Posts: 41
Threads: 8
Joined: Jul 2025
Reputation:
7
Hi,
Here is a new program under Linux that retrieves the keycode of the pressed key and translates it into keysym and Unicode.
Code: (Select All)
' ========================================================================================
' This program is designed to manage the X11 keymap and interpret keyboard input,
' specifically focusing on printing the Unicode characters of pressed keys.
'
' It retrieves the current keymap using the xmodmap command, parses keycodes and
' their corresponding keysyms, and stores this information in structured data types.
'
' By tracking modifier states, the program accurately maps key events to their Unicode
' representations, allowing it to output the correct characters and their names to the
' console when keys are pressed.
'
' You can test this program after changing the keyboard language with setxkbmap.
'
' This program read raw keyboard events directly from a Linux input device file, typically
' located at `/dev/input/event0`. Modify keyboardFileName$ to change input device file.
'
' It is a low-level approach that bypasses standard input methods to capture every key
' press, release, and repeat event.
' ========================================================================================
' Structure to hold the current X11 keymap
type keymapType
keycode as _unsigned _byte ' xmodmap keycode adjusted (stored as keycode - 8)
keysym2 as string ' keysym for level 1 (no modifier)
name2 as string ' human-readable name for keysym2
keysym3 as string ' keysym for level 2 (Shift)
name3 as string ' human-readable name for keysym3
keysym4 as string ' keysym for level 3 (AltGr / Mode_switch)
name4 as string ' human-readable name for keysym4
keysym5 as string ' keysym for level 4 (Shift + AltGr)
name5 as string ' human-readable name for keysym5
end type
' Structure to hold a keysym definition parsed from keysymdef.h
type keysymdefType
symname as string ' The keysym name (e.g. "XK_A" without the "XK_" prefix in this code)
symcode as string ' The keysym constant value as found in the header (e.g. "0xff41")
unicode as string ' Optional Unicode mapping token (e.g. "U+0061") if present
end type
$console
_dest _console
' Execute the system command "xmodmap -pk" to get the current X11 keymap
' and extract keycodes, keysyms or names
shell "xmodmap -pk > ./keyboardWithXmodmap.tmp"
content$ = _readfile$("./keyboardWithXmodmap.tmp")
kill "./keyboardWithXmodmap.tmp"
redim xmodmap$(0)
split content$, _STR_NAT_EOL, xmodmap$()
clean xmodmap$()
dim keymap(8 to 255) as keymapType
for i%=3 to ubound(xmodmap$)
replace xmodmap$(i%), chr$(9), chr$(32)
redim keyCodeAndSym$(0)
split xmodmap$(i%), " ", keyCodeAndSym$()
k% = val(keyCodeAndSym$(0))
keymap(k%).keycode = k% - 8
if ubound(keyCodeAndSym$)>5 then
keymap(k%).keysym2 = keyCodeAndSym$(5)
keymap(k%).name2 = keyCodeAndSym$(6)
end if
if ubound(keyCodeAndSym$)>7 then
keymap(k%).keysym3 = keyCodeAndSym$(7)
keymap(k%).name3 = keyCodeAndSym$(8)
end if
if ubound(keyCodeAndSym$)>9 then
keymap(k%).keysym4 = keyCodeAndSym$(9)
keymap(k%).name4 = keyCodeAndSym$(10)
end if
if ubound(keyCodeAndSym$)>11 then
keymap(k%).keysym5 = keyCodeAndSym$(11)
keymap(k%).name5 = keyCodeAndSym$(12)
end if
next i%
' Get X11 keysym definitions from /usr/include/X11/keysymdef.h into ks() array
dim ks(2200) as keysymdefType
l% = 1
open "/usr/include/X11/keysymdef.h" for input as #1
do while not eof(1)
line input #1, content$
redim r$(0)
split content$, " ", r$()
if ubound(r$) = 0 then _continue
if left$(r$(lbound(r$)),7) <> "#define" then _continue
ks(l%).symname = mid$(r$(lbound(r$)+1),4)
ks(l%).symcode = r$(lbound(r$)+2)
for i% = lbound(r$)+3 to ubound(r$)
if left$(r$(i%),2) = "U+" then ks(l%).unicode = r$(i%)
next i%
l% = l% + 1
loop
close #1
screen _NewImage(1024,768,32)
' load the first monospace font
shell "fc-list  pacing=100tyle=bold:lang=fr | head -n 1 | cut -d: -f1 > ./keyboardWithXmodmap.tmp"
open "./keyboardWithXmodmap.tmp" for input as #1
line input #1, fontFile$
close #1
kill "./keyboardWithXmodmap.tmp"
DIM fh AS LONG:
fh = _loadfont(fontFile$,24)
IF fh <= 0 THEN
$console
_dest _console
PRINT "Failed to load font file!"
