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Joined: May 2022
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I've been wanting this for a really long time. A program that creates a valid AVI format with sound. The following program only creates (does not play) an uncompressed AVI file, which also contains uncompressed stereo audio. For this reason, prepare about 180 megabytes of free disk space for the test. I think it's already quite complicated, so if I add compression to it, it would be much more complicated. I will deal with compression, but I don't know how far I will get, because I encounter many obstacles.
I must warn you that Windows Media Player blurs the image due to the player's internal filters, VLC player has the best outputs. MPC-HC plays it too, but it rotates the image. I can rotate the image in AVI, but then it is rotated again in Windows Media Player and in VLC. It's kind of a beginning... and also an extreme. First I deal with compression in GIF and save every byte and now tens of MegaBytes are no big deal...
It's uncompressed, so expect a data rate somewhere around 60 megabytes per second. QB64PE can handle that speed just fine.
Code: (Select All)
' Program creates an uncompressed AVI file with uncompressed animation and uncompressed audio.
' The uncompressed format is easier to understand, though I discovered that the AVI file itself
' is a topic suitable for psychiatry... 
' -------------------------
' Structure Definitions
' -------------------------
Type AVIMainHeader
microSecPerFrame As Long ' Microseconds per frame
maxBytesPerSec As Long ' Maximum data rate
paddingGranularity As Long ' Padding granularity
flags As Long ' AVI flags (e.g., HASINDEX)
totalFrames As Long ' Total number of frames in the video
initialFrames As Long ' Initial frames (typically 0)
streams As Long ' Number of streams (video, audio, etc.)
suggestedBufferSize As Long ' Suggested buffer size for playback
width As Long ' Video width in pixels
height As Long ' Video height in pixels
reserved As String * 16 ' Reserved bytes (set to 0)
End Type
Type AVIStreamHeader
fccType As String * 4 ' Stream type (e.g., "vids" or "auds")
fccHandler As String * 4 ' Codec handler (e.g., "DIB " for uncompressed video)
flags As Long ' Stream flags
priority As Integer ' Priority (unused)
language As Integer ' Language code (unused)
initialFrames As Long ' Initial frames (unused)
scale As Long ' Time scale for the stream
rate As Long ' Data rate (scale/rate = FPS for video)
start As Long ' Start time (usually 0)
length As Long ' Length of the stream (in time units)
suggestedBufferSize As Long ' Suggested buffer size for the stream
quality As Long ' Quality indicator (-1 for default)
sampleSize As Long ' Sample size (0 for video, nonzero for audio)
frameLeft As Long ' For video: left coordinate of the source rectangle
frameTop As Long ' For video: top coordinate of the source rectangle
frameRight As Long ' For video: right coordinate of the source rectangle
frameBottom As Long ' For video: bottom coordinate of the source rectangle
End Type
Type BITMAPINFOHEADER
size As Long ' Size of this header (40 bytes)
width As Long ' Width of the image in pixels
height As Long ' Height of the image (negative for top–down)
planes As Integer ' Number of color planes (must be 1)
bitCount As Integer ' Bits per pixel (24 for 24-bit, 32 for 32-bit)
compression As Long ' Compression method (0 = BI_RGB for uncompressed)
sizeImage As Long ' Size of the image data in bytes
xPelsPerMeter As Long ' Horizontal resolution (pixels per meter)
yPelsPerMeter As Long ' Vertical resolution (pixels per meter)
clrUsed As Long ' Number of colors used (0 = all)
clrImportant As Long ' Number of important colors (0 = all)
End Type
Type WAVEFORMATEX
wFormatTag As Integer ' Audio format code (1 = PCM)
nChannels As Integer ' Number of audio channels (2 for stereo)
nSamplesPerSec As Long ' Sample rate in Hz
nAvgBytesPerSec As Long ' Average bytes per second
nBlockAlign As Integer ' Block alignment in bytes
wBitsPerSample As Integer ' Bits per sample (16 for 16-bit PCM)
cbSize As Integer ' Extra size (0 for PCM)
End Type
' -------------------------
' Video Constants
' -------------------------
Const vidFPS = 30 ' Frames per second for the video
Const bytesPerPixel = 4 ' Each pixel in 32-bit image (BGRA) takes 4 bytes
' -------------------------
' Video Parameters
' -------------------------
Dim numFrames As Long: numFrames = 90 ' 90 frames = 3 seconds of video
Dim frameWidth As Long: frameWidth = 800 ' Video width in pixels
Dim frameHeight As Long: frameHeight = 600 ' Video height in pixels
Dim frameSize As Long: frameSize = frameWidth * frameHeight * bytesPerPixel ' Total size of one 32-bit frame
' -------------------------
' Create Test Frame Array
' -------------------------
Dim Frames(1 To numFrames) As String
Dim i As Long, s As String, sm As _MEM
s = Space$(frameSize)
$If WIN Then
pad$ = "\"
$Else
pad$ = "/"
$End If
fn$ = _CWD$ + pad$ + "VideoTest.avi"
Print "Generating file "; fn$
preDest = _Dest ' Save current destination settings
For i = 1 To numFrames
Dim img As Long, img2 As Long
img2 = _NewImage(frameWidth, frameHeight, 32)
_Dest img2 ' Set current destination to img2
Cls ' Set not transparent background in frame
_PrintMode _KeepBackground
' Draw 100 random colored lines
For x = 1 To 100
Line (Rnd * 50, Rnd * 50)-(Rnd * 750, Rnd * 550), _RGB32(Rnd * 255, Rnd * 255, Rnd * 255), B
Next
' Print frame number text at a fixed position
_PrintString (350, 250), "Video Frame " + Str$(i), img2
img = _NewImage(frameWidth, frameHeight, 32)
' For VLC Player use this line:
' _PutImage (0, 0), img2, img, (0, frameHeight)-(frameWidth, 0)
' For WMP, MPC-HC Player use:
_PutImage (0, 0), img2, img
_FreeImage img2
sm = _MemImage(img)
_MemGet sm, sm.OFFSET, s
_MemFree sm
_FreeImage img
Frames(i) = s ' Store frame data as string
Next i
_Dest preDest ' Restore previous destination
' -------------------------
' Simulate Audio
' -------------------------
Dim sampleRate As Long: sampleRate = 44100 ' Audio sample rate in Hz
Dim totalSeconds As Long: totalSeconds = numFrames \ vidFPS ' Duration of video in seconds
Dim totalSamplesPerChannel As Long: totalSamplesPerChannel = totalSeconds * sampleRate
Dim totalSamples As Long: totalSamples = totalSamplesPerChannel * 2 ' Stereo: two channels
ReDim audioSamples(1 To totalSamples) As Integer
' Generate a tone with panning effect (from left to right)
Dim freq As Single: freq = 500 ' Starting frequency in Hz
Dim As Integer SampleL, SampleR ' Variables for left and right channel samples
Dim t As Single, normAmp As Single: normAmp = 0.9
For i = 1 To totalSamplesPerChannel - 1
t = i / sampleRate
' Calculate pan value from 0 (left) to 1 (right)
pan = i / (totalSamplesPerChannel - 1)
' Left channel amplitude = 0.9*(1 - pan), right channel amplitude = 0.9*pan
If Rnd * 10 > 5 Then f = 5 Else f = -5
freq = freq + f
SampleL = 32767 * 0.9 * (1 - pan) * Sin(2 * 3.14159 * freq * t)
SampleR = 32767 * 0.9 * pan * Sin(2 * 3.14159 * freq * t)
audioSamples(2 * i + 1) = SampleL
audioSamples(2 * i + 2) = SampleR
Next i
' ---------------------------
' Create AVI file with audio
' ---------------------------
If _FileExists("VideoTest.avi") Then Kill "VideoTest.avi"
CreateAVI Frames(), frameWidth, frameHeight, numFrames, audioSamples(), sampleRate
Print "File created. Open it with your media player program. Recommended is VLC Player."
' -------------------------------------------------------------
' Function to write an AVI file with video + audio (16-bit PCM)
' -------------------------------------------------------------
Sub CreateAVI (Frames() As String, frameWidth As Long, frameHeight As Long, _
numFrames As Long, audioSamples() As Integer, sampleRate As Long)
Dim frameSize As Long: frameSize = frameWidth * frameHeight * bytesPerPixel
Dim fileNum As Integer: fileNum = FreeFile
Open "VideoTest.avi" For Binary As #fileNum
Dim videoDuration As Long
videoDuration = numFrames \ vidFPS
Dim totalAudioSamples As Long
totalAudioSamples = UBound(audioSamples)
Dim stereoFrames As Long
stereoFrames = totalAudioSamples \ 2
' -------------------------------------------
' Define chunk index structure for AVI index
' -------------------------------------------
Type ChunkIndex
chunkID As String * 4 ' Chunk identifier (e.g., "00db" for video, "01wb" for audio)
flags As Long ' Flags (e.g., keyframe flag)
offset As Long ' Offset of chunk data from start of 'movi' section
size As Long ' Size of chunk data in bytes
End Type
Dim maxChunks As Long
maxChunks = numFrames + videoDuration + 10
Dim idxArr(1 To maxChunks) As ChunkIndex
Dim idxCount As Long: idxCount = 0
' --------------------------------------------------------
' RIFF and AVI chunks
' --------------------------------------------------------
Dim riffHeader As String: riffHeader = "RIFF"
Dim tmpStr As String: tmpStr = riffHeader
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim riffSizePos As Long: riffSizePos = LOF(fileNum) + 1
Dim dummyLong As Long: dummyLong = 0
Put #fileNum, , dummyLong ' placeholder for RIFF size
Dim aviSig As String: aviSig = "AVI "
tmpStr = aviSig
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
' --------------------------------------------------------
' LIST hdrl chunk (header list)
' --------------------------------------------------------
Dim listHdrl As String: listHdrl = "LIST"
tmpStr = listHdrl
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim hdrlSizePos As Long: hdrlSizePos = LOF(fileNum) + 1
Put #fileNum, , dummyLong ' placeholder for hdrl size
Dim hdrlSig As String: hdrlSig = "hdrl"
tmpStr = hdrlSig
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
' --------------------------------------------------------
' avih chunk (Main AVI header)
' --------------------------------------------------------
Dim avihChunkID As String: avihChunkID = "avih"
tmpStr = avihChunkID
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim avihChunkSize As Long: avihChunkSize = 56
Put #fileNum, , avihChunkSize
Dim mainHdr As AVIMainHeader
mainHdr.microSecPerFrame = 1000000 \ vidFPS
mainHdr.maxBytesPerSec = frameSize * vidFPS
mainHdr.paddingGranularity = 0
mainHdr.flags = &H110 ' AVIF_HASINDEX flag
mainHdr.totalFrames = numFrames
mainHdr.initialFrames = 0
mainHdr.streams = 2 ' 2 streams: video + audio (stereo is 1 stream and mono also)
