09-13-2024, 02:35 AM
Added the last two things I thought was missing, having rests between notes, and allowing a program sound change during the playing track (switch sounds).
To add a rest use code "rn", it will rest the duration previously set ( no sound). To change the sound on the fly for that track, use "p000" to "p127" , the number being the sound patch you want to use.
This last version plays two little songs showing most everything the MIDI maker function can do, and how using channel 10 to access the drum sounds..
- Dav
To add a rest use code "rn", it will rest the duration previously set ( no sound). To change the sound on the fly for that track, use "p000" to "p127" , the number being the sound patch you want to use.
This last version plays two little songs showing most everything the MIDI maker function can do, and how using channel 10 to access the drum sounds..
- Dav
Code: (Select All)
'=============
'MidiNotes.bas - v1.07
'=============
'Generates MIDI file data from string of notes.
'Coded by Dav, SEP/2024
'Added: "rn" - can now add rest notes (pauses) in note string.
' "rn" is the rest note code, it uses and duration set.
' "P010" program change code to change sounds in notes.
' You assign a new sound # for that track anytime.
' Use p000 to p127. Must be 4 characters long (like p030).
$Unstable:Midi
$MidiSoundFont: Default
'======================================================
'THIS DEMO SHOWS HOW TO MAKE A MILTI-TRACK MIDI SONG.
'YOU DON'T HAVE TO DO THIS, YOU CAN MAKE A 1 TRACK TOO:
'Like, song$ = MidiNotes$(120, 1, "c4e4g4e4f4d4", 1)
'Then just play single track that using _SNDPLAY.
'
'After multitrack is played, a single MIDI song is too.
'======================================================
'4-track song demo....
'notes for all four instruments below...
p1$ = "sne4f4g4a4eng4qn(c5e4)en(d5g4)qn(c5e5)p080sne4f4g4a4eng4qnc5end5qnc5" 'melody part (violin)
p2$ = "p011 wn (c4e4g4) p088 (c4e4g4)" 'harmony part (bells)
p3$ = "en c3g3(c3g2)g3c3g3(c3g2)g3c3g3(c3g2)g3c3g3c3g3" 'piano sound
p4$ = "c4eng3a3qnc4g3c4eng3a3qnc4g3" 'for the drum sounds
'let's make the song a longer one by doubling the song parts.
p1$ = p1$ + p1$: p2$ = p2$ + p2$
p3$ = p3$ + p3$: p4$ = p4$ + p4$
'generate midi data for 4 tracks.
'each track uses its own channel, 1 - 4.
'We only need MIDI header for the first track, so we are
'going to remove the MIDI header for track 2, 3 and 4 below
track1$ = MidiNotes$(100, 41, p1$, 1) 'keep first track as is, with a midi header
track2$ = Mid$(MidiNotes$(100, 11, p2$, 2), 15) 'strip midi header off (removes 14 bytes)
track3$ = Mid$(MidiNotes$(100, 1, p3$, 3), 15) 'strip
track4$ = Mid$(MidiNotes$(100, 115, p4$, 10), 15) 'strip <<< use channel 10 for drums.
'combine tracks 1+2+3+4 to form one MIDI data file
note$ = track1$ + track2$ + track3$ + track4$
'last step, update midi header to say 4 tracks used, not 1 <<<<< important for multitracks
Mid$(note$, 12, 1) = Chr$(4) '4 tracks now <<< your number of tracks used
'================================================================
'================================================================
'optional here.... you could save that as a MIDI file like so....
'Open "4tracks.mid" For Output As #1: Print #1, note$;: Close #1
'================================================================
'play the 4 track midi..
midisong& = _SndOpen(note$, "memory")
_SndPlay midisong&
Print "Playing a Multi-track MIDI song..."
Print "Press any key to move on..."
Sleep 10
_SndStop midisong&
_SndClose midisong&
'=============================
'Now play a simple midi song...
Print
Print "Playing a simple track song..."
