CLNG: Difference between revisions

From QB64 Phoenix Edition Wiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
← Older edit
No edit summary
No edit summary
 
(4 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
The [[CLNG]] function rounds decimal point numbers up or down to the nearest [[LONG]] integer value.
The '''CLNG''' function rounds decimal point numbers to the nearest [[LONG]] integer value with one exception. If the fraction of the decimal point number is exactly .5, then it is '''always''' rounded to the nearest '''even''' long integer value.




Line 7: Line 7:


{{PageParameters}}
{{PageParameters}}
* {{Parameter|expression}} is any [[TYPE]] of literal or variable numerical value or mathematical calculation.
* {{Parameter|expression}} is any [[Variable Types|type]] of literal or variable numerical value or mathematical calculation.




{{PageDescription}}
{{PageDescription}}
* Used when integer values exceed 32767 or are less than -32768.
;* Note: As given values may be positive or negative and the rounding directions are opposite in each case, we don't speak of rounding up or down. That's elementary school terminology when kids don't know of negative numbers yet.
* Values greater than .5 are rounded up; .5 or lower are rounded down.
:* Instead we speak of rounding towards zero or rounding towards infinity, which exactly describes the rounding direction for both, positive and negative numbers.
* CLNG can return normal [[INTEGER]] values under 32768 too.
* Fractions greater than .5 are rounded to the next integer number towards infinity
* Use it when a number could exceed normal [[INTEGER]] number limits.
* Fractions lower than .5 are rounded to the next integer number towards zero.
* Fractions exactly .5 are rounded to the nearest '''even''' integer number.
* Use this function if the decimal point number exceeds the [[INTEGER]] range of -32768 to 32767. However, you may generally use it, as it handles normal [[INTEGER]]s as well.
* This function is automatically applied (in the background) to decimal point values, which are given to [[SUB]]s or [[FUNCTION]]s requiring [[LONG]]s as arguments.
 
 
{{PageAvailability}}
<!-- QB64 = a version or none, QBPE = a version or all, Platforms = yes or no -->
<gallery widths="48px" heights="48px" mode="nolines">
File:Qb64.png|'''all'''
File:Qbpe.png|'''all'''
File:Apix.png
File:Win.png|'''yes'''
File:Lnx.png|'''yes'''
File:Osx.png|'''yes'''
</gallery>
<!-- additional availability notes go below here -->




{{PageExamples}}
{{PageExamples}}
;Example: Shows how CLNG rounds values depending on the current fraction.
{{CodeStart}}
{{CodeStart}}
a& = {{Cl|CLNG}}(2345678.51)
{{Cl|WIDTH}} {{Text|50|#F580B1}}, {{Text|35|#F580B1}}
{{Cl|PRINT}}
{{Cl|FOR}} f = {{Text|-3.5|#F580B1}} {{Cl|TO}} {{Text|3.5|#F580B1}}
    {{Cl|IF}} f < {{Text|0|#F580B1}} {{Cl|THEN}}
        down$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"towards infinity"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
        up$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"towards zero"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
    {{Cl|ELSE}}
        down$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"towards zero"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
        up$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"towards infinity"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
    {{Cl|END IF}}
    {{Cl|PRINT}} f - {{Text|0.01|#F580B1}}, {{Cl|CLNG}}(f - {{Text|0.01|#F580B1}}), down$
    {{Cl|PRINT}} f, {{Cl|CLNG}}(f), {{Text|<nowiki>"to nearest even"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
    {{Cl|PRINT}} f + {{Text|0.01|#F580B1}}, {{Cl|CLNG}}(f + {{Text|0.01|#F580B1}}), up$
    {{Cl|PRINT}}
{{Cl|NEXT}} f
{{CodeEnd}}
{{CodeEnd}}
{{OutputStart}}
2345679
{{OutputEnd}}




{{PageSeeAlso}}
{{PageSeeAlso}}
* [[CINT]], [[INT]]
* [https://qb64phoenix.com/forum/showthread.php?tid=3661 Featured in our "Keyword of the Day" series]
* [[CSNG]], [[CDBL]]
* [[_ROUND]], [[_CEIL]]
* [[_ROUND]]
* [[CINT]], [[CSNG]], [[CDBL]]
* [[INT]], [[FIX]]




{{PageNavigation}}
{{PageNavigation}}

Latest revision as of 23:18, 7 May 2025

The CLNG function rounds decimal point numbers to the nearest LONG integer value with one exception. If the fraction of the decimal point number is exactly .5, then it is always rounded to the nearest even long integer value.


Syntax

value& = CLNG(expression)


Parameters

  • expression is any type of literal or variable numerical value or mathematical calculation.


Description

Note
  • As given values may be positive or negative and the rounding directions are opposite in each case, we don't speak of rounding up or down. That's elementary school terminology when kids don't know of negative numbers yet.
  • Instead we speak of rounding towards zero or rounding towards infinity, which exactly describes the rounding direction for both, positive and negative numbers.
  • Fractions greater than .5 are rounded to the next integer number towards infinity
  • Fractions lower than .5 are rounded to the next integer number towards zero.
  • Fractions exactly .5 are rounded to the nearest even integer number.
  • Use this function if the decimal point number exceeds the INTEGER range of -32768 to 32767. However, you may generally use it, as it handles normal INTEGERs as well.
  • This function is automatically applied (in the background) to decimal point values, which are given to SUBs or FUNCTIONs requiring LONGs as arguments.


Availability

  • all
    all
  • all
    all
  • yes
    yes
  • yes
    yes
  • yes
    yes


Examples

Example
Shows how CLNG rounds values depending on the current fraction.
WIDTH 50, 35
FOR f = -3.5 TO 3.5
    IF f < 0 THEN
        down$ = "towards infinity"
        up$ = "towards zero"
    ELSE
        down$ = "towards zero"
        up$ = "towards infinity"
    END IF
    PRINT f - 0.01, CLNG(f - 0.01), down$
    PRINT f, CLNG(f), "to nearest even"
    PRINT f + 0.01, CLNG(f + 0.01), up$
    PRINT
NEXT f


See also


Navigation:
Main Page with Articles and Tutorials
Keyword Reference - Alphabetical
Keyword Reference - By usage
Report a broken link
Retrieved from "https://qb64phoenix.com/qb64wiki/index.php?title=CLNG&oldid=9682"