mainHdr.suggestedBufferSize = frameSize
mainHdr.width = frameWidth
mainHdr.height = frameHeight
mainHdr.reserved = String$(16, Chr$(0))
Put #fileNum, , mainHdr
' --------------------------------------------------------
' LIST strl chunk for video stream
' --------------------------------------------------------
Dim listStrlVid As String: listStrlVid = "LIST"
tmpStr = listStrlVid
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim strlVidSizePos As Long: strlVidSizePos = LOF(fileNum) + 1
Put #fileNum, , dummyLong
Dim strlVidSig As String: strlVidSig = "strl"
tmpStr = strlVidSig
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
' -- strh (video stream header)
Dim strhVidID As String: strhVidID = "strh"
tmpStr = strhVidID
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim strhVidSize As Long: strhVidSize = 64
Put #fileNum, , strhVidSize
Dim streamHdrVid As AVIStreamHeader
streamHdrVid.fccType = "vids"
streamHdrVid.fccHandler = "DIB " ' Uncompressed video (DIB)
streamHdrVid.flags = 0
streamHdrVid.priority = 0
streamHdrVid.language = 0
streamHdrVid.initialFrames = 0
streamHdrVid.scale = 1
streamHdrVid.rate = vidFPS
streamHdrVid.start = 0
streamHdrVid.length = numFrames
streamHdrVid.suggestedBufferSize = frameSize
streamHdrVid.quality = -1
streamHdrVid.sampleSize = 0
streamHdrVid.frameLeft = 0
streamHdrVid.frameTop = 0
streamHdrVid.frameRight = frameWidth
streamHdrVid.frameBottom = frameHeight
Put #fileNum, , streamHdrVid
' --------------------------------------------------------
' -- strf (video format chunk) -> BITMAPINFOHEADER
' --------------------------------------------------------
Dim strfVidID As String: strfVidID = "strf"
tmpStr = strfVidID
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim strfVidSize As Long: strfVidSize = 40
Put #fileNum, , strfVidSize
Dim bmpInfo As BITMAPINFOHEADER
bmpInfo.size = 40
bmpInfo.width = frameWidth
bmpInfo.height = -frameHeight ' Negative height indicates top-down format
bmpInfo.planes = 1
bmpInfo.bitCount = 32
bmpInfo.compression = 0 ' BI_RGB = uncompressed
bmpInfo.sizeImage = frameSize
bmpInfo.xPelsPerMeter = 0
bmpInfo.yPelsPerMeter = 0
bmpInfo.clrUsed = 0
bmpInfo.clrImportant = 0
Put #fileNum, , bmpInfo
Dim currPos As Long
currPos = LOF(fileNum) + 1
Dim calcStrlVidSize As Long: calcStrlVidSize = currPos - strlVidSizePos - 4
Seek #fileNum, strlVidSizePos
Put #fileNum, , calcStrlVidSize
Seek #fileNum, currPos
' --------------------------------------------------------
' LIST strl chunk for audio stream
' --------------------------------------------------------
Dim listStrlAud As String: listStrlAud = "LIST"
tmpStr = listStrlAud
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim strlAudSizePos As Long: strlAudSizePos = LOF(fileNum) + 1
Put #fileNum, , dummyLong
Dim strlAudSig As String: strlAudSig = "strl"
tmpStr = strlAudSig
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
' --------------------------------------------------------
' -- strh (audio stream header)
' --------------------------------------------------------
Dim strhAudID As String: strhAudID = "strh"
tmpStr = strhAudID
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim strhAudSize As Long: strhAudSize = 64
Put #fileNum, , strhAudSize
Dim streamHdrAud As AVIStreamHeader
streamHdrAud.fccType = "auds"
streamHdrAud.fccHandler = String$(4, 0) ' For PCM audio, this is typically empty
streamHdrAud.flags = 0
streamHdrAud.priority = 0
streamHdrAud.language = 0
streamHdrAud.initialFrames = 0
streamHdrAud.scale = 1
streamHdrAud.rate = sampleRate
streamHdrAud.start = 0
streamHdrAud.length = stereoFrames
streamHdrAud.suggestedBufferSize = sampleRate * 4 ' 2 channels x 2 bytes per sample (is used 16bit stereo waveform sound, 1 integer to 1 sample)
streamHdrAud.quality = -1
streamHdrAud.sampleSize = 4 ' 4 bytes per stereo sample (2 bytes left + 2 bytes right)
streamHdrAud.frameLeft = 0
streamHdrAud.frameTop = 0
streamHdrAud.frameRight = 0
streamHdrAud.frameBottom = 0
Put #fileNum, , streamHdrAud
' --------------------------------------------------------
' -- strf (audio format chunk) -> WAVEFORMATEX (16 bytes)
' --------------------------------------------------------
Dim strfAudID As String: strfAudID = "strf"
tmpStr = strfAudID
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim strfAudSize As Long: strfAudSize = 16
Put #fileNum, , strfAudSize
Dim wf As WAVEFORMATEX
wf.wFormatTag = 1
wf.nChannels = 2
wf.nSamplesPerSec = sampleRate
wf.wBitsPerSample = 16
wf.nBlockAlign = wf.nChannels * (wf.wBitsPerSample \ 8)
wf.nAvgBytesPerSec = wf.nSamplesPerSec * wf.nBlockAlign
wf.cbSize = 0
Put #fileNum, , wf
currPos = LOF(fileNum) + 1
Dim calcStrlAudSize As Long: calcStrlAudSize = currPos - strlAudSizePos - 4
Seek #fileNum, strlAudSizePos
Put #fileNum, , calcStrlAudSize
Seek #fileNum, currPos
currPos = LOF(fileNum) + 1
Dim hdrlSize As Long: hdrlSize = currPos - hdrlSizePos - 4
Seek #fileNum, hdrlSizePos
Put #fileNum, , hdrlSize
Seek #fileNum, currPos
' ----------------------------------------------------------
' LIST movi chunk (contains the actual video and audio data)
' ----------------------------------------------------------
Dim listMovi As String: listMovi = "LIST"
tmpStr = listMovi
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim moviSizePos As Long: moviSizePos = LOF(fileNum) + 1
Put #fileNum, , dummyLong
Dim moviSig As String: moviSig = "movi"
tmpStr = moviSig
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim moviDataStart As Long: moviDataStart = LOF(fileNum) + 1
' --------------------------------------------------------------
' Interleaved writing of video and audio chunks:
' For each second: 30 video frames and 1 audio chunk (1 second) - this solution MUST NOT BE ALWAYS OPTIMAL! is possible writing sound data after every 5 th frame...
' --------------------------------------------------------------
Dim framesPerSec As Long: framesPerSec = vidFPS
Dim videoIndex As Long: videoIndex = 1
Dim sec As Long
For sec = 1 To videoDuration
' Write video chunks
Dim f As Long
For f = 1 To framesPerSec
If videoIndex > numFrames Then Exit For
Dim chunkOffset As Long
chunkOffset = LOF(fileNum) - moviDataStart + 1
Dim frameChunkID As String: frameChunkID = "00db"
tmpStr = frameChunkID
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim currFrameSize As Long: currFrameSize = frameSize
Put #fileNum, , currFrameSize
Put #fileNum, , Frames(videoIndex)
If (currFrameSize Mod 2) <> 0 Then
Dim padByte As String: padByte = Chr$(0)
Put #fileNum, , padByte
End If
idxCount = idxCount + 1
idxArr(idxCount).chunkID = frameChunkID
idxArr(idxCount).flags = &H10 ' Keyframe flag
idxArr(idxCount).offset = chunkOffset
idxArr(idxCount).size = currFrameSize
videoIndex = videoIndex + 1
Next f
' Write audio chunk for the current second
Dim chunkOffsetAud As Long
chunkOffsetAud = LOF(fileNum) - moviDataStart + 1
Dim audioChunkID As String: audioChunkID = "01wb"
tmpStr = audioChunkID
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim audioChunkSize As Long
audioChunkSize = sampleRate * 2 * 2 ' 1 second = sampleRate * (2 channels x 2 bytes)
Put #fileNum, , audioChunkSize
Dim startAud As Long: startAud = (sec - 1) * (sampleRate * 2) + 1
Dim endAud As Long: endAud = startAud + (sampleRate * 2) - 1
If endAud > UBound(audioSamples) Then endAud = UBound(audioSamples)
Dim k As Long
Dim audioBuffer As String
audioBuffer = ""
Dim sampleValue As Integer
Dim uVal As Long
For k = startAud To endAud
sampleValue = audioSamples(k)
uVal = sampleValue And &HFFFF ' Convert to 16-bit two's complement representation
audioBuffer = audioBuffer + Chr$(uVal And &HFF) + Chr$((uVal \ 256) And &HFF)
Next k
Put #fileNum, , audioBuffer
If (audioChunkSize Mod 2) <> 0 Then
Dim padByteAud As String: padByteAud = Chr$(0)
Put #fileNum, , padByteAud
End If
idxCount = idxCount + 1
idxArr(idxCount).chunkID = audioChunkID
idxArr(idxCount).flags = 0
idxArr(idxCount).offset = chunkOffsetAud
idxArr(idxCount).size = audioChunkSize
Next sec
currPos = LOF(fileNum) + 1
Dim moviSize As Long
moviSize = currPos - moviSizePos - 4
Seek #fileNum, moviSizePos
Put #fileNum, , moviSize
Seek #fileNum, currPos
Dim riffSize As Long
riffSize = LOF(fileNum) - 8 + 1
Seek #fileNum, riffSizePos
Put #fileNum, , riffSize
Seek #fileNum, LOF(fileNum) + 1
Dim idxHeader As String: idxHeader = "idx1"
tmpStr = idxHeader
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim idxSize As Long: idxSize = idxCount * 16
Put #fileNum, , idxSize
Dim n As Long
For n = 1 To idxCount
Put #fileNum, , idxArr(n).chunkID
Put #fileNum, , idxArr(n).flags
Put #fileNum, , idxArr(n).offset
Put #fileNum, , idxArr(n).size
Next n
Close #fileNum
End Sub
Posts: 1,215
Threads: 162
Joined: Apr 2022
Reputation:
34
Wow! I can't wait to give this a try!
Posts: 6
Threads: 0
Joined: Aug 2023
Reputation:
0
Good work ... the demo works for me.
I used Handbrake to reduce the AVI filesize to 1.6 MB at 1080 30fps
Stereo works well ( panning from left to right )
No video blurriness using WMP, VLC, or MPC.
Posts: 243
Threads: 15
Joined: Apr 2024
Reputation:
30
(03-22-2025, 08:00 PM)Petr Wrote: I've been wanting this for a really long time. A program that creates a valid AVI format with sound. The following program only creates (does not play) an uncompressed AVI file, which also contains uncompressed stereo audio. For this reason, prepare about 180 megabytes of free disk space for the test. I think it's already quite complicated, so if I add compression to it, it would be much more complicated. I will deal with compression, but I don't know how far I will get, because I encounter many obstacles.
I must warn you that Windows Media Player blurs the image due to the player's internal filters, VLC player has the best outputs. MPC-HC plays it too, but it rotates the image. I can rotate the image in AVI, but then it is rotated again in Windows Media Player and in VLC. It's kind of a beginning... and also an extreme. First I deal with compression in GIF and save every byte and now tens of MegaBytes are no big deal...
It's uncompressed, so expect a data rate somewhere around 60 megabytes per second. QB64PE can handle that speed just fine.
Code: (Select All)
' Program creates an uncompressed AVI file with uncompressed animation and uncompressed audio.
' The uncompressed format is easier to understand, though I discovered that the AVI file itself
' is a topic suitable for psychiatry...
