PLAY

PLAY is a statement that plays a tune defined by Music Macro Language (MML) STRINGs.

Syntax

PLAY mmlString1$[, mmlString2$][, mmlString3$][, mmlString4$]

Parameters

The mmlString1$, mmlString2$, mmlString3$, mmlString4$ can be any literal or variable STRING consisting of the following commands:
- Command string values are not case-sensitive and white spaces and ; are ignored. Use upper or lower case as desired.

O n - Sets the current octave (from 0 to 6). Example: PLAY "O3"
< - Down one octave (cannot be below zero). Example: PLAY "<<" 'goes down two octaves.
> - Up one octave (cannot be above 6). Example: PLAY ">>" ' goes up two octaves.
A, B, C, D, E, F or G are the notes in the current octave. The following suffixes can be used:

+ or # for a sharp note. Example: PLAY "C#"
- for a flat note. Example: PLAY "C-"

N n - Plays a note n by number(n can be between 0 to 84 in the 7 octaves, where 0 is a rest). Example: PLAY "N42"
L n - Sets length of a note (n can be 1 to 64 where 1 is a whole note and 4 is a quarter of a note etc.). Example: PLAY "L4"

MS - Each note plays 3/4 of length set by L (staccato)
MN - Each note plays 7/8 of length set by L (normal)
ML - Each note plays a full-length set by L (legato)
R/P n - Specifies a rest/pause (1 - 64). P1 is a whole-note pause, P2 is a half-note pause, etc. (The pause is 1/n note in length.) Example: PLAY "P32"
T n - Tempo sets the number of L4 quarter notes per minute (n can be 32 to 255 where 120 is the default). Example: PLAY "T180"

. - period after a note plays 1½ times the note length determined by L * T.
.. - two periods plays 1-3/4 times the note length determined by L * T.

, - commas in QB64 stop play advancement to allow more than one note to be played simultaneously. Example: PLAY "C,E,G,"
V n - Voice volume in QB64 only can be any volume from 0 (none) to 100 (full). The default level is 50 when n is not specified.
V-/V+ - Decrement / Increment the voice volume in QB64-PE only.
MF - Play music in the foreground (each note must be completed before another can start).
MB - Play music in the background while program code execution continues (QB64 has no note buffer limits).
X + VARPTR$(string-expression) - executes a command string variable. It must be used with variables!.
W/@ n - Select waveform in QB64-PE only can be (1 for square (default), 2 for sawtooth, 3 for triangle, 4 for sine, 5 for white noise, 6 for pink noise, 7 for Brownian noise, 8 for LFSR noise, 9 for pulse or 10 for a waveform defined by the _WAVE statement.
/ n - Attack duration in QB64-PE only can be a percentage of note duration from 0 to 100.
\ n - Decay duration in QB64-PE only can be a percentage of note duration from 0 to 100.
^ n - Sustain volume in QB64-PE only can be a percentage of the voice volume (V) from 0 to 100.
_ n - Release duration in QB64-PE only can be a percentage of note duration from 0 to 100.
Q n - Simple volume ramp in QB64-PE only can be a percentage of note duration from 0 to 100. This sets sustain (^) to 100, attack (/) to n, and release (_) to n.
Y n - Parameters for the current waveform in QB64-PE only can be 0 to 100 for pulse waveform, clock rate for LFSR noise, or seed for other noise waveforms.
S n - Pan position in QB64-PE only can be 0 (left-most) to 100 (right-most).
S-/S+ - Moves the pan position left / right in QB64-PE only.
Numeric values "n" listed above can also be fetched from numeric variables using "=" + VARPTR$(numeric_variable).

Availability

v0.610
all
yes
yes
yes

The following features have been added in QB64-PE v3.8.0:
- Complete support for X + VARPTR$(string-expression).
- Support for @ and Q commands.
The following features have been added in QB64-PE v4.0.0:
- Support for multi-voice MML playback. Advanced BASIC (for the IBM PCjr and Tandy 1000) multi-voice MML can now play in QB64-PE.
- Support for W, /, \, ^, _, Y, S, S-, S+, R, V-, and V+ commands.
- Support for 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 (user-defined _WAVE) waveforms.

Examples

Example 1: Plays a sound with the volume and note varying from 0 to 50. The maximum note can only be 84.