Print
end$ = MidiNotes$(200, 5, "c5rneng4F4g4G4rnrng4rnrnrnrnrnenp016b4rnrnenc5qnrn", 1)
midisong2& = _SndOpen(end$, "memory")
_SndPlay midisong2&
Sleep 4
End
Function MidiNotes$ (tempo&, patch, notes$, channel)
'--------------------------------------------
'Returns MIDI data suitable for MIDI playback
'--------------------------------------------
'tempo& = tempo of the midi
'patch = program number (sound) to use (0-127)
'note$ = string data of notes to play
'channel = channel for track to use (1 to 16)
'You can play notes like this: "c4e4g4"
'To play notes at the same time you can
'put them in parenthesis: "(c4e4g4)"
'
'You can put duration codes in front of notes.
'Like this play eighth notes: "en c4e4g4"
'
'The following duration strings are allowed:
'
' wn = whole note
' dh = dotted half note
' hn = half note
' dq = dotted quarter
' qn = quarter note
' de = dotted eighth
' en = eighth note
' ds = dotted sixteenth note
' sn = sixteenth note
' ts = 32nd note
'
' rn - rest note - no sound
' (uses the set duration)
'
'You can change volume of notes by using
'values v000 to v127, like "v030c4"
'
'You can switch program sound # track uses.
'Use values p000 to p127, like "p011"
'--------------------------------------------
vol = 127 'default volume
'check and fix channel number here
'(for programming purpose channels are used 0-15)
channel = Fix(channel) - 1
If channel < 0 Then channel = 0
If channel > 15 Then channel = 15
'first, remove any spaces from the string
n2$ = ""
For i = 1 To Len(notes$)
a$ = Mid$(notes$, i, 1): If a$ <> " " Then n2$ = n2$ + a$
Next
notes$ = n2$
'=======================================
'make MIDI Header Chunk (MThd)
MThd$ = "MThd"
MThd$ = MThd$ + Chr$(0) + Chr$(0) + Chr$(0) + Chr$(6) 'header size
MThd$ = MThd$ + Chr$(0) + Chr$(1) 'format type (1)
MThd$ = MThd$ + Chr$(0) + Chr$(1) 'number of tracks (1)
MThd$ = MThd$ + Chr$(1) + Chr$(224) 'division (ticks per quarter note)
'=======================================
'make tempo data to save
'calculate microseconds per beat from tempo& in BPM
MicroSecsPerBeat& = 60000000 \ tempo& 'Converts BPM to microseconds per beat
'get msb/mb/lsb from MicroSecsPerBeat& for saving tempo
'(Midi requires 3 bytes for this info)
msb = (MicroSecsPerBeat& \ 65536) And 255 'most significant byte
middle = (MicroSecsPerBeat& \ 256) And 255 'middle byte
lsb = MicroSecsPerBeat& And 255 'least significant byte
'make the tempo data + the 3 bytes
TrackData$ = Chr$(0) + Chr$(255) + Chr$(81) + Chr$(3) + Chr$(msb) + Chr$(middle) + Chr$(lsb)
'======================================
'set Program number (patch) to use
TrackData$ = TrackData$ + Chr$(0) + Chr$(192 + channel) + Chr$(patch)
'======================================
'define ticks
'Set defaut note duration, get tickdata$
ticks& = 480 'default 480 ticks per quarter note
GoSub GetTickData
'=====================================================
'Load all notes string
'Loop through all notes$ given
For n = 1 To Len(notes$) Step 2
'see if it's a group first ()
If Mid$(notes$, n, 1) = "(" Then
'grab group string of notes until a ) found
group$ = "": count = 0: n = n + 1
Do
g$ = Mid$(notes$, n + count, 1)
If g$ = ")" Then Exit Do Else group$ = group$ + g$: count = count + 1
Loop
'========================
'do group notes here here
notesoff$ = "" ' holding space for turning notes off
For g = 1 To Len(group$) Step 2
b2$ = Mid$(group$, g, 2) 'grab 2 bytes
'must be a note, so get note val
GoSub GetNoteValue
notesoff$ = notesoff$ + Str$(note) 'save this for use