' -------------------------
' Structure Definitions
' -------------------------
Type AVIMainHeader
microSecPerFrame As Long ' Microseconds per frame
maxBytesPerSec As Long ' Maximum data rate
paddingGranularity As Long ' Padding granularity
flags As Long ' AVI flags (e.g., HASINDEX)
totalFrames As Long ' Total number of frames in the video
initialFrames As Long ' Initial frames (typically 0)
streams As Long ' Number of streams (video, audio, etc.)
suggestedBufferSize As Long ' Suggested buffer size for playback
width As Long ' Video width in pixels
height As Long ' Video height in pixels
reserved As String * 16 ' Reserved bytes (set to 0)
End Type
Type AVIStreamHeader
fccType As String * 4 ' Stream type (e.g., "vids" or "auds")
fccHandler As String * 4 ' Codec handler (e.g., "DIB " for uncompressed video)
flags As Long ' Stream flags
priority As Integer ' Priority (unused)
language As Integer ' Language code (unused)
initialFrames As Long ' Initial frames (unused)
scale As Long ' Time scale for the stream
rate As Long ' Data rate (scale/rate = FPS for video)
start As Long ' Start time (usually 0)
length As Long ' Length of the stream (in time units)
suggestedBufferSize As Long ' Suggested buffer size for the stream
quality As Long ' Quality indicator (-1 for default)
sampleSize As Long ' Sample size (0 for video, nonzero for audio)
frameLeft As Long ' For video: left coordinate of the source rectangle
frameTop As Long ' For video: top coordinate of the source rectangle
frameRight As Long ' For video: right coordinate of the source rectangle
frameBottom As Long ' For video: bottom coordinate of the source rectangle
End Type
Type BITMAPINFOHEADER
size As Long ' Size of this header (40 bytes)
width As Long ' Width of the image in pixels
height As Long ' Height of the image (negative for top–down)
planes As Integer ' Number of color planes (must be 1)
bitCount As Integer ' Bits per pixel (24 for 24-bit, 32 for 32-bit)
compression As Long ' Compression method (0 = BI_RGB for uncompressed)
sizeImage As Long ' Size of the image data in bytes
xPelsPerMeter As Long ' Horizontal resolution (pixels per meter)
yPelsPerMeter As Long ' Vertical resolution (pixels per meter)
clrUsed As Long ' Number of colors used (0 = all)
clrImportant As Long ' Number of important colors (0 = all)
End Type
Type WAVEFORMATEX
wFormatTag As Integer ' Audio format code (1 = PCM)
nChannels As Integer ' Number of audio channels (2 for stereo)
nSamplesPerSec As Long ' Sample rate in Hz
nAvgBytesPerSec As Long ' Average bytes per second
nBlockAlign As Integer ' Block alignment in bytes
wBitsPerSample As Integer ' Bits per sample (16 for 16-bit PCM)
cbSize As Integer ' Extra size (0 for PCM)
End Type
' -------------------------
' Video Constants
' -------------------------
Const vidFPS = 30 ' Frames per second for the video
Const bytesPerPixel = 4 ' Each pixel in 32-bit image (BGRA) takes 4 bytes
' -------------------------
' Video Parameters
' -------------------------
Dim numFrames As Long: numFrames = 90 ' 90 frames = 3 seconds of video
Dim frameWidth As Long: frameWidth = 800 ' Video width in pixels
Dim frameHeight As Long: frameHeight = 600 ' Video height in pixels
Dim frameSize As Long: frameSize = frameWidth * frameHeight * bytesPerPixel ' Total size of one 32-bit frame
' -------------------------
' Create Test Frame Array
' -------------------------
Dim Frames(1 To numFrames) As String
Dim i As Long, s As String, sm As _MEM
s = Space$(frameSize)
$If WIN Then
pad$ = "\"
$Else
pad$ = "/"
$End If
fn$ = _CWD$ + pad$ + "VideoTest.avi"
Print "Generating file "; fn$
preDest = _Dest ' Save current destination settings
For i = 1 To numFrames
Dim img As Long, img2 As Long
img2 = _NewImage(frameWidth, frameHeight, 32)
_Dest img2 ' Set current destination to img2
Cls ' Set not transparent background in frame
_PrintMode _KeepBackground
' Draw 100 random colored lines
For x = 1 To 100
Line (Rnd * 50, Rnd * 50)-(Rnd * 750, Rnd * 550), _RGB32(Rnd * 255, Rnd * 255, Rnd * 255), B
Next
' Print frame number text at a fixed position
_PrintString (350, 250), "Video Frame " + Str$(i), img2
img = _NewImage(frameWidth, frameHeight, 32)
' For VLC Player use this line:
' _PutImage (0, 0), img2, img, (0, frameHeight)-(frameWidth, 0)
' For WMP, MPC-HC Player use:
_PutImage (0, 0), img2, img
_FreeImage img2
sm = _MemImage(img)
_MemGet sm, sm.OFFSET, s
_MemFree sm
_FreeImage img
Frames(i) = s ' Store frame data as string
Next i
_Dest preDest ' Restore previous destination
' -------------------------
' Simulate Audio
' -------------------------
Dim sampleRate As Long: sampleRate = 44100 ' Audio sample rate in Hz
Dim totalSeconds As Long: totalSeconds = numFrames \ vidFPS ' Duration of video in seconds
Dim totalSamplesPerChannel As Long: totalSamplesPerChannel = totalSeconds * sampleRate
Dim totalSamples As Long: totalSamples = totalSamplesPerChannel * 2 ' Stereo: two channels
ReDim audioSamples(1 To totalSamples) As Integer
' Generate a tone with panning effect (from left to right)
Dim freq As Single: freq = 500 ' Starting frequency in Hz
Dim As Integer SampleL, SampleR ' Variables for left and right channel samples
Dim t As Single, normAmp As Single: normAmp = 0.9
For i = 1 To totalSamplesPerChannel - 1
t = i / sampleRate
' Calculate pan value from 0 (left) to 1 (right)
pan = i / (totalSamplesPerChannel - 1)
' Left channel amplitude = 0.9*(1 - pan), right channel amplitude = 0.9*pan
If Rnd * 10 > 5 Then f = 5 Else f = -5
freq = freq + f
SampleL = 32767 * 0.9 * (1 - pan) * Sin(2 * 3.14159 * freq * t)
SampleR = 32767 * 0.9 * pan * Sin(2 * 3.14159 * freq * t)
audioSamples(2 * i + 1) = SampleL
audioSamples(2 * i + 2) = SampleR
Next i
' ---------------------------
' Create AVI file with audio
' ---------------------------
If _FileExists("VideoTest.avi") Then Kill "VideoTest.avi"
CreateAVI Frames(), frameWidth, frameHeight, numFrames, audioSamples(), sampleRate
Print "File created. Open it with your media player program. Recommended is VLC Player."
' -------------------------------------------------------------
' Function to write an AVI file with video + audio (16-bit PCM)
' -------------------------------------------------------------
Sub CreateAVI (Frames() As String, frameWidth As Long, frameHeight As Long, _
numFrames As Long, audioSamples() As Integer, sampleRate As Long)
Dim frameSize As Long: frameSize = frameWidth * frameHeight * bytesPerPixel
Dim fileNum As Integer: fileNum = FreeFile
Open "VideoTest.avi" For Binary As #fileNum
Dim videoDuration As Long
videoDuration = numFrames \ vidFPS
Dim totalAudioSamples As Long
totalAudioSamples = UBound(audioSamples)
Dim stereoFrames As Long
stereoFrames = totalAudioSamples \ 2
' -------------------------------------------
' Define chunk index structure for AVI index
' -------------------------------------------
Type ChunkIndex
chunkID As String * 4 ' Chunk identifier (e.g., "00db" for video, "01wb" for audio)
flags As Long ' Flags (e.g., keyframe flag)
offset As Long ' Offset of chunk data from start of 'movi' section
size As Long ' Size of chunk data in bytes
End Type
Dim maxChunks As Long
maxChunks = numFrames + videoDuration + 10
Dim idxArr(1 To maxChunks) As ChunkIndex
Dim idxCount As Long: idxCount = 0
' --------------------------------------------------------
' RIFF and AVI chunks
' --------------------------------------------------------
Dim riffHeader As String: riffHeader = "RIFF"
Dim tmpStr As String: tmpStr = riffHeader
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim riffSizePos As Long: riffSizePos = LOF(fileNum) + 1
Dim dummyLong As Long: dummyLong = 0
Put #fileNum, , dummyLong ' placeholder for RIFF size
Dim aviSig As String: aviSig = "AVI "
tmpStr = aviSig
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
' --------------------------------------------------------
' LIST hdrl chunk (header list)
' --------------------------------------------------------
Dim listHdrl As String: listHdrl = "LIST"
tmpStr = listHdrl
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim hdrlSizePos As Long: hdrlSizePos = LOF(fileNum) + 1
Put #fileNum, , dummyLong ' placeholder for hdrl size
Dim hdrlSig As String: hdrlSig = "hdrl"
tmpStr = hdrlSig
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
' --------------------------------------------------------
' avih chunk (Main AVI header)
' --------------------------------------------------------
Dim avihChunkID As String: avihChunkID = "avih"
tmpStr = avihChunkID
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim avihChunkSize As Long: avihChunkSize = 56
Put #fileNum, , avihChunkSize
Dim mainHdr As AVIMainHeader
mainHdr.microSecPerFrame = 1000000 \ vidFPS
mainHdr.maxBytesPerSec = frameSize * vidFPS
mainHdr.paddingGranularity = 0
mainHdr.flags = &H110 ' AVIF_HASINDEX flag
mainHdr.totalFrames = numFrames
mainHdr.initialFrames = 0
mainHdr.streams = 2 ' 2 streams: video + audio (stereo is 1 stream and mono also)
mainHdr.suggestedBufferSize = frameSize
mainHdr.width = frameWidth
mainHdr.height = frameHeight
mainHdr.reserved = String$(16, Chr$(0))
Put #fileNum, , mainHdr
' --------------------------------------------------------
' LIST strl chunk for video stream
' --------------------------------------------------------
Dim listStrlVid As String: listStrlVid = "LIST"
tmpStr = listStrlVid
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim strlVidSizePos As Long: strlVidSizePos = LOF(fileNum) + 1
Put #fileNum, , dummyLong
Dim strlVidSig As String: strlVidSig = "strl"
tmpStr = strlVidSig
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
' -- strh (video stream header)
Dim strhVidID As String: strhVidID = "strh"
tmpStr = strhVidID
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim strhVidSize As Long: strhVidSize = 64
Put #fileNum, , strhVidSize
Dim streamHdrVid As AVIStreamHeader
streamHdrVid.fccType = "vids"
streamHdrVid.fccHandler = "DIB " ' Uncompressed video (DIB)
streamHdrVid.flags = 0
streamHdrVid.priority = 0
streamHdrVid.language = 0
streamHdrVid.initialFrames = 0
streamHdrVid.scale = 1
streamHdrVid.rate = vidFPS
streamHdrVid.start = 0
streamHdrVid.length = numFrames
streamHdrVid.suggestedBufferSize = frameSize
streamHdrVid.quality = -1
streamHdrVid.sampleSize = 0