_dest 0
END
END IF
_FONT fh
' Reads 24-byte event structures from the specified device file.
'
' It filters for key-related events and then determines if the event is a key press (DOWN_DETECTED),
' a key release (UP_DETECTED), or an auto-repeat (REPEAT_DETECTED).
'
' It specifically tracks the state of modifier keys (Left Shift, Right Shift, and Right Alt)
' to correctly interpret the character generated by other key presses.
'
' When a non-modifier key is pressed, it uses the key's scancode combined with the current state
' of the modifiers to look up the appropriate keysym and character name from a `keymap` array (not defined in this snippet).
'
' The resulting information is then printed to the window.
const KEY_EVENT = &h01
const UP_DETECTED = 0
const DOWN_DETECTED = 1
const REPEAT_DETECTED = 2
const KEY_LEFTSHIFT = 42
const KEY_RIGHTSHIFT = 54
const KEY_RIGHTALT = 100
dim aByte(24) as _unsigned _byte
keyboardFileName$ = "/dev/input/event0"
open keyboardFileName$ for binary as #1
print "keycode", "keysym", "unicode", "char.", "name"
p% = 1
do
get #1, , aByte(p%)
if (p% MOD 24) = 0 then
if aByte(17) = KEY_EVENT then
select case aByte(21)
case UP_DETECTED
select case aByte(19)
case KEY_LEFTSHIFT :
modifiers = modifiers and not 1
case KEY_RIGHTSHIFT :
modifiers = modifiers and not 1
case KEY_RIGHTALT :
modifiers = modifiers and not 2
end select
case DOWN_DETECTED
if aByte(19) = 1 then exit do ' Exit on ESC key down
select case aByte(19)
case KEY_LEFTSHIFT :
modifiers = modifiers or 1
case KEY_RIGHTSHIFT :
modifiers = modifiers or 1
case KEY_RIGHTALT :
modifiers = modifiers or 2
case else:
k% = aByte(19)+8
select case modifiers
case 0 :
printData keymap(k%).keycode, keymap(k%).keysym2, keymap(k%).name2, ks()
case 1 :
printData keymap(k%).keycode, keymap(k%).keysym3, keymap(k%).name3, ks()
case 2 :
printData keymap(k%).keycode, keymap(k%).keysym4, keymap(k%).name4, ks()
case 3 :
printData keymap(k%).keycode, keymap(k%).keysym5, keymap(k%).name5, ks()
end select
end select
case REPEAT_DETECTED
if SHOW_ME_REPETITION then
print " REPEAT ", aByte(19)
end if
end select
end if
p% = 0
end if
p% = p% + 1
loop
system
' print keycode, keysym, unicode, character, character name
sub printData (keycode, keysym as string, keyname as string, ks() as keysymdefType)
if keysym = "" then
print keycode, space$(8), space$(8), space$(8), keyname
end if
uc$ = _trim$(searchKeysym(ks(),keysym))
unicode = val("&H"+mid$(uc$,3))
if unicode > 0 then
_mapunicode unicode to &HFF
print keycode, keysym, uc$, chr$(&HFF), keyname
else
print keycode, keysym, space$(8), space$(8), keyname
end if
end sub
' search keysym to get the unicode equivalent
function searchKeysym$ (ks() as keysymdefType, keysym as string)
res$ = ""
for i% = lbound(ks) to ubound(ks)
if ks(i%).symcode = keysym then
res$ = ks(i%).unicode
exit for
end if
next i%
searchKeysym = res$
end function
' split string using a delimiter
Sub split (in$, delimiter$, result$())
ReDim result$(-1)
dim start, finish
start = 1
Do
While Mid$(in$, start, 1) = delimiter$
start = start + 1
If start > Len(in$) Then Exit Sub
Wend
finish = InStr(start, in$, delimiter$)
If finish = 0 Then finish = Len(in$) + 1
ReDim _Preserve result$(0 To UBound(result$) + 1)
result$(UBound(result$)) = Mid$(in$, start, finish - start)
start = finish + 1
Loop While start <= Len(in$)
End Sub
' clean array of string
sub clean (result$())
dim i%
for i% = lbound(result$) to ubound(result$)
if right$(result$(i%),1) = chr$(13) then
result$(i%) = left$(result$(i%),len(result$(i%))-1)
end if
next i%
end sub
' replace findString with replaceString into myString
sub replace (myString$, findString$, replaceString$)
start% = 1
do
position% = INSTR(start%, myString$, findString$)
IF position% THEN
MID$(myString$, position%, len(findString$)) = replaceString$
start% = position% + 1
END IF
loop until position% = 0
end sub
Posts: 18
Threads: 2
Joined: Apr 2022
Reputation:
1
(08-21-2025, 10:01 PM)Herve Wrote: Here is a new program under Linux that retrieves the keycode of the pressed key and translates it into keysym and Unicode. Very, very cool! Thanks for sharing this!