PLAY "q0mll64"
DO
    FOR x = 1 TO 50
        a$ = a$ + "v" + LTRIM$(STR$(x)) + "n" + LTRIM$(STR$(x))
    NEXT
    FOR x = 50 TO 1 STEP -1
        a$ = a$ + "v" + LTRIM$(STR$(x)) + "n" + LTRIM$(STR$(x))
    NEXT
    PLAY a$
    a$ = ""
LOOP UNTIL INKEY$ <> ""
PLAY "v10l1c,l4egl2o5c,o4l4eg"

Code by Galleon

Example 2: Plays "Frosty the snowman". The lyric printing is not delayed by PLAY in QB64.

CLS: PRINT "Frosty the Snow Man"
FOR X = 1 TO 2
    PRINT
    IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "Fros-ty the Snow man was a jolly happy soul,"
    IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "Fros-ty the Snow man knew the sun was hot that day"
    PLAY "t140o2p4g2e4.f8g4o3c2o2b8o3c8d4c4o2b4a8g2." 'MB removed to print song one line at a time
    IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "with a corn cob pipe and a button nose and two eyes made out of coal."
    IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "so he said Let's run and we'll have some fun now before I melt away."
    PLAY "o2b8o3c8d4c4o2b4a8a8g8o3c4o2e8e4g8a8g4f4e4f4g2."
    IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "Fros-ty the Snow Man is a fair-y tale, they say,"
    IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "Down to the vil-lage, with a broom-stick in his hand,"
    PLAY "g2e4.f8g4o3c2o2b8o3c8d4c4o2b4a8g2."
    IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "He was made of snow but the chil-dren knew how he come to life one day."
    IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "run-ning here and there all a-round the square, say-in' catch me if you can."
    PLAY "o2b8o3c8d4c4o2b4a8a8g8o3c4o2e8e4g8a8g4f4e4d4c2."
    IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "There must have been some magic in that old silk hat they found."
    IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "He led them down the streets of town right to the traffic cop."
    PLAY "c4a4a4o3c4c4o2b4a4g4e4f4a4g4f4e2."
    IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "For when they placed it on his head he be-gan to dance a round."
    IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "And he on-ly paused a moment when he heard him hol-ler Stop!"
    PLAY "e8e8d4d4g4g4b4b4o3d4d8o2b8o3d4c4o2b4a4g4p4"
    IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "Oh, Fros-ty the Snow Man was a-live as he could be,"
    IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "For, Fros-ty the Snow Man had to hur-ry on his way"
    PLAY "g2g2e4.f8g4o3c2o2b8o3c8d4c4o2b4a8g8g2."
    IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "and the chil-dren say he could laugh and play just the same as you and me."
    IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "but he waved good-bye say-in' Don't you cry, I'll be back a-gain some day."
    PLAY "o2b8o3c8d4c4o2b4a8a8g8o3c4o2e8e4g8a8g4f4e4d4c2.p4"
NEXT X
PRINT: PRINT "Thump-et-y thump thump, thump-et-y thump thump, look at Fros-ty go."
PLAY "t180g8g8g4g4g4a8g8g4g4g4a4g4e4g4d1"
PRINT "Thump-et-y thump thump, thump-et-y thump thump, ov-er the hills of snow."
PLAY "t180g8g8g4g4g4a8g8g4g4g4g8g8g4a4b4o3c2c4p1"
END

Code by Greg Rismoen

Example 3: Clicking on the grid enables various notes to be played simultaneously.

DIM SHARED grid(16, 16), grid2(16, 16), cur
CONST maxx = 512
CONST maxy = 512
SCREEN _NEWIMAGE(maxx, maxy, 32)
_TITLE "MusicGrid"
cleargrid
DO
    IF TIMER - t# > 1 / 8 THEN cur = (cur + 1) AND 15: t# = TIMER
    IF cur <> oldcur THEN
        figuregrid
        drawgrid
        playgrid
        oldcur = cur
    END IF
    domousestuff
    in$ = INKEY$
    IF in$ = "C" OR in$ = "c" THEN cleargrid
LOOP UNTIL in$ = CHR$(27)

SUB drawgrid
    scale! = maxx / 16
    scale2 = maxx \ 16 - 2
    FOR y = 0 TO 15
        y1 = y * scale!
        FOR x = 0 TO 15
            x1 = x * scale!
            c& = _RGB32(grid2(x, y) * 64 + 64, 0, 0)
            LINE (x1, y1)-(x1 + scale2, y1 + scale2), c&, BF
        NEXT x
    NEXT y
END SUB