streamHdrVid.frameLeft = 0
streamHdrVid.frameTop = 0
streamHdrVid.frameRight = frameWidth
streamHdrVid.frameBottom = frameHeight
Put #fileNum, , streamHdrVid
' --------------------------------------------------------
' -- strf (video format chunk) -> BITMAPINFOHEADER
' --------------------------------------------------------
Dim strfVidID As String: strfVidID = "strf"
tmpStr = strfVidID
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim strfVidSize As Long: strfVidSize = 40
Put #fileNum, , strfVidSize
Dim bmpInfo As BITMAPINFOHEADER
bmpInfo.size = 40
bmpInfo.width = frameWidth
bmpInfo.height = -frameHeight ' Negative height indicates top-down format
bmpInfo.planes = 1
bmpInfo.bitCount = 32
bmpInfo.compression = 0 ' BI_RGB = uncompressed
bmpInfo.sizeImage = frameSize
bmpInfo.xPelsPerMeter = 0
bmpInfo.yPelsPerMeter = 0
bmpInfo.clrUsed = 0
bmpInfo.clrImportant = 0
Put #fileNum, , bmpInfo
Dim currPos As Long
currPos = LOF(fileNum) + 1
Dim calcStrlVidSize As Long: calcStrlVidSize = currPos - strlVidSizePos - 4
Seek #fileNum, strlVidSizePos
Put #fileNum, , calcStrlVidSize
Seek #fileNum, currPos
' --------------------------------------------------------
' LIST strl chunk for audio stream
' --------------------------------------------------------
Dim listStrlAud As String: listStrlAud = "LIST"
tmpStr = listStrlAud
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim strlAudSizePos As Long: strlAudSizePos = LOF(fileNum) + 1
Put #fileNum, , dummyLong
Dim strlAudSig As String: strlAudSig = "strl"
tmpStr = strlAudSig
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
' --------------------------------------------------------
' -- strh (audio stream header)
' --------------------------------------------------------
Dim strhAudID As String: strhAudID = "strh"
tmpStr = strhAudID
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim strhAudSize As Long: strhAudSize = 64
Put #fileNum, , strhAudSize
Dim streamHdrAud As AVIStreamHeader
streamHdrAud.fccType = "auds"
streamHdrAud.fccHandler = String$(4, 0) ' For PCM audio, this is typically empty
streamHdrAud.flags = 0
streamHdrAud.priority = 0
streamHdrAud.language = 0
streamHdrAud.initialFrames = 0
streamHdrAud.scale = 1
streamHdrAud.rate = sampleRate
streamHdrAud.start = 0
streamHdrAud.length = stereoFrames
streamHdrAud.suggestedBufferSize = sampleRate * 4 ' 2 channels x 2 bytes per sample (is used 16bit stereo waveform sound, 1 integer to 1 sample)
streamHdrAud.quality = -1
streamHdrAud.sampleSize = 4 ' 4 bytes per stereo sample (2 bytes left + 2 bytes right)
streamHdrAud.frameLeft = 0
streamHdrAud.frameTop = 0
streamHdrAud.frameRight = 0
streamHdrAud.frameBottom = 0
Put #fileNum, , streamHdrAud
' --------------------------------------------------------
' -- strf (audio format chunk) -> WAVEFORMATEX (16 bytes)
' --------------------------------------------------------
Dim strfAudID As String: strfAudID = "strf"
tmpStr = strfAudID
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim strfAudSize As Long: strfAudSize = 16
Put #fileNum, , strfAudSize
Dim wf As WAVEFORMATEX
wf.wFormatTag = 1
wf.nChannels = 2
wf.nSamplesPerSec = sampleRate
wf.wBitsPerSample = 16
wf.nBlockAlign = wf.nChannels * (wf.wBitsPerSample \ 8)
wf.nAvgBytesPerSec = wf.nSamplesPerSec * wf.nBlockAlign
wf.cbSize = 0
Put #fileNum, , wf
currPos = LOF(fileNum) + 1
Dim calcStrlAudSize As Long: calcStrlAudSize = currPos - strlAudSizePos - 4
Seek #fileNum, strlAudSizePos
Put #fileNum, , calcStrlAudSize
Seek #fileNum, currPos
currPos = LOF(fileNum) + 1
Dim hdrlSize As Long: hdrlSize = currPos - hdrlSizePos - 4
Seek #fileNum, hdrlSizePos
Put #fileNum, , hdrlSize
Seek #fileNum, currPos
' ----------------------------------------------------------
' LIST movi chunk (contains the actual video and audio data)
' ----------------------------------------------------------
Dim listMovi As String: listMovi = "LIST"
tmpStr = listMovi
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim moviSizePos As Long: moviSizePos = LOF(fileNum) + 1
Put #fileNum, , dummyLong
Dim moviSig As String: moviSig = "movi"
tmpStr = moviSig
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim moviDataStart As Long: moviDataStart = LOF(fileNum) + 1
' --------------------------------------------------------------
' Interleaved writing of video and audio chunks:
' For each second: 30 video frames and 1 audio chunk (1 second) - this solution MUST NOT BE ALWAYS OPTIMAL! is possible writing sound data after every 5 th frame...
' --------------------------------------------------------------
Dim framesPerSec As Long: framesPerSec = vidFPS
Dim videoIndex As Long: videoIndex = 1
Dim sec As Long
For sec = 1 To videoDuration
' Write video chunks
Dim f As Long
For f = 1 To framesPerSec
If videoIndex > numFrames Then Exit For
Dim chunkOffset As Long
chunkOffset = LOF(fileNum) - moviDataStart + 1
Dim frameChunkID As String: frameChunkID = "00db"
tmpStr = frameChunkID
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim currFrameSize As Long: currFrameSize = frameSize
Put #fileNum, , currFrameSize
Put #fileNum, , Frames(videoIndex)
If (currFrameSize Mod 2) <> 0 Then
Dim padByte As String: padByte = Chr$(0)
Put #fileNum, , padByte
End If
idxCount = idxCount + 1
idxArr(idxCount).chunkID = frameChunkID
idxArr(idxCount).flags = &H10 ' Keyframe flag
idxArr(idxCount).offset = chunkOffset
idxArr(idxCount).size = currFrameSize
videoIndex = videoIndex + 1
Next f
' Write audio chunk for the current second
Dim chunkOffsetAud As Long
chunkOffsetAud = LOF(fileNum) - moviDataStart + 1
Dim audioChunkID As String: audioChunkID = "01wb"
tmpStr = audioChunkID
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim audioChunkSize As Long
audioChunkSize = sampleRate * 2 * 2 ' 1 second = sampleRate * (2 channels x 2 bytes)
Put #fileNum, , audioChunkSize
Dim startAud As Long: startAud = (sec - 1) * (sampleRate * 2) + 1
Dim endAud As Long: endAud = startAud + (sampleRate * 2) - 1
If endAud > UBound(audioSamples) Then endAud = UBound(audioSamples)
Dim k As Long
Dim audioBuffer As String
audioBuffer = ""
Dim sampleValue As Integer
Dim uVal As Long
For k = startAud To endAud
sampleValue = audioSamples(k)
uVal = sampleValue And &HFFFF ' Convert to 16-bit two's complement representation
audioBuffer = audioBuffer + Chr$(uVal And &HFF) + Chr$((uVal \ 256) And &HFF)
Next k
Put #fileNum, , audioBuffer
If (audioChunkSize Mod 2) <> 0 Then
Dim padByteAud As String: padByteAud = Chr$(0)
Put #fileNum, , padByteAud
End If
idxCount = idxCount + 1
idxArr(idxCount).chunkID = audioChunkID
idxArr(idxCount).flags = 0
idxArr(idxCount).offset = chunkOffsetAud
idxArr(idxCount).size = audioChunkSize
Next sec
currPos = LOF(fileNum) + 1
Dim moviSize As Long
moviSize = currPos - moviSizePos - 4
Seek #fileNum, moviSizePos
Put #fileNum, , moviSize
Seek #fileNum, currPos
Dim riffSize As Long
riffSize = LOF(fileNum) - 8 + 1
Seek #fileNum, riffSizePos
Put #fileNum, , riffSize
Seek #fileNum, LOF(fileNum) + 1
Dim idxHeader As String: idxHeader = "idx1"
tmpStr = idxHeader
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim idxSize As Long: idxSize = idxCount * 16
Put #fileNum, , idxSize
Dim n As Long
For n = 1 To idxCount
Put #fileNum, , idxArr(n).chunkID
Put #fileNum, , idxArr(n).flags
Put #fileNum, , idxArr(n).offset
Put #fileNum, , idxArr(n).size
Next n
Close #fileNum
End Sub
This is pretty awesome code. I remember recently struggling with just the WAV & BMP file formats. I bet this one took some hair pulling. I'm really trying to figure out how I might use this. My current QB64PE project is a Video convertor to turn MP4, AVI, MOV, etc... Into a format that's playable on the Neo retro Commander X16 platform. I didn't do any Video parsing on the source side in my own code, I let ffmpeg do that for me. The output format I invented myself. https://cx16forum.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=8226
Posts: 1,215
Threads: 162
Joined: Apr 2022
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I ran it and it works! Brilliant!
Then I tried modifying it to generate a longer video (3 minutes) at standard DV resolution (720x480), and added a simple progress counters to the loops.
And removed any DIM statements from inside the loops, because it seems inefficient to be redimming over and over again inside a loop.
(I notice a lot of folks just put DIM statements willy nilly inside the code, I was always taught to put them all up top, nice and neat!)
And I moved the file name into a parameter for CreateAvi and moved the erasing the file if it alread exists inside of that too.
But anyway, it started working, creating frames, and then the program just dies when it gets to 1799 frames.
I wonder why? (modified code below)
Code: (Select All) ' AVI file format
' https://qb64phoenix.com/forum/showthread.php?tid=3550
' From: Petr, Mini-Mod
' Date: 3/22/2025 4:42 AM
' I've been wanting this for a really long time. A program that creates a valid
' AVI format with sound. The following program only creates (does not play) an
' uncompressed AVI file, which also contains uncompressed stereo audio. For this
' reason, prepare about 180 megabytes of free disk space for the test. I think
' it's already quite complicated, so if I add compression to it, it would be much
' more complicated. I will deal with compression, but I don't know how far I will
' get, because I encounter many obstacles.
' I must warn you that Windows Media Player blurs the image due to the player's
' internal filters, VLC player has the best outputs. MPC-HC plays it too, but it
' rotates the image. I can rotate the image in AVI, but then it is rotated again
' in Windows Media Player and in VLC. It's kind of a beginning... and also an
' extreme. First I deal with compression in GIF and save every byte and now tens
' of MegaBytes are no big deal...
' It's uncompressed, so expect a data rate somewhere around 60 megabytes per
' second. QB64PE can handle that speed just fine.
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' Program creates an uncompressed AVI file with uncompressed animation and uncompressed audio.
' The uncompressed format is easier to understand, though I discovered that the AVI file itself
' is a topic suitable for psychiatry...
