WINDOW: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| (10 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
The '''WINDOW''' command scales the graphics coordinate system of the current [[_DEST]] image, optionally inverting the direction of the vertical axis. Any coordinates used in drawing commands made to the image are scaled such that the image seems have have the dimensions requested. | The '''WINDOW''' command scales the graphics coordinate system of the current [[_DEST]] image, optionally inverting the direction of the vertical axis. Any coordinates used in drawing commands made to the image are scaled such that the image seems have have the dimensions requested. | ||
{{PageSyntax}} | |||
: '''WINDOW''' [ [ '''SCREEN'''] (''x1!'', ''y1!'') - (''x2!'', ''y2!'')] | |||
{{PageParameters}} | |||
Where (''x1!'', ''y1!'')-(''x2!'', ''y2!'') specifies the new dimensions of the image to scale to. Non-integer values may be used. | Where (''x1!'', ''y1!'')-(''x2!'', ''y2!'') specifies the new dimensions of the image to scale to. Non-integer values may be used. | ||
Using '''WINDOW''' with no parameters reverts the effect of any previous calls to it. | Using '''WINDOW''' with no parameters reverts the effect of any previous calls to it. | ||
{{PageDescription}} | |||
When a command such as [[LINE]], [[CIRCLE]] or [[_PUTIMAGE]] needs a position in an image specified, it is given as a combination of x (horizontal) and y (vertical) coordinates. Usually these values are measured as pixels from the top-left origin. The '''WINDOW''' command changes the way these values are measured. This is best illustrated with an example: | When a command such as [[LINE]], [[CIRCLE]] or [[_PUTIMAGE]] needs a position in an image specified, it is given as a combination of x (horizontal) and y (vertical) coordinates. Usually these values are measured as pixels from the top-left origin. The '''WINDOW''' command changes the way these values are measured. This is best illustrated with an example: | ||
{{TextStart}} | |||
SCREEN _NEWIMAGE(600, 600, 32) ' | {{Cb|SCREEN}} {{Cb|_NEWIMAGE}}(600, 600, 32) '600 pixels in x and y directions and displayed on screen | ||
WINDOW SCREEN (0, 0)-(6, 6) | {{Cb|WINDOW}} {{Cb|SCREEN}} (0, 0)-(6, 6) | ||
{{TextEnd}} | |||
The coordinates of the image now run from 0 to 6 in both the x and y directions. The centre of the screen is now referred to as (3, 3) and the bottom-right corner of the screen is (6, 6). The image has not actually just changed size or the number of pixels, just the way the program refers to positions on the image. Despite this example, there is no requirement for the image or scaling coordinates to be square; each direction is scaled independently, and can result in commands such as LINE (0, 0)-(10, 10), , BF drawing a rectangle instead of a square. | The coordinates of the image now run from 0 to 6 in both the x and y directions. The centre of the screen is now referred to as (3, 3) and the bottom-right corner of the screen is (6, 6). The image has not actually just changed size or the number of pixels, just the way the program refers to positions on the image. Despite this example, there is no requirement for the image or scaling coordinates to be square; each direction is scaled independently, and can result in commands such as LINE (0, 0)-(10, 10), , BF drawing a rectangle instead of a square. | ||
| Line 19: | Line 23: | ||
'''WINDOW''' does not change any of the content already on the image; it only modifies coordinates used while it is in effect. The scaling is relative to the original image, so successive invocations do not compound upon each other. | '''WINDOW''' does not change any of the content already on the image; it only modifies coordinates used while it is in effect. The scaling is relative to the original image, so successive invocations do not compound upon each other. | ||
Although '''WINDOW''' affects all coordinates, it does not affect all graphics operations entirely. [[_PUTIMAGE]], if only given one destination coordinate, will not scale or stretch the image being drawn. [[CIRCLE]] will scale its radius such that it matches the horizontal axis. This means it always draws perfect circles even if the scaling of the two axes are not the same, but the radius measured against the vertical scale may not be correct. | Although '''WINDOW''' affects all coordinates, it does not affect all graphics operations entirely. [[_PUTIMAGE]], if only given one destination coordinate, will not scale or stretch the image being drawn. [[CIRCLE]] will scale its radius such that it matches the horizontal axis. This means it always draws perfect circles even if the scaling of the two axes are not the same, but the radius measured against the vertical scale may not be correct. | ||