SUB figuregrid
    FOR y = 0 TO 15
        FOR x = 0 TO 15
            grid2(x, y) = grid(x, y)
        NEXT x
    NEXT y
    FOR y = 1 TO 14
        FOR x = 1 TO 14
            IF grid(x, y) = 1 AND cur = x THEN
                grid2(x, y) = 2
                IF grid(x - 1, y) = 0 THEN grid2(x - 1, y) = 1
                IF grid(x + 1, y) = 0 THEN grid2(x + 1, y) = 1
                IF grid(x, y - 1) = 0 THEN grid2(x, y - 1) = 1
                IF grid(x, y + 1) = 0 THEN grid2(x, y + 1) = 1
            END IF
        NEXT x
    NEXT y
END SUB

SUB domousestuff
    DO WHILE _MOUSEINPUT
        IF _MOUSEBUTTON(1) THEN
            x = _MOUSEX \ (maxx \ 16)
            y = _MOUSEY \ (maxy \ 16)
            grid(x, y) = 1 - grid(x, y)
        END IF
    LOOP
END SUB

SUB playgrid
    n$ = "L16 "
    'scale$ = "O1CO1DO1EO1FO1GO1AO1BO2CO2DO2EO2FO2GO2AO2BO3CO3D"
    scale$ = "o1fo1go1ao2co2do2fo2go2ao3co3do3fo3go3ao4co4do4fo"
    FOR y = 15 TO 0 STEP -1
        IF grid(cur, y) = 1 THEN
            note$ = MID$(scale$, 1 + (15 - y) * 3, 3)
            n$ = n$ + note$ + "," 'comma plays 2 or more column notes simultaneously
        END IF
    NEXT y
    n$ = LEFT$(n$, LEN(n$) - 1)
    PLAY n$
END SUB

SUB cleargrid
    FOR y = 0 TO 15
        FOR x = 0 TO 15
            grid(x, y) = 0
        NEXT x
    NEXT y
END SUB

Code by JP

Example 4: Play strings starting with MB allow program code to run while music plays in the background.

' 2012, 2013 mennonite
' license: creative commons cc0 1.0 universal
' (public domain) http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/

SCREEN 12 ' the following works in other screen modes, too
RANDOMIZE TIMER

PLAY "mb l4cf.l8el4fag.l8fl4gl8agl4f.l8fl4a>cl2dl4dl4c.<l8al4afg.l8fl4gl8agl4f.l8dl4dcl2f>l4dc.<l8al4afg.l8fl4g>dc.<l8al4a>cl2dl4dc.<l8al4afg.l8fl4gl8agl4f.l8dl4dcl1f"

DIM ccs(1 TO 9, 1 TO 2)
ccs(1, 1) = 415: ccs(1, 2) = 289
ccs(2, 1) = 185: ccs(2, 2) = 128
ccs(3, 1) = 108: ccs(3, 2) = 75
ccs(4, 1) = 70: ccs(4, 2) = 48
ccs(5, 1) = 48: ccs(5, 2) = 32
ccs(6, 1) = 32: ccs(6, 2) = 20
ccs(7, 1) = 20: ccs(7, 2) = 12
ccs(8, 1) = 10: ccs(8, 2) = 6
ccs(9, 1) = 2: ccs(9, 2) = 2

FOR extra = 1 TO 23
    FOR p = 1 TO 9
        gcolor INT(RND * 9 + 14 - 9)
        _DELAY .04
        CLS
        gscale p
        row = ccs(p, 1)
        cl = ccs(p, 2)
        glocate row, cl
        gprint "000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
        glocate row + 1, cl
        gprint "0x00x0xxxx0xxxx0xxxx0x0x000x00x0xxxx0x000x000x0x0xxxx0xxxx0xxxx000x00"
        glocate row + 2, cl
        gprint "0x00x0x00x0x00x0x00x0x0x000xx0x0x0000x000x000x0x0x0000x00x0x00x000x00"
        glocate row + 3, cl
        gprint "0xxxx0xxxx0xxxx0xxxx0x0x000x0xx0xxx00x0x0x000x0x0xxx00xxxx0xxxx000x00"
        glocate row + 4, cl
        gprint "0x00x0x00x0x0000x00000x0000x00x0x0000x0x0x0000x00x0000x00x0x0x0000000"
        glocate row + 5, cl
        gprint "0x00x0x00x0x0000x00000x0000x00x0xxxx0xx0xx0000x00xxxx0x00x0x00x000x00"
        glocate row + 6, cl
        gprint "000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
    NEXT p
    SLEEP 1
    IF INKEY$ = CHR$(27) THEN EXIT FOR
NEXT extra

END

SUB gscale (s):
    SHARED gscalep
    gscalep = INT(s)
END SUB

SUB gcolor (c):
    SHARED gcolorp
    gcolorp = c
END SUB

SUB gbackcolor (c):
    SHARED gbackcolorp
    gbackcolorp = c
END SUB

SUB glocate (row, column):
    SHARED gposxp
    SHARED gposyp
    gposyp = row
    gposxp = column
END SUB