' -------------------------
' Video Constants
' -------------------------
Const vidFPS = 30 ' Frames per second for the video
Const bytesPerPixel = 4 ' Each pixel in 32-bit image (BGRA) takes 4 bytes
Const cFileName$ = "VideoTest2.avi"
' -------------------------
' Structure Definitions
' -------------------------
Type AVIMainHeader
microSecPerFrame As Long ' Microseconds per frame
maxBytesPerSec As Long ' Maximum data rate
paddingGranularity As Long ' Padding granularity
flags As Long ' AVI flags (e.g., HASINDEX)
totalFrames As Long ' Total number of frames in the video
initialFrames As Long ' Initial frames (typically 0)
streams As Long ' Number of streams (video, audio, etc.)
suggestedBufferSize As Long ' Suggested buffer size for playback
width As Long ' Video width in pixels
height As Long ' Video height in pixels
reserved As String * 16 ' Reserved bytes (set to 0)
End Type
Type AVIStreamHeader
fccType As String * 4 ' Stream type (e.g., "vids" or "auds")
fccHandler As String * 4 ' Codec handler (e.g., "DIB " for uncompressed video)
flags As Long ' Stream flags
priority As Integer ' Priority (unused)
language As Integer ' Language code (unused)
initialFrames As Long ' Initial frames (unused)
scale As Long ' Time scale for the stream
rate As Long ' Data rate (scale/rate = FPS for video)
start As Long ' Start time (usually 0)
length As Long ' Length of the stream (in time units)
suggestedBufferSize As Long ' Suggested buffer size for the stream
quality As Long ' Quality indicator (-1 for default)
sampleSize As Long ' Sample size (0 for video, nonzero for audio)
frameLeft As Long ' For video: left coordinate of the source rectangle
frameTop As Long ' For video: top coordinate of the source rectangle
frameRight As Long ' For video: right coordinate of the source rectangle
frameBottom As Long ' For video: bottom coordinate of the source rectangle
End Type
Type BITMAPINFOHEADER
size As Long ' Size of this header (40 bytes)
width As Long ' Width of the image in pixels
height As Long ' Height of the image (negative for top–down)
planes As Integer ' Number of color planes (must be 1)
bitCount As Integer ' Bits per pixel (24 for 24-bit, 32 for 32-bit)
compression As Long ' Compression method (0 = BI_RGB for uncompressed)
sizeImage As Long ' Size of the image data in bytes
xPelsPerMeter As Long ' Horizontal resolution (pixels per meter)
yPelsPerMeter As Long ' Vertical resolution (pixels per meter)
clrUsed As Long ' Number of colors used (0 = all)
clrImportant As Long ' Number of important colors (0 = all)
End Type
Type WAVEFORMATEX
wFormatTag As Integer ' Audio format code (1 = PCM)
nChannels As Integer ' Number of audio channels (2 for stereo)
nSamplesPerSec As Long ' Sample rate in Hz
nAvgBytesPerSec As Long ' Average bytes per second
nBlockAlign As Integer ' Block alignment in bytes
wBitsPerSample As Integer ' Bits per sample (16 for 16-bit PCM)
cbSize As Integer ' Extra size (0 for PCM)
End Type
' Video Parameters
Dim numSeconds As Long ' how long video should carry on
Dim numFrames As Long ' 90 frames = 3 seconds of video
Dim frameWidth As Long ' Video width in pixels
Dim frameHeight As Long ' Video height in pixels
Dim frameSize As Long
' Create Test Frame Array
ReDim Frames(-1 To -1) As String
Dim i As Long
Dim s As String
Dim sm As _MEM
' -------------------------
' Video Parameters
' -------------------------
'numFrames = 90
numSeconds = 60 * 3 ' 3 minutes
numFrames = vidFPS * numSeconds
'frameWidth = 800: frameHeight = 600
frameWidth = 720: frameHeight = 480 ' standard DV resolution
frameSize = frameWidth * frameHeight * bytesPerPixel ' Total size of one 32-bit frame
ReDim Frames(1 To numFrames) As String
' -------------------------
' Create Test Frame Array
' -------------------------
s = Space$(frameSize)
$If WIN Then
pad$ = "\"
$Else
pad$ = "/"
$End If
fn$ = _CWD$ + pad$ + cFileName$
Print "Generating file "; fn$
preDest = _Dest ' Save current destination settings
Dim img As Long, img2 As Long
_Dest 0
Locate 2, 1: Print "numFrames=" + _Trim$(Str$(numFrames))
Locate 3, 1: Print "lbound(Frames) = " + _Trim$(Str$(LBound(Frames)))
Locate 4, 1: Print "ubound(Frames) = " + _Trim$(Str$(UBound(Frames)))
For i = 1 To numFrames
' SHOW PROGRESS
_Dest 0
Locate 5, 1
Print Right$(" " + _Trim$(Str$(i)), 6) + " of " + _Trim$(Str$(numFrames));
img2 = _NewImage(frameWidth, frameHeight, 32)
_Dest img2 'Set current destination to img2
Cls ' Set not transparent background in frame
_PrintMode _KeepBackground
' Draw 100 random colored lines
For x = 1 To 100
Line (Rnd * 50, Rnd * 50)-(Rnd * 750, Rnd * 550), _RGB32(Rnd * 255, Rnd * 255, Rnd * 255), B
Next x
' Print frame number text at a fixed position
_PrintString (350, 250), "Video Frame " + Str$(i), img2
img = _NewImage(frameWidth, frameHeight, 32)
' For VLC Player use this line:
' _PutImage (0, 0), img2, img, (0, frameHeight)-(frameWidth, 0)
' For WMP, MPC-HC Player use:
_PutImage (0, 0), img2, img
_FreeImage img2
sm = _MemImage(img)
_MemGet sm, sm.OFFSET, s
_MemFree sm
_FreeImage img
Frames(i) = s ' Store frame data as string
Next i
_Dest preDest ' Restore previous destination
' -------------------------
' Simulate Audio
' -------------------------
Dim sampleRate As Long: sampleRate = 44100 ' Audio sample rate in Hz
Dim totalSeconds As Long: totalSeconds = numFrames \ vidFPS ' Duration of video in seconds
Dim totalSamplesPerChannel As Long: totalSamplesPerChannel = totalSeconds * sampleRate
Dim totalSamples As Long: totalSamples = totalSamplesPerChannel * 2 ' Stereo: two channels
ReDim audioSamples(1 To totalSamples) As Integer
' Generate a tone with panning effect (from left to right)
Dim freq As Single: freq = 500 ' Starting frequency in Hz
Dim As Integer SampleL, SampleR ' Variables for left and right channel samples
Dim t As Single, normAmp As Single: normAmp = 0.9
Dim total2 As Long
total2 = totalSamplesPerChannel - 1
For i = 1 To total2
' SHOW PROGRESS
_Dest 0
Locate 6, 1
Print Right$(" " + _Trim$(Str$(i)), 6) + " of " + _Trim$(Str$(total2));
t = i / sampleRate
' Calculate pan value from 0 (left) to 1 (right)
pan = i / (totalSamplesPerChannel - 1)
' Left channel amplitude = 0.9*(1 - pan), right channel amplitude = 0.9*pan
If Rnd * 10 > 5 Then f = 5 Else f = -5
freq = freq + f
SampleL = 32767 * 0.9 * (1 - pan) * Sin(2 * 3.14159 * freq * t)
SampleR = 32767 * 0.9 * pan * Sin(2 * 3.14159 * freq * t)
audioSamples(2 * i + 1) = SampleL
audioSamples(2 * i + 2) = SampleR
Next i
' ---------------------------
' Create AVI file with audio
' ---------------------------
CreateAVI cFileName$, Frames(), frameWidth, frameHeight, numFrames, audioSamples(), sampleRate
Print "File created. Open it with your media player program. Recommended is VLC Player."
' -------------------------------------------------------------
' Function to write an AVI file with video + audio (16-bit PCM)
' -------------------------------------------------------------
Sub CreateAVI (FileName$, Frames() As String, frameWidth As Long, frameHeight As Long, _
numFrames As Long, audioSamples() As Integer, sampleRate As Long)
If _FileExists(FileName$) Then Kill FileName$
Dim frameSize As Long: frameSize = frameWidth * frameHeight * bytesPerPixel
Dim fileNum As Integer: fileNum = FreeFile
Open FileName$ For Binary As #fileNum
Dim videoDuration As Long
videoDuration = numFrames \ vidFPS
Dim totalAudioSamples As Long
totalAudioSamples = UBound(audioSamples)
Dim stereoFrames As Long
stereoFrames = totalAudioSamples \ 2
' -------------------------------------------
' Define chunk index structure for AVI index
' -------------------------------------------
Type ChunkIndex
chunkID As String * 4 ' Chunk identifier (e.g., "00db" for video, "01wb" for audio)
flags As Long ' Flags (e.g., keyframe flag)
offset As Long ' Offset of chunk data from start of 'movi' section
size As Long ' Size of chunk data in bytes
End Type
Dim maxChunks As Long
maxChunks = numFrames + videoDuration + 10
Dim idxArr(1 To maxChunks) As ChunkIndex
Dim idxCount As Long: idxCount = 0
' --------------------------------------------------------
' RIFF and AVI chunks
' --------------------------------------------------------
Dim riffHeader As String: riffHeader = "RIFF"
Dim tmpStr As String: tmpStr = riffHeader
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim riffSizePos As Long: riffSizePos = LOF(fileNum) + 1
Dim dummyLong As Long: dummyLong = 0
Put #fileNum, , dummyLong ' placeholder for RIFF size
Dim aviSig As String: aviSig = "AVI "
tmpStr = aviSig
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
' --------------------------------------------------------
' LIST hdrl chunk (header list)
' --------------------------------------------------------
Dim listHdrl As String: listHdrl = "LIST"
tmpStr = listHdrl
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim hdrlSizePos As Long: hdrlSizePos = LOF(fileNum) + 1
Put #fileNum, , dummyLong ' placeholder for hdrl size
Dim hdrlSig As String: hdrlSig = "hdrl"
tmpStr = hdrlSig
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
' --------------------------------------------------------
' avih chunk (Main AVI header)
' --------------------------------------------------------
Dim avihChunkID As String: avihChunkID = "avih"
tmpStr = avihChunkID
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim avihChunkSize As Long: avihChunkSize = 56
Put #fileNum, , avihChunkSize
Dim mainHdr As AVIMainHeader
mainHdr.microSecPerFrame = 1000000 \ vidFPS
mainHdr.maxBytesPerSec = frameSize * vidFPS
mainHdr.paddingGranularity = 0
mainHdr.flags = &H110 ' AVIF_HASINDEX flag
mainHdr.totalFrames = numFrames
mainHdr.initialFrames = 0
mainHdr.streams = 2 ' 2 streams: video + audio (stereo is 1 stream and mono also)
mainHdr.suggestedBufferSize = frameSize
mainHdr.width = frameWidth
mainHdr.height = frameHeight
mainHdr.reserved = String$(16, Chr$(0))
Put #fileNum, , mainHdr
' --------------------------------------------------------
' LIST strl chunk for video stream
' --------------------------------------------------------
Dim listStrlVid As String: listStrlVid = "LIST"
tmpStr = listStrlVid
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim strlVidSizePos As Long: strlVidSizePos = LOF(fileNum) + 1
Put #fileNum, , dummyLong
Dim strlVidSig As String: strlVidSig = "strl"
tmpStr = strlVidSig
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
' -- strh (video stream header)
Dim strhVidID As String: strhVidID = "strh"
tmpStr = strhVidID
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim strhVidSize As Long: strhVidSize = 64
Put #fileNum, , strhVidSize
Dim streamHdrVid As AVIStreamHeader
streamHdrVid.fccType = "vids"