Question: Can something like this be done for the terminal, for instance, in an xterm?
I would love to be able to read "missing keys" there, such as ctrl-0, difference between enter and ctrl-m, backspace and ctrl-h, tab and ctrl-i, and so on.
Any ideas?
Thank you.
Posts: 188
Threads: 14
Joined: May 2024
Reputation:
20
it will have to be tested in wayland session. especially in gnome or kde.
because many things are done already. for wayland compositor. to avoid the "security problems allowed by x11." this has been an excuse i've kept reading in various forms. for supporting wayland over "legacy."
i have used (tested) a fair amount of linux distributions. most of them based on debian. so i have noticed a transition from "synclient" to "xinput"/"libinput" to handle touchpad. i have a computer which is almost 15 years old. started with windows8 installed on it. now has windows10. rarely go into it anymore. instead into debian 12 with mate desktop. especially if i want to use kde plasma instead. "synclient" is not expected to be installed. but it is expected. for example on mx linux with fluxbox. or on anything with lxde. it's becoming a bit of a mess on lxqt. especially if it's not debian's. which uses xfce's window manager. instead of openbox. for example on opensuse. lxqt uses openbox. which then creates an issue. requiring the user to decide between "synclient" and "xinput." but this is only about the touchpad.
handling the keyboard. for example to tell "ctrl+m" from "enter" could be a dangerous proposition on an unix descendant. that's what the "security pundits" in favor of wayland. and for totally trashing "x11" would tell you now.
Posts: 41
Threads: 8
Joined: Jul 2025
Reputation:
7
Hi,
Here is a version that takes into account the Ctrl and Caps Lock keys.
I have also added console output in addition to the application window.
@Ed Davis
As for the possibility of launching the application in xterm, yes, it works, but you must first launch xterm with a TTF font that contains the Unicode glyphs. For example:
Code: (Select All) xterm -fa 'Liberation Mono' -fs 10
@hsiangch_ong
Regarding Wayland, I will test it when I have access to a virtual machine.
Code: (Select All) ' ========================================================================================
' This program is designed to manage the X11 keymap and interpret keyboard input,
' specifically focusing on printing the Unicode characters of pressed keys.
'
' It retrieves the current keymap using the xmodmap command, parses keycodes and
' their corresponding keysyms, and stores this information in structured data types.
'
' By tracking modifier states, the program accurately maps key events to their Unicode
' representations, allowing it to displau the correct characters and their names
' when keys are pressed.
'
' You can test this program after changing the keyboard language with setxkbmap.
'
' This program read raw keyboard events directly from a Linux input device file, typically
' located at `/dev/input/event0`. Modify keyboardFileName$ to change input device file.
'
' It is a low-level approach that bypasses standard input methods to capture every key
' press, release, and repeat event.