SUB gprint (p$):
    SHARED gscalep
    SHARED gposxp, gposyp
    SHARED gcolorp, gbackcolorp
    ' # means "use the foreground color here."
    ' . means "use the background color here."
    ' _ means "transparent - don't draw this block at all" (you can layer!)
    ' 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,a,b,c,d,e,f means "do color attribute 0 to 15."
    ' any letter after f: "use the foreground color here."
    IF gscalep < 1 THEN gscalep = 1
    pcolorp = gcolorp
    FOR p = 1 TO LEN(p$):
        SELECT CASE LCASE$(MID$(p$, p, 1))
            CASE "#", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", "z"
                pcolorp = gcolorp
            CASE "."
                pcolorp = gbackcolorp
            CASE "_"
                pcolorp = -1
            CASE "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f"
                pcolorp = INSTR("0123456789abcdef", LCASE$(MID$(p$, p, 1))) - 1
        END SELECT
        IF NOT pcolorp = -1 THEN
            IF gscalep > 1 THEN
                LINE ((gposxp - 1) * gscalep, (gposyp - 1) * gscalep)-STEP(gscalep - 1, gscalep - 1), pcolorp, BF
            ELSE:
                PSET (gposxp, gposyp), pcolorp
            END IF
        END IF
        glocate gposyp, gposxp + 1
    NEXT p
    gposxp = 1
    glocate gposyp + 1, 1 'gposyp = gposyp + 1
END SUB

Code by Mennonite

Example 5: This example uses PRINT to good effect as string spacing is ignored by PLAY.

WIDTH 59, 28
PRINT
x$ = x$ + "   o3    l4         t         0120c    ml<f1   ,a      1,  "
x$ = x$ + "   >c    1,        mnf        .e  8f   am  l<   e1    ,g   "
x$ = x$ + "   1,    >c       1, mn       g.   f8  ga   8g   8m  l<    "
x$ = x$ + "   f2.,a2.,      >c   2.      ,m  nf   .f  8a     ml<f     "
x$ = x$ + "   ,a,>c,mn     >cd2.,<f2     .,d2     .,<b        -2      "
x$ = x$ + "   .m    lb    -,>d,f,mn>d    ml       <c          1,      "
x$ = x$ + "   <a    1,   f1         ,m   n>       >c          .<      "
x$ = x$ + "   a8    af  ml           c1  ,<       e1          ,g      "
x$ = x$ + "                                                           "
x$ = x$ + "      1,m      n>  g.f8ga8g8m  l<                   f1     "
x$ = x$ + "      ,d1,     <b  -1           ,m                 n>      "
x$ = x$ + "      >f .d    8d  c<            f2               .,       "
x$ = x$ + "      a2  .,   c2  .,>f2.         ml      <      b-        "
x$ = x$ + "      ,>   d,  f,  mn>dml          <c    1,<    a1         "
x$ = x$ + "      ,f    1, mn  >>               c.  <a 8a  fm          "
x$ = x$ + "      lc     2.,<  e2                .,g2   .,mn           "
x$ = x$ + "      >g      .f8  gml<b-,>d,         f,     mn            "
x$ = x$ + "                                                           "
x$ = x$ + ">d      ml  <<f2.,a2.,         >         c2.,m       n>  c."
x$ = x$ + " <a    8a   ml                <e,        g,  >c      ,m  n>"
x$ = x$ + "  cm  l<    <b               -2 .,       >d   2.     ,f  2."
x$ = x$ + "   ,mn>     d2.ml<          <b   -,      >d  ,f      ,m  n>"
x$ = x$ + "    dm      l<<f1,         a1,>c1,mn     >c.<a       8a  fm"
x$ = x$ + "    lc      1,            <e1,g1,mn>g    .f  8g      a8  g8"
x$ = x$ + "    ml      <<           b-         1,   >d   1,           "
x$ = x$ + "    f1      ,mn>f.d8dc  l1           ml  f,    c,    <a  ,f"
PRINT x$;
PLAY x$

Code by Luke

Example 6: Demonstrates usage of VARPTR$ with PLAY.

'Play scale in 7 different octaves
scale$ = "CDEFGAB"

play$ = "L16O=" + VARPTR$(i%) + "X" + VARPTR$(scale$)

FOR i% = 0 TO 6
    PLAY play$
NEXT

PLAY

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Parameters

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PLAY

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