streamHdrVid.fccHandler = "DIB " ' Uncompressed video (DIB)
streamHdrVid.flags = 0
streamHdrVid.priority = 0
streamHdrVid.language = 0
streamHdrVid.initialFrames = 0
streamHdrVid.scale = 1
streamHdrVid.rate = vidFPS
streamHdrVid.start = 0
streamHdrVid.length = numFrames
streamHdrVid.suggestedBufferSize = frameSize
streamHdrVid.quality = -1
streamHdrVid.sampleSize = 0
streamHdrVid.frameLeft = 0
streamHdrVid.frameTop = 0
streamHdrVid.frameRight = frameWidth
streamHdrVid.frameBottom = frameHeight
Put #fileNum, , streamHdrVid
' --------------------------------------------------------
' -- strf (video format chunk) -> BITMAPINFOHEADER
' --------------------------------------------------------
Dim strfVidID As String: strfVidID = "strf"
tmpStr = strfVidID
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim strfVidSize As Long: strfVidSize = 40
Put #fileNum, , strfVidSize
Dim bmpInfo As BITMAPINFOHEADER
bmpInfo.size = 40
bmpInfo.width = frameWidth
bmpInfo.height = -frameHeight ' Negative height indicates top-down format
bmpInfo.planes = 1
bmpInfo.bitCount = 32
bmpInfo.compression = 0 ' BI_RGB = uncompressed
bmpInfo.sizeImage = frameSize
bmpInfo.xPelsPerMeter = 0
bmpInfo.yPelsPerMeter = 0
bmpInfo.clrUsed = 0
bmpInfo.clrImportant = 0
Put #fileNum, , bmpInfo
Dim currPos As Long
currPos = LOF(fileNum) + 1
Dim calcStrlVidSize As Long: calcStrlVidSize = currPos - strlVidSizePos - 4
Seek #fileNum, strlVidSizePos
Put #fileNum, , calcStrlVidSize
Seek #fileNum, currPos
' --------------------------------------------------------
' LIST strl chunk for audio stream
' --------------------------------------------------------
Dim listStrlAud As String: listStrlAud = "LIST"
tmpStr = listStrlAud
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim strlAudSizePos As Long: strlAudSizePos = LOF(fileNum) + 1
Put #fileNum, , dummyLong
Dim strlAudSig As String: strlAudSig = "strl"
tmpStr = strlAudSig
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
' --------------------------------------------------------
' -- strh (audio stream header)
' --------------------------------------------------------
Dim strhAudID As String: strhAudID = "strh"
tmpStr = strhAudID
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim strhAudSize As Long: strhAudSize = 64
Put #fileNum, , strhAudSize
Dim streamHdrAud As AVIStreamHeader
streamHdrAud.fccType = "auds"
streamHdrAud.fccHandler = String$(4, 0) ' For PCM audio, this is typically empty
streamHdrAud.flags = 0
streamHdrAud.priority = 0
streamHdrAud.language = 0
streamHdrAud.initialFrames = 0
streamHdrAud.scale = 1
streamHdrAud.rate = sampleRate
streamHdrAud.start = 0
streamHdrAud.length = stereoFrames
streamHdrAud.suggestedBufferSize = sampleRate * 4 ' 2 channels x 2 bytes per sample (is used 16bit stereo waveform sound, 1 integer to 1 sample)
streamHdrAud.quality = -1
streamHdrAud.sampleSize = 4 ' 4 bytes per stereo sample (2 bytes left + 2 bytes right)
streamHdrAud.frameLeft = 0
streamHdrAud.frameTop = 0
streamHdrAud.frameRight = 0
streamHdrAud.frameBottom = 0
Put #fileNum, , streamHdrAud
' --------------------------------------------------------
' -- strf (audio format chunk) -> WAVEFORMATEX (16 bytes)
' --------------------------------------------------------
Dim strfAudID As String: strfAudID = "strf"
tmpStr = strfAudID
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim strfAudSize As Long: strfAudSize = 16
Put #fileNum, , strfAudSize
Dim wf As WAVEFORMATEX
wf.wFormatTag = 1
wf.nChannels = 2
wf.nSamplesPerSec = sampleRate
wf.wBitsPerSample = 16
wf.nBlockAlign = wf.nChannels * (wf.wBitsPerSample \ 8)
wf.nAvgBytesPerSec = wf.nSamplesPerSec * wf.nBlockAlign
wf.cbSize = 0
Put #fileNum, , wf
currPos = LOF(fileNum) + 1
Dim calcStrlAudSize As Long: calcStrlAudSize = currPos - strlAudSizePos - 4
Seek #fileNum, strlAudSizePos
Put #fileNum, , calcStrlAudSize
Seek #fileNum, currPos
currPos = LOF(fileNum) + 1
Dim hdrlSize As Long: hdrlSize = currPos - hdrlSizePos - 4
Seek #fileNum, hdrlSizePos
Put #fileNum, , hdrlSize
Seek #fileNum, currPos
' ----------------------------------------------------------
' LIST movi chunk (contains the actual video and audio data)
' ----------------------------------------------------------
Dim listMovi As String: listMovi = "LIST"
tmpStr = listMovi
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim moviSizePos As Long: moviSizePos = LOF(fileNum) + 1
Put #fileNum, , dummyLong
Dim moviSig As String: moviSig = "movi"
tmpStr = moviSig
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
Dim moviDataStart As Long: moviDataStart = LOF(fileNum) + 1
' --------------------------------------------------------------
' Interleaved writing of video and audio chunks:
' For each second: 30 video frames and 1 audio chunk (1 second) - this solution MUST NOT BE ALWAYS OPTIMAL! is possible writing sound data after every 5 th frame...
' --------------------------------------------------------------
Dim framesPerSec As Long: framesPerSec = vidFPS
Dim videoIndex As Long: videoIndex = 1
Dim sec As Long
Dim f As Long
Dim chunkOffset As Long
Dim frameChunkID As String
Dim currFrameSize As Long
Dim padByte As String
Dim chunkOffsetAud As Long
Dim audioChunkID As String
Dim audioChunkSize As Long
Dim startAud As Long
Dim endAud As Long
Dim k As Long
Dim audioBuffer As String
Dim sampleValue As Integer
Dim uVal As Long
Dim padByteAud As String
Dim moviSize As Long
Dim riffSize As Long
Dim idxHeader As String
Dim idxSize As Long
Dim n As Long
For sec = 1 To videoDuration
' Write video chunks
For f = 1 To framesPerSec
' SHOW PROGRESS
_Dest 0
Locate 6, 1
Print Right$(" " + _Trim$(Str$(sec)), 7) + " of " + _Trim$(Str$(videoDuration)) + _
", " + _
Right$(" " + _Trim$(Str$(f)), 7) + " of " + _Trim$(Str$(framesPerSec)) + _
" ";
If videoIndex > numFrames Then Exit For
chunkOffset = LOF(fileNum) - moviDataStart + 1
frameChunkID = "00db"
tmpStr = frameChunkID
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
currFrameSize = frameSize
Put #fileNum, , currFrameSize
Put #fileNum, , Frames(videoIndex)
If (currFrameSize Mod 2) <> 0 Then
padByte = Chr$(0)
Put #fileNum, , padByte
End If
idxCount = idxCount + 1
idxArr(idxCount).chunkID = frameChunkID
idxArr(idxCount).flags = &H10 ' Keyframe flag
idxArr(idxCount).offset = chunkOffset
idxArr(idxCount).size = currFrameSize
videoIndex = videoIndex + 1
Next f
' Write audio chunk for the current second
chunkOffsetAud = LOF(fileNum) - moviDataStart + 1
audioChunkID = "01wb"
tmpStr = audioChunkID
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
audioChunkSize = sampleRate * 2 * 2 ' 1 second = sampleRate * (2 channels x 2 bytes)
Put #fileNum, , audioChunkSize
startAud = (sec - 1) * (sampleRate * 2) + 1
endAud = startAud + (sampleRate * 2) - 1
If endAud > UBound(audioSamples) Then endAud = UBound(audioSamples)
audioBuffer = ""
For k = startAud To endAud
' SHOW PROGRESS
_Dest 0
Locate 6, 1
Print Right$(" " + _Trim$(Str$(sec)), 7) + " of " + _Trim$(Str$(videoDuration)) + _
", " + _
Right$(" " + _Trim$(Str$(k)), 7) + " of " + _Trim$(Str$(endAud)) + _
" ";
sampleValue = audioSamples(k)
uVal = sampleValue And &HFFFF ' Convert to 16-bit two's complement representation
audioBuffer = audioBuffer + Chr$(uVal And &HFF) + Chr$((uVal \ 256) And &HFF)
Next k
Put #fileNum, , audioBuffer
If (audioChunkSize Mod 2) <> 0 Then
padByteAud = Chr$(0)
Put #fileNum, , padByteAud
End If
idxCount = idxCount + 1
idxArr(idxCount).chunkID = audioChunkID
idxArr(idxCount).flags = 0
idxArr(idxCount).offset = chunkOffsetAud
idxArr(idxCount).size = audioChunkSize
Next sec
currPos = LOF(fileNum) + 1
moviSize = currPos - moviSizePos - 4
Seek #fileNum, moviSizePos
Put #fileNum, , moviSize
Seek #fileNum, currPos
riffSize = LOF(fileNum) - 8 + 1
Seek #fileNum, riffSizePos
Put #fileNum, , riffSize
Seek #fileNum, LOF(fileNum) + 1
idxHeader = "idx1"
tmpStr = idxHeader
Put #fileNum, , tmpStr
idxSize = idxCount * 16
Put #fileNum, , idxSize
For n = 1 To idxCount
' SHOW PROGRESS
_Dest 0
Locate 7, 1
Print Right$(" " + _Trim$(Str$(n)), 7) + " of " + _Trim$(Str$(idxCount)) + _
" ";
Put #fileNum, , idxArr(n).chunkID
Put #fileNum, , idxArr(n).flags
Put #fileNum, , idxArr(n).offset
Put #fileNum, , idxArr(n).size
Next n
Close #fileNum
End Sub ' CreateAVI
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Yes, you're right about the DIM commands, that's from development. It was a problem to get it working, because once it worked without sound, then again without video... I assume that the problem you describe is caused by running out of free RAM. Saving to AVI must be continuous, so that the contents of RAM are written to disk in a flash. Practically compressing video on the fly via QB64PE seems unthinkable to me, because just do the math, if you wanted to compress frames on the fly, it must be done in less than 1/30 of a second. So uncompressed AVI, when you really need to capture everything in real time, is the right solution (because after saving to a file, you no longer have a limited time for compression and can deal with it for longer). But my program doesn't do that at the beginning. It generates a few frames in memory and then saves them with the generated sound. So - I haven't looked at your version yet - but - this is probably the problem. So what does that mean? Good, but we will work on a version that will solve it on the fly. This will also test the elimination of the problem you are writing about. Now to verify my theory, launch the task manager and then your version of the program. I assume that the program will crash at some point when you run out of free memory.
Thank you all for the feedback, I mainly focused on the principle of saving so that it works and I somehow didn't think about this obvious thing... I will work on it.
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03-23-2025, 03:09 PM
(This post was last modified: 03-23-2025, 03:10 PM by madscijr.)
That makes sense - I imagine that it would help if we could create the initial video file with header information & maybe a few frames, and then just append the additional frames to the file as they are created? That way we aren't filling up the working memory because as we generate the video it's just saved to disk and we only ever store a few frames at a time in RAM.
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03-24-2025, 04:49 PM
(This post was last modified: 03-24-2025, 04:56 PM by mdijkens.)
I used your code as a basis but refactored several things.
There is now one big AVI header type that is rewritten in the end.
Also image and audiosamples are now generated inline so no mem limit anymore.
You can now create AVI's up to 4GB (I think that is some AVI limit?)