' ========================================================================================
' Structure to hold the current X11 keymap
type keymapType
keycode as _unsigned _byte ' xmodmap keycode adjusted (stored as keycode - 8)
keysym2 as string ' keysym for level 1 (no modifier)
name2 as string ' human-readable name for keysym2
keysym3 as string ' keysym for level 2 (Shift)
name3 as string ' human-readable name for keysym3
keysym4 as string ' keysym for level 3 (AltGr / Mode_switch)
name4 as string ' human-readable name for keysym4
keysym5 as string ' keysym for level 4 (Shift + AltGr)
name5 as string ' human-readable name for keysym5
end type
' Structure to hold a keysym definition parsed from keysymdef.h
type keysymdefType
symname as string ' The keysym name (e.g. "XK_A" without the "XK_" prefix in this code)
symcode as string ' The keysym constant value as found in the header (e.g. "0xff41")
unicode as string ' Optional Unicode mapping token (e.g. "U+0061") if present
end type
$console
_dest _console
' Execute the system command "xmodmap -pk" to get the current X11 keymap
' and extract keycodes, keysyms or names
shell "xmodmap -pk > ./keyboardWithXmodmap.tmp"
content$ = _readfile$("./keyboardWithXmodmap.tmp")
kill "./keyboardWithXmodmap.tmp"
redim xmodmap$(0)
split content$, _STR_NAT_EOL, xmodmap$()
clean xmodmap$()
dim keymap(8 to 255) as keymapType
for i%=3 to ubound(xmodmap$)
replace xmodmap$(i%), chr$(9), chr$(32)
redim keyCodeAndSym$(0)
split xmodmap$(i%), " ", keyCodeAndSym$()
k% = val(keyCodeAndSym$(0))
keymap(k%).keycode = k% - 8
if ubound(keyCodeAndSym$)>5 then
keymap(k%).keysym2 = keyCodeAndSym$(5)
keymap(k%).name2 = keyCodeAndSym$(6)
end if
if ubound(keyCodeAndSym$)>7 then
keymap(k%).keysym3 = keyCodeAndSym$(7)
keymap(k%).name3 = keyCodeAndSym$(8)
end if
if ubound(keyCodeAndSym$)>9 then
keymap(k%).keysym4 = keyCodeAndSym$(9)
keymap(k%).name4 = keyCodeAndSym$(10)
end if
if ubound(keyCodeAndSym$)>11 then
keymap(k%).keysym5 = keyCodeAndSym$(11)
keymap(k%).name5 = keyCodeAndSym$(12)
end if
next i%
' Get X11 keysym definitions from /usr/include/X11/keysymdef.h into ks() array
dim ks(2200) as keysymdefType
l% = 1
open "/usr/include/X11/keysymdef.h" for input as #1
do while not eof(1)
line input #1, content$
redim r$(0)
split content$, " ", r$()
if ubound(r$) = 0 then _continue
if left$(r$(lbound(r$)),7) <> "#define" then _continue
ks(l%).symname = mid$(r$(lbound(r$)+1),4)
ks(l%).symcode = r$(lbound(r$)+2)
for i% = lbound(r$)+3 to ubound(r$)
if left$(r$(i%),2) = "U+" then ks(l%).unicode = r$(i%)
next i%
l% = l% + 1
loop
close #1
' Get Caps Lock status
shell "xset -q | sed -n 's/^.*Caps Lock:\s*\(\S*\).*$/\1/p' > ./keyboardWithXmodmap.tmp"
open "./keyboardWithXmodmap.tmp" for input as #1
line input #1, content$
close #1
kill "./keyboardWithXmodmap.tmp"
if _trim$(content$) = "off" then
capsOn = 0
modifiers = 0
additionals = 0
else
capsOn = 1
modifiers = 256
additionals = 256
end if
' main window
screen _NewImage(1024,768,32)
' load the first monospace font
shell "fc-list :spacing=100:style=bold:lang=fr | head -n 1 | cut -d: -f1 > ./keyboardWithXmodmap.tmp"
open "./keyboardWithXmodmap.tmp" for input as #1
line input #1, fontFile$
close #1
kill "./keyboardWithXmodmap.tmp"
DIM fh AS LONG:
fh = _loadfont(fontFile$,16)
IF fh <= 0 THEN
$console
_dest _console
PRINT "Failed to load font file!"
_dest 0
END
END IF
_FONT fh
' Reads 24-byte event structures from the specified device file.
'
' It filters for key-related events and then determines if the event is a key press (DOWN_DETECTED),
' a key release (UP_DETECTED), or an auto-repeat (REPEAT_DETECTED).
'
' It specifically tracks the state of modifier keys (Left Shift, Right Shift, and Right Alt)
' to correctly interpret the character generated by other key presses.
'
' When a non-modifier key is pressed, it uses the key's scancode combined with the current state
' of the modifiers to look up the appropriate keysym and character name from a `keymap` array (not defined in this snippet).