The location of the graphics cursor (used to calculate relative positions for STEP) is not affected. It will remain in the same position on the image, but the relative coordinates that are specified with STEP will be scaled as described above. | The location of the graphics cursor (used to calculate relative positions for STEP) is not affected. It will remain in the same position on the image, but the relative coordinates that are specified with STEP will be scaled as described above. | ||
{{PageExamples}} | |||
Demonstrate a circle's radius only matching the scaling in the horizontal direction by comparing against a box: | Demonstrate a circle's radius only matching the scaling in the horizontal direction by comparing against a box: | ||
{{CodeStart}} | {{CodeStart}} | ||
SCREEN _NEWIMAGE(640, 480, 32) 'Not a square image | {{Cl|SCREEN}} {{Cl|_NEWIMAGE}}(640, 480, 32) 'Not a square image | ||
WINDOW SCREEN (0, 0)-(10, 10) 'SCREEN keeps the axis direction the same | {{Cl|WINDOW}} {{Cl|SCREEN}} (0, 0)-(10, 10) 'SCREEN keeps the axis direction the same | ||
LINE (4, 4)-(6, 6), _RGB32(255, 0, 0), BF 'Red square centred on (5, 5); will be stretched into a rectangle | {{Cl|LINE}} (4, 4)-(6, 6), {{Cl|_RGB32}}(255, 0, 0), BF 'Red square centred on (5, 5); will be stretched into a rectangle | ||
CIRCLE (5, 5), 1, _RGB32(0, 255, 0) 'Green circle at (5, 5) with radius 1 | {{Cl|CIRCLE}} (5, 5), 1, {{Cl|_RGB32}}(0, 255, 0) 'Green circle at (5, 5) with radius 1 | ||
{{CodeEnd}} | {{CodeEnd}} | ||
{{PageSeeAlso}} | |||
* [[PMAP]] | * [[PMAP]] | ||
* [[VIEW]] | * [[VIEW]] | ||
* [[VIEW PRINT]] | * [[VIEW PRINT]] | ||
{{PageNavigation}} | {{PageNavigation}} | ||
Latest revision as of 01:22, 29 January 2023
The WINDOW command scales the graphics coordinate system of the current _DEST image, optionally inverting the direction of the vertical axis. Any coordinates used in drawing commands made to the image are scaled such that the image seems have have the dimensions requested.
Syntax
- WINDOW [ [ SCREEN] (x1!, y1!) - (x2!, y2!)]
Parameters
Where (x1!, y1!)-(x2!, y2!) specifies the new dimensions of the image to scale to. Non-integer values may be used. Using WINDOW with no parameters reverts the effect of any previous calls to it.
Description
When a command such as LINE, CIRCLE or _PUTIMAGE needs a position in an image specified, it is given as a combination of x (horizontal) and y (vertical) coordinates. Usually these values are measured as pixels from the top-left origin. The WINDOW command changes the way these values are measured. This is best illustrated with an example:
SCREEN _NEWIMAGE(600, 600, 32) '600 pixels in x and y directions and displayed on screen WINDOW SCREEN (0, 0)-(6, 6) |
The coordinates of the image now run from 0 to 6 in both the x and y directions. The centre of the screen is now referred to as (3, 3) and the bottom-right corner of the screen is (6, 6). The image has not actually just changed size or the number of pixels, just the way the program refers to positions on the image. Despite this example, there is no requirement for the image or scaling coordinates to be square; each direction is scaled independently, and can result in commands such as LINE (0, 0)-(10, 10), , BF drawing a rectangle instead of a square.
If the SCREEN part is omitted, the y axis is inverted. Thus the origin is now at the bottom-left, and y coordinates increase as you move up the screen. Such a system may be more familiar to mathematically-oriented programmers.
WINDOW does not change any of the content already on the image; it only modifies coordinates used while it is in effect. The scaling is relative to the original image, so successive invocations do not compound upon each other.
Although WINDOW affects all coordinates, it does not affect all graphics operations entirely. _PUTIMAGE, if only given one destination coordinate, will not scale or stretch the image being drawn. CIRCLE will scale its radius such that it matches the horizontal axis. This means it always draws perfect circles even if the scaling of the two axes are not the same, but the radius measured against the vertical scale may not be correct.
The location of the graphics cursor (used to calculate relative positions for STEP) is not affected. It will remain in the same position on the image, but the relative coordinates that are specified with STEP will be scaled as described above.
Examples
Demonstrate a circle's radius only matching the scaling in the horizontal direction by comparing against a box:
SCREEN _NEWIMAGE(640, 480, 32) 'Not a square image WINDOW SCREEN (0, 0)-(10, 10) 'SCREEN keeps the axis direction the same LINE (4, 4)-(6, 6), _RGB32(255, 0, 0), BF 'Red square centred on (5, 5); will be stretched into a rectangle CIRCLE (5, 5), 1, _RGB32(0, 255, 0) 'Green circle at (5, 5) with radius 1 |
See also