Code: (Select All)
CreateAVI "VideoTest.avi", 3, 800, 600, 30, 44100
Sub CreateAVI (avi$, videoDuration As Integer, frameWidth As Long, frameHeight As Long, vidFPS As Integer, sampleRate As Long)
Const bytesPerPixel = 4
Type AVIheader
riffHeader As String * 4
riffSize As Long
aviSig As String * 4
listHdrl As String * 4
hdrlSize As Long ' Size from hdrlSig to cbSize (74*4 + 7*2)
hdrlSig As String * 4
avihChunkID As String * 4
avihChunkSize As Long
microSecPerFrame As Long ' Microseconds per frame
maxBytesPerSec As Long ' Maximum data rate
paddingGranularity As Long ' Padding granularity
flags As Long ' AVI flags (e.g., HASINDEX)
totalFrames As Long ' Total number of frames in the video
initialFrames As Long ' Initial frames (typically 0)
streams As Long ' Number of streams (video, audio, etc.)
suggestedBufferSize As Long ' Suggested buffer size for playback
vwidth As Long ' Video width in pixels
vheight As Long ' Video height in pixels
reserved As String * 16 ' Reserved bytes (set to 0)
listStrlVid As String * 4
strlVidSize As Long ' Size from strlVidSig to clrImportant (=31*4)
strlVidSig As String * 4
strhVidID As String * 4
strhVidSize As Long
fccType As String * 4 ' Stream type (e.g., "vids" or "auds")
fccHandler As String * 4 ' Codec handler (e.g., "DIB " for uncompressed video)
streamflags As Long ' Stream flags
priority As Integer ' Priority (unused)
language As Integer ' Language code (unused)
initialFrames0 As Long ' Initial frames (unused)
scale As Long ' Time scale for the stream
rate As Long ' Data rate (scale/rate = FPS for video)
start As Long ' Start time (usually 0)
length As Long ' Length of the stream (in time units)
streamSuggestedBufferSize As Long ' Suggested buffer size for the stream
quality As Long ' Quality indicator (-1 for default)
sampleSize As Long ' Sample size (0 for video, nonzero for audio)
frameLeft As Long ' For video: left coordinate of the source rectangle
frameTop As Long ' For video: top coordinate of the source rectangle
frameRight As Long ' For video: right coordinate of the source rectangle
frameBottom As Long ' For video: bottom coordinate of the source rectangle
strfVidID As String * 4
strfVidSize As Long
size As Long ' Size of this header (40 bytes)
iwidth As Long ' Width of the image in pixels
iheight As Long ' Height of the image (negative for top–down)
planes As Integer ' Number of color planes (must be 1)
bitCount As Integer ' Bits per pixel (24 for 24-bit, 32 for 32-bit)
compression As Long ' Compression method (0 = BI_RGB for uncompressed)
sizeImage As Long ' Size of the image data in bytes
xPelsPerMeter As Long ' Horizontal resolution (pixels per meter)
yPelsPerMeter As Long ' Vertical resolution (pixels per meter)
clrUsed As Long ' Number of colors used (0 = all)
clrImportant As Long ' Number of important colors (0 = all)
listStrlAud As String * 4
strlAudSize As Long ' Size from strlAudSig to cbSize (22*4 + 7*2)
strlAudSig As String * 4
strhAudID As String * 4
strhAudSize As Long
afccType As String * 4 ' AUDIO Stream type (e.g., "vids" or "auds")
afccHandler As String * 4 ' AUDIO Codec handler (e.g., "DIB " for uncompressed video)
astreamflags As Long ' AUDIO Stream flags
apriority As Integer ' AUDIO Priority
alanguage As Integer ' AUDIO Language code
ainitialFrames As Long ' AUDIO Initial frames
ascale As Long ' AUDIO Time scale for the stream
arate As Long ' AUDIO Data rate (scale/rate = FPS for video)
astart As Long ' AUDIO Start time (usually 0)
alength As Long ' AUDIO Length of the stream (in time units)
astreamSuggestedBufferSize As Long ' AUDIO Suggested buffer size for the stream
aquality As Long ' AUDIO Quality indicator (-1 for default)
asampleSize As Long ' AUDIO Sample size (0 for video, nonzero for audio)
aframeLeft As Long ' AUDIO For video: left coordinate of the source rectangle
aframeTop As Long ' AUDIO For video: top coordinate of the source rectangle
aframeRight As Long ' AUDIO For video: right coordinate of the source rectangle
aframeBottom As Long ' AUDIO For video: bottom coordinate of the source rectangle
strfAudID As String * 4
strfAudSize As Long
wFormatTag As Integer ' Audio format code (1 = PCM)
nChannels As Integer ' Number of audio channels (2 for stereo)
nSamplesPerSec As Long ' Sample rate in Hz
nAvgBytesPerSec As Long ' Average bytes per second
nBlockAlign As Integer ' Block alignment in bytes
wBitsPerSample As Integer ' Bits per sample (16 for 16-bit PCM)
cbSize As Integer ' Extra size (0 for PCM)
listMovi As String * 4
moviSize As Long
moviSig As String * 4
End Type
Type ChunkIndex
chunkID As String * 4 ' Chunk identifier (e.g., "00db" for video, "01wb" for audio)
flags As Long ' Flags (e.g., keyframe flag)
offset As Long ' Offset of chunk data from start of 'movi' section
size As Long ' Size of chunk data in bytes
End Type
Dim header As AVIheader
Dim numFrames As Long: numFrames = vidFPS * videoDuration
Dim frameSize As Long: frameSize = frameWidth * frameHeight * bytesPerPixel ' Total size of one 32-bit frame
Dim totalSamplesPerChannel As Long: totalSamplesPerChannel = videoDuration * sampleRate
Dim idxArr(1 To numFrames + videoDuration) As ChunkIndex
Dim idxCount As Long: idxCount = 0
If _FileExists(avi$) Then Kill avi$
Dim fileNum As Integer: fileNum = FreeFile: Open avi$ For Binary As #fileNum
header.riffHeader = "RIFF"
header.riffSize = 0
header.aviSig = "AVI "
header.listHdrl = "LIST"
header.hdrlSize = 74 * 4 + 7 * 2
header.hdrlSig = "hdrl"
header.avihChunkID = "avih"
header.avihChunkSize = 56
header.microSecPerFrame = 1000000 \ vidFPS
header.maxBytesPerSec = frameSize * vidFPS
header.paddingGranularity = 0
header.flags = &H110 ' AVIF_HASINDEX flag
header.totalFrames = numFrames
header.initialFrames = 0
header.streams = 2 ' 2 streams: video + audio (stereo is 1 stream and mono also)
header.suggestedBufferSize = frameSize
header.vwidth = frameWidth
header.vheight = frameHeight
header.reserved = String$(16, Chr$(0))
header.listStrlVid = "LIST"
header.strlVidSize = 29 * 4 + 4 * 2
header.strlVidSig = "strl"
header.strhVidID = "strh"
header.strhVidSize = 64
header.fccType = "vids"
header.fccHandler = "DIB " ' Uncompressed video (DIB)
header.streamflags = 0
header.priority = 0
header.language = 0
header.initialFrames = 0
header.scale = 1
header.rate = vidFPS
header.start = 0
header.length = numFrames
header.streamSuggestedBufferSize = frameSize
header.quality = -1
header.sampleSize = 0
header.frameLeft = 0
header.frameTop = 0
header.frameRight = frameWidth
header.frameBottom = frameHeight
header.strfVidID = "strf"
header.strfVidSize = 40
header.size = 40
header.iwidth = frameWidth
header.iheight = -frameHeight ' Negative height indicates top-down format
header.planes = 1
header.bitCount = 32
header.compression = 0 ' BI_RGB = uncompressed
header.sizeImage = frameSize
header.xPelsPerMeter = 0
header.yPelsPerMeter = 0
header.clrUsed = 0
header.clrImportant = 0
header.listStrlAud = "LIST"
header.strlAudSize = 22 * 4 + 7 * 2
header.strlAudSig = "strl"
header.strhAudID = "strh"
header.strhAudSize = 64
header.afccType = "auds"
header.afccHandler = String$(4, 0) ' For PCM audio, this is typically empty
header.astreamflags = 0
header.apriority = 0
header.alanguage = 0
header.ainitialFrames = 0
header.ascale = 1
header.arate = sampleRate
header.astart = 0
header.alength = totalSamplesPerChannel
header.astreamSuggestedBufferSize = sampleRate * 4 ' 2 channels x 2 bytes per sample (is used 16bit stereo waveform sound, 1 integer to 1 sample)
header.aquality = -1
header.asampleSize = 4 ' 4 bytes per stereo sample (2 bytes left + 2 bytes right)
header.aframeLeft = 0
header.aframeTop = 0
header.aframeRight = 0
header.aframeBottom = 0
header.strfAudID = "strf"
header.strfAudSize = 16
header.wFormatTag = 1
header.nChannels = 2
header.nSamplesPerSec = sampleRate
header.wBitsPerSample = 16
header.nBlockAlign = header.nChannels * (header.wBitsPerSample \ 8)
header.nAvgBytesPerSec = header.nSamplesPerSec * header.nBlockAlign
header.cbSize = 0
header.listMovi = "LIST"
header.moviSize = 0
header.moviSig = "movi"
Put #fileNum, , header
Dim moviDataStart As Long: moviDataStart = Seek(fileNum)
' --------------------------------------------------------------
' Interleaved writing of video and audio chunks:
' For each second: 30 video frames and 1 audio chunk (1 second) - this solution MUST NOT BE ALWAYS OPTIMAL! is possible writing sound data after every 5 th frame...
' --------------------------------------------------------------
Dim chunkOffset As Long
Dim frameChunkID As String: frameChunkID = "00db"
Dim padByte As String: padByte = Chr$(0)
Dim chunkOffsetAud As Long
Dim audioChunkID As String: audioChunkID = "01wb"
Dim audioChunkSize As Long
Dim As Integer SampleL, SampleR 'Variables for left and right channel samples
Dim sm As _MEM
Dim img As Long: img = _NewImage(frameWidth, frameHeight, 32)
'Dim img2 As Long: img2 = _NewImage(frameWidth, frameHeight, 32)
Dim freq As Single: freq = 500 'Starting frequency in Hz
Dim videoIndex As Long: videoIndex = 0
Dim frame As String: frame = Space$(frameSize)
For sec% = 1 To videoDuration
Locate , 1, 0: Print sec%; '@@
' Write video chunks
For i% = 1 To vidFPS
chunkOffset = Seek(fileNum) - moviDataStart
Put #fileNum, , frameChunkID
Put #fileNum, , frameSize
videoIndex = videoIndex + 1
_Dest img '@@
Cls: _PrintMode _KeepBackground
For j% = 1 To 100
Line (Rnd * frameWidth, Rnd * frameHeight)-(Rnd * frameWidth, Rnd * frameHeight), _RGB32(Rnd * 255, Rnd * 255, Rnd * 255), B
Next j%
_PrintString (350, 250), "Video Frame " + _ToStr$(videoIndex)
_Dest 0
'_PutImage (0, 0), img, img2, (0, frameHeight)-(frameWidth, 0) ' For VLC Player
'_PutImage (0, 0), img, img2 ' For WMP, MPC-HC Player
sm = _MemImage(img)
frame = Space$(frameSize)
_MemGet sm, sm.OFFSET, frame
_MemFree sm
Put #fileNum, , frame
If (frameSize Mod 2) <> 0 Then Put #fileNum, , padByte
idxCount = idxCount + 1
idxArr(idxCount).chunkID = frameChunkID
idxArr(idxCount).flags = &H10 ' Keyframe flag
idxArr(idxCount).offset = chunkOffset
idxArr(idxCount).size = frameSize
Next i%
' Write audio chunk for the current second
chunkOffsetAud = Seek(fileNum) - moviDataStart
Put #fileNum, , audioChunkID
audioChunkSize = sampleRate * 2 * 2 ' 1 second = sampleRate * (2 channels x 2 bytes)
Put #fileNum, , audioChunkSize
audioBuffer$ = String$(sampleRate * 4, 0)
For l& = 0 To sampleRate - 1
t! = l& / sampleRate: pan! = l& / totalSamplesPerChannel
freq = freq + 5 - 10 * Int(Rnd * 2)
SampleL = (32767 * 0.9 * (1 - pan!) * Sin(2 * 3.14159 * freq * t!)) And &HFFFF
SampleR = (32767 * 0.9 * pan! * Sin(2 * 3.14159 * freq * t!)) And &HFFFF
Asc(audioBuffer$, l& * 4 + 1) = SampleL And &HFF
Asc(audioBuffer$, l& * 4 + 2) = (SampleL \ 256) And &HFF
Asc(audioBuffer$, l& * 4 + 3) = SampleR And &HFF
Asc(audioBuffer$, l& * 4 + 4) = (SampleR \ 256) And &HFF
Next l&
Put #fileNum, , audioBuffer$
idxCount = idxCount + 1
idxArr(idxCount).chunkID = audioChunkID
idxArr(idxCount).flags = 0
idxArr(idxCount).offset = chunkOffsetAud
idxArr(idxCount).size = audioChunkSize
Next sec%
_Dest 0
_FreeImage img
currPos = Seek(fileNum)
header.moviSize = currPos - moviSizePos - 4
header.riffSize = Seek(fileNum) - 8
Dim idxHeader As String: idxHeader = "idx1": Put #fileNum, , idxHeader
Dim idxSize As Long: idxSize = idxCount * 16: Put #fileNum, , idxSize
Dim n As Long
For n = 1 To idxCount
Put #fileNum, , idxArr(n).chunkID
Put #fileNum, , idxArr(n).flags
Put #fileNum, , idxArr(n).offset
Put #fileNum, , idxArr(n).size
Next n
Put #fileNum, 1, header
Close #fileNum
Print
End Sub
45y and 2M lines of MBASIC>BASICA>QBASIC>QBX>QB64 experience
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03-24-2025, 06:13 PM
(This post was last modified: 03-24-2025, 09:57 PM by madscijr.)