'
' The resulting information is then printed to the window.
const KEY_EVENT = &h01
const UP_DETECTED = 0
const DOWN_DETECTED = 1
const REPEAT_DETECTED = 2
' modifier keys
const KEY_LEFTSHIFT = 42
const KEY_RIGHTSHIFT = 54
const KEY_RIGHTALT = 100
' additional modifier keys
const KEY_LEFTALT = 56
const KEY_LEFTCONTROL = 29
const KEY_RIGHTCONTROL = 97
const KEY_LEFTSUPER = 125
const KEY_RIGHTSUPER = 126
const KEY_CAPITAL = 58
dim aByte(24) as _unsigned _byte
keyboardFileName$ = "/dev/input/event0"
open keyboardFileName$ for binary as #1
print "keycode", "keysym", "unicode", "char.", "name"
p% = 1
do
get #1, , aByte(p%)
if (p% MOD 24) = 0 then
if aByte(17) = KEY_EVENT then
select case aByte(21)
case UP_DETECTED
select case aByte(19)
case KEY_LEFTSHIFT :
modifiers = modifiers and not 1
additionals = additionals and not 1
case KEY_RIGHTSHIFT :
modifiers = modifiers and not 1
additionals = additionals and not 2
case KEY_LEFTALT :
additionals = additionals and not 4
case KEY_RIGHTALT :
modifiers = modifiers and not 2
additionals = additionals and not 8
case KEY_LEFTCONTROL :
additionals = additionals and not 16
case KEY_RIGHTCONTROL :
additionals = additionals and not 32
case KEY_LEFTSUPER :
additionals = additionals and not 64
case KEY_RIGHTSUPER :
additionals = additionals and not 128
end select
case DOWN_DETECTED
if aByte(19) = 1 then exit do ' Exit on ESC key down
select case aByte(19)
case KEY_LEFTSHIFT :
modifiers = modifiers or 1
additionals = additionals or 1
case KEY_RIGHTSHIFT :
modifiers = modifiers or 1
additionals = additionals or 2
case KEY_LEFTALT :
additionals = additionals or 4
case KEY_RIGHTALT :
modifiers = modifiers or 2
additionals = additionals or 8
case KEY_LEFTCONTROL :
additionals = additionals or 16
case KEY_RIGHTCONTROL :
additionals = additionals or 32
case KEY_LEFTSUPER :
additionals = additionals or 64
case KEY_RIGHTSUPER :
additionals = additionals or 128
case KEY_CAPITAL :
capsOn = 1 - capsOn
if capsOn = 0 then
modifiers = modifiers and not 256
additionals = additionals and not 256
else
modifiers = modifiers or 256
additionals = additionals or 256
end if
case else:
k% = aByte(19)+8
baseKeysym$ = keymap(k%).keysym2
if modifiers = 0 then
keysym$ = keymap(k%).keysym2
name$ = keymap(k%).name2
elseif (modifiers and 256) > 0 then
if (modifiers and 1) > 0 then ' caps lock + shift = nocaps
keysym$ = keymap(k%).keysym2
name$ = keymap(k%).name2
else ' caps lock + no shift = caps
keysym$ = keymap(k%).keysym3
name$ = keymap(k%).name3
end if
elseif modifiers = 1 then ' shift alone
keysym$ = keymap(k%).keysym3
name$ = keymap(k%).name3
elseif modifiers = 2 then 'altgr
keysym$ = keymap(k%).keysym4
name$ = keymap(k%).name4
elseif modifiers = 3 then ' shift+ altgr
keysym$ = keymap(k%).keysym5
name$ = keymap(k%).name5
end if
additional$ = ""
if (additionals and 1) > 0 then additional$ = additional$ + "LShift + "
if (additionals and 2) > 0 then additional$ = additional$ + "RShift + "
if (additionals and 4) > 0 then additional$ = additional$ + "Alt + "
if (additionals and 8) > 0 then additional$ = additional$ + "AltGr + "
if (additionals and 16) > 0 then additional$ = additional$ + "LCtrl + "
if (additionals and 32) > 0 then additional$ = additional$ + "RCtrl + "
if (additionals and 64) > 0 then additional$ = additional$ + "LSuper + "
if (additionals and 128) > 0 then additional$ = additional$ + "RSuper + "
if (additionals and 256) > 0 then additional$ = "Caps Lock + " + additional$
printData keymap(k%).keycode, keysym$, name$, ks(), additional$, baseKeysym$
end select
case REPEAT_DETECTED
if SHOW_ME_REPETITION then
print " REPEAT ", aByte(19)
end if
end select
end if
p% = 0
end if
