AND (boolean)

The AND conditonal operator is used to include another evaluation in an IF...THEN or Boolean statement.

Syntax

IF condition AND condition2

Description

• If condition AND condition2 are true then the evaluation returns true (-1).
• condition and condition2 can also contain their own AND evaluations.
• Both the IF evaluation and the AND evaluation must be true for the statement to be true.
• Statements can use parenthesis to clarify an evaluation.
• AND (boolean) and OR (boolean) cannot be used to combine command line operations.
• Not to be confused with the AND and OR numerical operations.

Table 3: The relational operations for condition checking. In this table, A and B are the Expressions to compare. Both must represent the same general type, i.e. they must result into either numerical values or STRING values. If a test succeeds, then true (-1) is returned, false (0) if it fails, which both can be used in further Boolean evaluations. ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Relational Operations │ ├────────────┬───────────────────────────────────────────┬────────────────┤ │ Operation │ Description │ Example usage │ ├────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────┼────────────────┤ │ A = B │ Tests if A is equal to B. │ IF A = B THEN │ ├────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────┼────────────────┤ │ A <> B │ Tests if A is not equal to B. │ IF A <> B THEN │ ├────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────┼────────────────┤ │ A < B │ Tests if A is less than B. │ IF A < B THEN │ ├────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────┼────────────────┤ │ A > B │ Tests if A is greater than B. │ IF A > B THEN │ ├────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────┼────────────────┤ │ A <= B │ Tests if A is less than or equal to B. │ IF A <= B THEN │ ├────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────┼────────────────┤ │ A >= B │ Tests if A is greater than or equal to B. │ IF A >= B THEN │ └────────────┴───────────────────────────────────────────┴────────────────┘ The operations should be very obvious for numerical values. For strings be aware that all checks are done case sensitive (i.e. "Foo" <> "foo"). The equal/not equal check is pretty much straight forward, but for the less/greater checks the ASCII value of the first different character is used for decision making: E.g. "abc" is less than "abd", because in the first difference (the 3rd character) the "c" has a lower ASCII value than the "d". This behavior may give you some subtle results, if you are not aware of the ASCII values and the written case: E.g. "abc" is greater than "abD", because the small letters have higher ASCII values than the capital letters, hence "c" > "D". You may use LCASE$ or UCASE$ to make sure both strings have the same case.

Examples

Example: Using AND in an IF statement.

a% = 100 b% = 50 IF a% > b% AND a% < 200 THEN PRINT "True"

True

Explanation: Both condition evaluations must be true for the code to be executed.

Example: Using a AND a more complex way.

a% = 100 b% = 50 c% = 25 d% = 50 e% = 100 IF (a% > b% AND b% > c%) AND (c% < d% AND d% < e%) THEN PRINT "True" ELSE PRINT "False" END IF

True

Explanation: The evaluations in the paranteses are evaluated first then the evaluation of the paranteses takes place, since all evaluations return True the IF...THEN evaluation returns True. If any of the evaluations returned False then the IF...THEN evaluation would also return False.

See also

• AND, OR (logical operators)
• OR (boolean), XOR (boolean)
• IF...THEN

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