SPACE$: Difference between revisions
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(Created page with "The {{KW|SPACE$}} function returns a {{KW|STRING}} consisting of a number of space characters. {{PageSyntax}} :''result$'' = '''SPACE$({{Parameter|count&}})''' {{Parameters}} * {{Parameter|count&}} is the number of space characters to repeat. Cannot use negative values! ''Usage:'' * Semicolons can be used to combine spaces with text STRING or numerical values. * Concatenation using + can be used to combine STRING text values only. * Spaces are often use...") |
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The | The [[SPACE$]] function returns a [[STRING]] consisting of a number of space characters. | ||
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{{ | {{PageParameters}} | ||
* {{Parameter|count&}} is the number of space characters to repeat. Cannot use negative values! | * {{Parameter|count&}} is the number of space characters to repeat. Cannot use negative values! | ||
{{PageDescription}} | |||
* Semicolons can be used to combine spaces with text [[STRING]] or numerical values. | * Semicolons can be used to combine spaces with text [[STRING]] or numerical values. | ||
* [[Concatenation]] using + can be used to combine [[STRING]] text values only. | * [[Concatenation]] using + can be used to combine [[STRING]] text values only. | ||
| Line 22: | Line 22: | ||
{{PageExamples}} | |||
''Example 1:'' How to space text in a [[PRINT]] statement using SPACE$ with string [[concatenation]]. | ''Example 1:'' How to space text in a [[PRINT]] statement using SPACE$ with string [[concatenation]]. | ||
{{CodeStart}} | {{CodeStart}} | ||
{{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} count% = 0 {{Cl|FOR...NEXT|TO}} 3 | {{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} count% = 0 {{Cl|FOR...NEXT|TO}} 3 | ||
{{Cl|PRINT}} "abc" + {{Cl|SPACE$}}( count% ) + "def" | {{Cl|PRINT}} "abc" + {{Cl|SPACE$}}( count% ) + "def" | ||
| Line 86: | Line 87: | ||
{{Cl|PRINT}} "*"; | {{Cl|PRINT}} "*"; | ||
{{Cl|NEXT}} y | {{Cl|NEXT}} y | ||
t = {{Cl|TIMER}} | t = {{Cl|TIMER (function)|TIMER}} | ||
{{Cl|DO...LOOP|DO}} {{Cl|WHILE}} t + .2 >= {{Cl|TIMER}}: {{Cl|LOOP}} | {{Cl|DO...LOOP|DO}} {{Cl|WHILE}} t + .2 >= {{Cl|TIMER (function)|TIMER}}: {{Cl|LOOP}} | ||
{{Cl|LOOP}} {{Cl|WHILE}} stop$ = "" | {{Cl|LOOP}} {{Cl|WHILE}} stop$ = "" | ||
{{Cl|COLOR}} 7, 0 | {{Cl|COLOR}} 7, 0 | ||
{{Cl|END}} | {{Cl|END}} | ||
{{CodeEnd}}{{ | {{CodeEnd}} | ||
{{Small|Code by Solitaire}} | |||
:''Explanation:'' In [[SCREEN]] 0, the background color is only placed with the the printed text and spaces. [[CLS]] can color the entire screen. | :''Explanation:'' In [[SCREEN]] 0, the background color is only placed with the the printed text and spaces. [[CLS]] can color the entire screen. | ||
Latest revision as of 17:02, 24 February 2023
The SPACE$ function returns a STRING consisting of a number of space characters.
Syntax
- result$ = SPACE$(count&)
Parameters
- count& is the number of space characters to repeat. Cannot use negative values!
Description
- Semicolons can be used to combine spaces with text STRING or numerical values.
- Concatenation using + can be used to combine STRING text values only.
- Spaces are often used to erase previous text PRINTs from the screen.
- The function result can also be used to GET and PUT a number of bytes as zero characters: bytes$ = SPACE$(numbytes)
- Spaces can also be made using SPC, CHR$(32) or STRING$(n%, 32).
Differences between QB64 and QB 4.5:
- QB64 can use LONG values for count up to 2,147,483,647 while QB 4.5 could only use INTEGER values up to 32,767.
Examples
Example 1: How to space text in a PRINT statement using SPACE$ with string concatenation.
FOR count% = 0 TO 3 PRINT "abc" + SPACE$( count% ) + "def" NEXT count% |
abcdef abc def abc def abc def |
Example 2: In SCREEN 0 SPACE$ can be used to change the background color to make an American flag.
USA flag centered on screen with thin horizontal red & white stripes ' blue corner field with randomly twinkling stars CLS LOCATE 25, 1 PRINT "Press any key to stop twinkling"; COLOR , 4 z = 15 FOR x = 5 TO 19 '13 red & white stripes (x =5 to 21 for 15 stripes) IF z = 15 THEN z = 4 ELSE z = 15 COLOR , z LOCATE x, 15 PRINT SPACE$(55) NEXT x FOR x = 5 TO 11 'blue field in upper left quadrant (x = 5 to 13 to hold all 50 stars) COLOR 15, 1 'sits above 4th white stripe LOCATE x, 15 PRINT SPACE$(23) NEXT x DO stop$ = INKEY$ FOR x = 5 TO 10 STEP 2 '39 stars staggered across blue field (50 stars if x = 5 to 12) w = 16 FOR y = 1 TO 6 '5 rows of 6 stars r = INT(RND * 6) IF r = 0 THEN z = 31 ELSE z = 15 IF stop$ = "" THEN COLOR z ELSE COLOR 15 LOCATE x, w w = w + 4 PRINT "*"; NEXT y w = 18 FOR y = 1 TO 5 '5 rows of 5 stars r = INT(RND * 6) IF r = 0 THEN z = 31 ELSE z = 15 IF stop$ = "" THEN COLOR z ELSE COLOR 15 LOCATE x + 1, w w = w + 4 PRINT "*"; NEXT y NEXT x w = 16 FOR y = 1 TO 6 '1 row of 6 stars r = INT(RND * 6) IF r = 0 THEN z = 31 ELSE z = 15 IF stop$ = "" THEN COLOR z ELSE COLOR 15 LOCATE x, w w = w + 4 PRINT "*"; NEXT y t = TIMER DO WHILE t + .2 >= TIMER: LOOP LOOP WHILE stop$ = "" COLOR 7, 0 END |
- Explanation: In SCREEN 0, the background color is only placed with the the printed text and spaces. CLS can color the entire screen.
See also