'set Note On: play note value (with velocity 127)
TrackData$ = TrackData$ + Chr$(0) + Chr$(144 + channel) + Chr$(note) + Chr$(vol)
Next
addtick = 0 'only add tickdata once flag
'now send notes off to those above
For g = 1 To Len(notesoff$) Step 2
note = Val(Mid$(notesoff$, g, 2))
'set note off: stop playing note after specified duration
If addtick = 0 Then
'only add tickdata first time around
TrackData$ = TrackData$ + TickData$ + Chr$(128 + channel) + Chr$(note) + Chr$(64)
addtick = 1 'mark we done it
Else
TrackData$ = TrackData$ + Chr$(0) + Chr$(128 + channel) + Chr$(note) + Chr$(64)
End If
Next
n = (n + count - 1) 'update n location
_Continue
End If
'see if it's a volume change
If LCase$(Mid$(notes$, n, 1)) = "v" Then
vol = Int(Val(Mid$(notes$, n + 1, 3)))
If vol < 0 Then vol = 0
If vol > 127 Then vol = 127
n = n + 2: _Continue
End If
'see if it's a program change
If LCase$(Mid$(notes$, n, 1)) = "p" Then
pro = Int(Val(Mid$(notes$, n + 1, 3)))
If pro < 0 Then pro = 0
If pro > 127 Then pro = 127
'set Program number (patch) to use
TrackData$ = TrackData$ + Chr$(0) + Chr$(192 + channel) + Chr$(pro)
n = n + 2: _Continue
End If
'do regular bytes (not a group)
b2$ = Mid$(notes$, n, 2) 'grab 2 bytes
'see if b2$ is a duration change
Select Case LCase$(b2$)
Case "wn", "dh", "hn", "qn", "dq", "de", "en", "ds", "sn", "ts"
'all these values are based on 'ticks per quarter note' = 480
If b2$ = "wn" Then ticks& = 1920 'whole note (4 * tpq)
If b2$ = "dh" Then ticks& = 1440 'dotted half note (3 * tpq)
If b2$ = "hn" Then ticks& = 960 'half note (2 * tpq)
If b2$ = "dq" Then ticks& = 720 'dotted quarter (1.5 * tpq )
If b2$ = "qn" Then ticks& = 480 'quarter note
If b2$ = "de" Then ticks& = 360 'dotted eighth (.75 * tpq)
If b2$ = "en" Then ticks& = 240 'eighth note (.5 * tpq)
If b2$ = "ds" Then ticks& = 180 'dotted sixteenth note (sn + (.5 * sn)
If b2$ = "sn" Then ticks& = 120 'sixteenth note (.25 * tpq)
If b2$ = "ts" Then ticks& = 60 '32nd notes (1 / 8) * tpq
GoSub GetTickData
_Continue
End Select
'check for a rest note, handle special
If LCase$(Mid$(notes$, n, 2)) = "rn" Then
'(play any note at zero volume? (this just fakes a rest)
'TrackData$ = TrackData$ + Chr$(0) + Chr$(144 + channel) + Chr$(22) + Chr$(0)
'set rest note off: stop playing note after specified duration
TrackData$ = TrackData$ + TickData$ + Chr$(128 + channel) + Chr$(note) + Chr$(64)
_Continue
End If
'must be a note, so get note val
GoSub GetNoteValue
'================================
'set Note On: play note value (with velocity 127)
TrackData$ = TrackData$ + Chr$(0) + Chr$(144 + channel) + Chr$(note) + Chr$(vol)
'===============================
'set note off: stop playing note after specified duration
TrackData$ = TrackData$ + TickData$ + Chr$(128 + channel) + Chr$(note) + Chr$(64)
'================================
Next
'============================
'SAVE TRACK DATA
'make the MTrk header
MTrk$ = "MTrk"
'make track end event
TrackData$ = TrackData$ + Chr$(0) + Chr$(255) + Chr$(47) + Chr$(0)
'make the track data length (4 bytes)
TrackLen& = Len(TrackData$)
TrackLength$ = Chr$((TrackLen& \ 16777216) And 255) + Chr$((TrackLen& \ 65536) And 255) + Chr$((TrackLen& \ 256) And 255) + Chr$(TrackLen& And 255)
'============================
'put it all together
MidiNotes$ = MThd$ + MTrk$ + TrackLength$ + TrackData$
Exit Function
'====================================================================================
'GOSUBS...Like'em or not, they're here to use.