p% = p% + 1
loop
system
sub printData (keycode, keysym as string, keyname as string, ks() as keysymdefType, ad as string, baseKeysym as string)
if keysym = "" then
_dest _console
print keycode, space$(8), space$(8), space$(8), keyname
_dest 0
print keycode, space$(8), space$(8), space$(8), keyname
end if
base$ = Utf8FromCodepoint(val("&H"+mid$(_trim$(searchKeysym(ks(),baseKeysym)),3)))
uc$ = _trim$(searchKeysym(ks(),keysym))
unicode = val("&H"+mid$(uc$,3))
if unicode > 0 then
_mapunicode unicode to &HFF
u$ = Utf8FromCodepoint(unicode)
if ad <> "" then
_dest _console
print keycode, keysym, uc$, u$, keyname, ad; base$
_dest 0
print keycode, keysym, uc$, chr$(&HFF), keyname, ad; base$
else
_dest _console
print keycode, keysym, uc$, u$, keyname
_dest 0
print keycode, keysym, uc$, chr$(&HFF), keyname
end if
else
if ad <> "" then
_dest _console
print keycode, keysym, space$(8), space$(8), keyname, ad; base$
_dest 0
print keycode, keysym, space$(8), space$(8), keyname, ad; base$
else
_dest _console
print keycode, keysym, space$(8), space$(8), keyname
_dest 0
print keycode, keysym, space$(8), space$(8), keyname
end if
end if
end sub
' print keycode, keysym, unicode, character, character name
sub printData2 (keycode, keysym as string, keyname as string, ks() as keysymdefType, ad as string)
if keysym = "" then
print keycode, space$(8), space$(8), space$(8), keyname
end if
uc$ = _trim$(searchKeysym(ks(),keysym))
unicode = val("&H"+mid$(uc$,3))
if unicode > 0 then
_mapunicode unicode to &HFF
if ad <> "" then
print keycode, keysym, uc$, chr$(&HFF), keyname, ad ; chr$(&HFF)
else
print keycode, keysym, uc$, chr$(&HFF), keyname
end if
else
if ad <> "" then
print keycode, keysym, space$(8), space$(8), keyname, ad ; keyname
else
print keycode, keysym, space$(8), space$(8), keyname
end if
end if
end sub
' search keysym to get the unicode equivalent
function searchKeysym$ (ks() as keysymdefType, keysym as string)
res$ = ""
for i% = lbound(ks) to ubound(ks)
if ks(i%).symcode = keysym then
res$ = ks(i%).unicode
exit for
end if
next i%
searchKeysym = res$
end function
' split string using a delimiter
Sub split (in$, delimiter$, result$())
ReDim result$(-1)
dim start, finish
start = 1
Do
While Mid$(in$, start, 1) = delimiter$
start = start + 1
If start > Len(in$) Then Exit Sub
Wend
finish = InStr(start, in$, delimiter$)
If finish = 0 Then finish = Len(in$) + 1
ReDim _Preserve result$(0 To UBound(result$) + 1)
result$(UBound(result$)) = Mid$(in$, start, finish - start)
start = finish + 1
Loop While start <= Len(in$)
End Sub
' clean array of string
sub clean (result$())
dim i%
for i% = lbound(result$) to ubound(result$)
if right$(result$(i%),1) = chr$(13) then
result$(i%) = left$(result$(i%),len(result$(i%))-1)
end if
next i%
end sub
' replace findString with replaceString into myString
sub replace (myString$, findString$, replaceString$)
start% = 1
do
position% = INSTR(start%, myString$, findString$)
IF position% THEN
MID$(myString$, position%, len(findString$)) = replaceString$
start% = position% + 1
END IF
loop until position% = 0
end sub
function Utf8FromCodepoint$ (cp as _unsigned LONG)
if cp <= &H7F then
Utf8FromCodepoint$ = chr$(cp)
elseif cp <= &H7FF then
Utf8FromCodepoint$ = chr$(&HC0 or _shr(cp,6)) _
+ chr$(&H80 or (cp and &H3F))
elseif cp <= &HFFFF then
Utf8FromCodepoint$ = chr$(&HE0 or _shr(cp,12)) _
+ chr$(&H80 or (_shr(cp,6) and &H3F)) _
+ chr$(&H80 or (cp and &H3F))
else
Utf8FromCodepoint$ = chr$(&HF0 or _shr(cp,18)) _
+ chr$(&H80 or (_shr(cp,12) and &H3F)) _
+ chr$(&H80 or (_shr(cp,6) and &H3F)) _
+ chr$(&H80 or (cp and &H3F))
end if
end function
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