' (keeping eveything in one FUNCTION)
'=============================================
GetTickData:
'==========
'convert ticks& to variable length quantity (VLQ)
TickData$ = ""
If ticks& = 0 Then
TickData$ = Chr$(0) 'safety, in case ticks& = 0
Else
Do
byte& = ticks& And &H7F
ticks& = ticks& \ 128
If TickData$ <> "" Then byte& = byte& Or &H80
TickData$ = Chr$(byte&) + TickData$
Loop While ticks& <> 0
End If
Return
'============================================
GetNoteValue:
'===========
'Gets a note value from b2$
note = 0 'safety defaut
If b2$ = "a0" Then note = 21
If b2$ = "A0" Then note = 22
If b2$ = "b0" Then note = 23
If b2$ = "c1" Then note = 24
If b2$ = "C1" Then note = 25
If b2$ = "d1" Then note = 26
If b2$ = "D1" Then note = 27
If b2$ = "e1" Then note = 28
If b2$ = "f1" Then note = 29
If b2$ = "F1" Then note = 30
If b2$ = "g1" Then note = 31
If b2$ = "G1" Then note = 32
If b2$ = "a1" Then note = 33
If b2$ = "A1" Then note = 34
If b2$ = "b1" Then note = 35
If b2$ = "c2" Then note = 36
If b2$ = "C2" Then note = 37
If b2$ = "d2" Then note = 38
If b2$ = "D2" Then note = 39
If b2$ = "e2" Then note = 40
If b2$ = "f2" Then note = 41
If b2$ = "F2" Then note = 42
If b2$ = "g2" Then note = 43
If b2$ = "G2" Then note = 44
If b2$ = "a2" Then note = 45
If b2$ = "A2" Then note = 46
If b2$ = "b2" Then note = 47
If b2$ = "c3" Then note = 48
If b2$ = "C3" Then note = 49
If b2$ = "d3" Then note = 50
If b2$ = "D3" Then note = 51
If b2$ = "e3" Then note = 52
If b2$ = "f3" Then note = 53
If b2$ = "F3" Then note = 54
If b2$ = "g3" Then note = 55
If b2$ = "G3" Then note = 56
If b2$ = "a3" Then note = 57
If b2$ = "A3" Then note = 58
If b2$ = "b3" Then note = 59
If b2$ = "c4" Then note = 60
If b2$ = "C4" Then note = 61
If b2$ = "d4" Then note = 62
If b2$ = "D4" Then note = 63
If b2$ = "e4" Then note = 64
If b2$ = "f4" Then note = 65
If b2$ = "F4" Then note = 66
If b2$ = "g4" Then note = 67
If b2$ = "G4" Then note = 68
If b2$ = "a4" Then note = 69
If b2$ = "A4" Then note = 70
If b2$ = "b4" Then note = 71
If b2$ = "c5" Then note = 72
If b2$ = "C5" Then note = 73
If b2$ = "d5" Then note = 74
If b2$ = "D5" Then note = 75
If b2$ = "e5" Then note = 76
If b2$ = "f5" Then note = 77
If b2$ = "F5" Then note = 78
If b2$ = "g5" Then note = 79
If b2$ = "G5" Then note = 80
If b2$ = "a5" Then note = 81
If b2$ = "A5" Then note = 82
If b2$ = "b5" Then note = 83
If b2$ = "c6" Then note = 84
If b2$ = "C6" Then note = 85
If b2$ = "d6" Then note = 86
If b2$ = "D6" Then note = 87
If b2$ = "e6" Then note = 88
If b2$ = "f6" Then note = 89
If b2$ = "F6" Then note = 90
If b2$ = "g6" Then note = 91
If b2$ = "G6" Then note = 92
If b2$ = "a6" Then note = 93
If b2$ = "A6" Then note = 94
If b2$ = "b6" Then note = 95
If b2$ = "c7" Then note = 96
If b2$ = "C7" Then note = 97
If b2$ = "d7" Then note = 98
If b2$ = "D7" Then note = 99
If b2$ = "e7" Then note = 100
If b2$ = "f7" Then note = 101
If b2$ = "F7" Then note = 102
If b2$ = "g7" Then note = 103
If b2$ = "G7" Then note = 104
If b2$ = "a7" Then note = 105
If b2$ = "A7" Then note = 106
If b2$ = "b7" Then note = 107
If b2$ = "c8" Then note = 108
Return
End Function