Nice work @mdikjens! I increased the length to 60 seconds, and it worked.
I tweaked the code slightly to create a video file using the current timestamp, so as not to overwrite the previous file, and at the end it shows the filename in an inputbox that you can copy to the clipboard.
Code: (Select All) ' #############################################################################
' AVI file format
' https://qb64phoenix.com/forum/showthread.php?tid=3550
' #############################################################################
' From: Petr, Mini-Mod
' Date: 3/22/2025 4:42 AM
' I've been wanting this for a really long time. A program that creates a valid
' AVI format with sound. The following program only creates (does not play) an
' uncompressed AVI file, which also contains uncompressed stereo audio. For this
' reason, prepare about 180 megabytes of free disk space for the test. I think
' it's already quite complicated, so if I add compression to it, it would be much
' more complicated. I will deal with compression, but I don't know how far I will
' get, because I encounter many obstacles.
' I must warn you that Windows Media Player blurs the image due to the player's
' internal filters, VLC player has the best outputs. MPC-HC plays it too, but it
' rotates the image. I can rotate the image in AVI, but then it is rotated again
' in Windows Media Player and in VLC. It's kind of a beginning... and also an
' extreme. First I deal with compression in GIF and save every byte and now tens
' of MegaBytes are no big deal...
' It's uncompressed, so expect a data rate somewhere around 60 megabytes per
' second. QB64PE can handle that speed just fine.
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' Reply #8
' From: mdijkens, Member
' Date: 3/23/2025 12:51 PM (This post was last modified: 3/23/2025 12:56 PM by mdijkens.)
' I used your code as a basis but refactored several things.
' There is now one big AVI header type that is rewritten in the end.
' Also image and audiosamples are now generated inline so no mem limit anymore.
' You can now create AVI's up to 4GB (I think that is some AVI limit?)
' =============================================================================
' GLOBAL VARIABLES
' =============================================================================
Dim Shared m_ProgramPath$: m_ProgramPath$ = Left$(Command$(0), _InStrRev(Command$(0), "\"))
Dim Shared m_ProgramName$: m_ProgramName$ = Mid$(Command$(0), _InStrRev(Command$(0), "\") + 1)
' =============================================================================
' GENERATE VIDEO
' =============================================================================
' FILENAME = EXE NAME + TIMESTAMP + ".AVI"
Dim sFileName As String
sFileName = NoExt$(m_ProgramName$) + "." + GetTimestamp$ + ".avi"
'CreateAVI sFileName, 3, 800, 600, 30, 44100
CreateAVI sFileName, 60, 720, 480, 30, 44100
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Sub CreateAVI (fn$, videoDuration As Integer, _
frameWidth As Long, frameHeight As Long, _
vidFPS As Integer, sampleRate As Long)
Const bytesPerPixel = 4
Type AVIheader
riffHeader As String * 4
riffSize As Long
aviSig As String * 4
listHdrl As String * 4
hdrlSize As Long ' Size from hdrlSig to cbSize (74*4 + 7*2)
hdrlSig As String * 4
avihChunkID As String * 4
avihChunkSize As Long
microSecPerFrame As Long ' Microseconds per frame
maxBytesPerSec As Long ' Maximum data rate
paddingGranularity As Long ' Padding granularity
flags As Long ' AVI flags (e.g., HASINDEX)
totalFrames As Long ' Total number of frames in the video
initialFrames As Long ' Initial frames (typically 0)
streams As Long ' Number of streams (video, audio, etc.)
suggestedBufferSize As Long ' Suggested buffer size for playback
vwidth As Long ' Video width in pixels
vheight As Long ' Video height in pixels
reserved As String * 16 ' Reserved bytes (set to 0)
listStrlVid As String * 4
strlVidSize As Long ' Size from strlVidSig to clrImportant (=31*4)
strlVidSig As String * 4
strhVidID As String * 4
strhVidSize As Long
fccType As String * 4 ' Stream type (e.g., "vids" or "auds")
fccHandler As String * 4 ' Codec handler (e.g., "DIB " for uncompressed video)
streamflags As Long ' Stream flags
priority As Integer ' Priority (unused)
language As Integer ' Language code (unused)
initialFrames0 As Long ' Initial frames (unused)
scale As Long ' Time scale for the stream
rate As Long ' Data rate (scale/rate = FPS for video)
start As Long ' Start time (usually 0)
length As Long ' Length of the stream (in time units)
streamSuggestedBufferSize As Long ' Suggested buffer size for the stream
quality As Long ' Quality indicator (-1 for default)
sampleSize As Long ' Sample size (0 for video, nonzero for audio)
frameLeft As Long ' For video: left coordinate of the source rectangle
frameTop As Long ' For video: top coordinate of the source rectangle
frameRight As Long ' For video: right coordinate of the source rectangle
frameBottom As Long ' For video: bottom coordinate of the source rectangle
strfVidID As String * 4
strfVidSize As Long
size As Long ' Size of this header (40 bytes)
iwidth As Long ' Width of the image in pixels
iheight As Long ' Height of the image (negative for top–down)
planes As Integer ' Number of color planes (must be 1)
bitCount As Integer ' Bits per pixel (24 for 24-bit, 32 for 32-bit)
compression As Long ' Compression method (0 = BI_RGB for uncompressed)
sizeImage As Long ' Size of the image data in bytes
xPelsPerMeter As Long ' Horizontal resolution (pixels per meter)
yPelsPerMeter As Long ' Vertical resolution (pixels per meter)
clrUsed As Long ' Number of colors used (0 = all)
clrImportant As Long ' Number of important colors (0 = all)
listStrlAud As String * 4
strlAudSize As Long ' Size from strlAudSig to cbSize (22*4 + 7*2)
strlAudSig As String * 4
strhAudID As String * 4
strhAudSize As Long
afccType As String * 4 ' AUDIO Stream type (e.g., "vids" or "auds")
afccHandler As String * 4 ' AUDIO Codec handler (e.g., "DIB " for uncompressed video)
astreamflags As Long ' AUDIO Stream flags
apriority As Integer ' AUDIO Priority
alanguage As Integer ' AUDIO Language code
ainitialFrames As Long ' AUDIO Initial frames
ascale As Long ' AUDIO Time scale for the stream
arate As Long ' AUDIO Data rate (scale/rate = FPS for video)
astart As Long ' AUDIO Start time (usually 0)
alength As Long ' AUDIO Length of the stream (in time units)
astreamSuggestedBufferSize As Long ' AUDIO Suggested buffer size for the stream
aquality As Long ' AUDIO Quality indicator (-1 for default)
asampleSize As Long ' AUDIO Sample size (0 for video, nonzero for audio)
aframeLeft As Long ' AUDIO For video: left coordinate of the source rectangle
aframeTop As Long ' AUDIO For video: top coordinate of the source rectangle
aframeRight As Long ' AUDIO For video: right coordinate of the source rectangle
aframeBottom As Long ' AUDIO For video: bottom coordinate of the source rectangle
strfAudID As String * 4
strfAudSize As Long
wFormatTag As Integer ' Audio format code (1 = PCM)
nChannels As Integer ' Number of audio channels (2 for stereo)
nSamplesPerSec As Long ' Sample rate in Hz
nAvgBytesPerSec As Long ' Average bytes per second
nBlockAlign As Integer ' Block alignment in bytes
wBitsPerSample As Integer ' Bits per sample (16 for 16-bit PCM)
cbSize As Integer ' Extra size (0 for PCM)
listMovi As String * 4
moviSize As Long
moviSig As String * 4
End Type
Type ChunkIndex
chunkID As String * 4 ' Chunk identifier (e.g., "00db" for video, "01wb" for audio)
flags As Long ' Flags (e.g., keyframe flag)
offset As Long ' Offset of chunk data from start of 'movi' section
size As Long ' Size of chunk data in bytes
End Type
Dim header As AVIheader
Dim numFrames As Long: numFrames = vidFPS * videoDuration
Dim frameSize As Long: frameSize = frameWidth * frameHeight * bytesPerPixel ' Total size of one 32-bit frame
Dim totalSamplesPerChannel As Long: totalSamplesPerChannel = videoDuration * sampleRate
Dim idxArr(1 To numFrames + videoDuration) As ChunkIndex
Dim idxCount As Long: idxCount = 0
Dim avi$
avi$ = m_ProgramPath$ + fn$
If _FileExists(avi$) Then Kill avi$
Dim fileNum As Integer: fileNum = FreeFile: Open avi$ For Binary As #fileNum
header.riffHeader = "RIFF"
header.riffSize = 0
header.aviSig = "AVI "
header.listHdrl = "LIST"
header.hdrlSize = 74 * 4 + 7 * 2
header.hdrlSig = "hdrl"
header.avihChunkID = "avih"
header.avihChunkSize = 56
header.microSecPerFrame = 1000000 \ vidFPS
header.maxBytesPerSec = frameSize * vidFPS
header.paddingGranularity = 0
header.flags = &H110 ' AVIF_HASINDEX flag
header.totalFrames = numFrames
header.initialFrames = 0
header.streams = 2 ' 2 streams: video + audio (stereo is 1 stream and mono also)
header.suggestedBufferSize = frameSize
header.vwidth = frameWidth
header.vheight = frameHeight
header.reserved = String$(16, Chr$(0))
header.listStrlVid = "LIST"
header.strlVidSize = 29 * 4 + 4 * 2
header.strlVidSig = "strl"
header.strhVidID = "strh"
header.strhVidSize = 64
header.fccType = "vids"
header.fccHandler = "DIB " ' Uncompressed video (DIB)
header.streamflags = 0
header.priority = 0
header.language = 0
header.initialFrames = 0
header.scale = 1
header.rate = vidFPS
header.start = 0
header.length = numFrames
header.streamSuggestedBufferSize = frameSize
header.quality = -1
header.sampleSize = 0
header.frameLeft = 0
header.frameTop = 0
header.frameRight = frameWidth
header.frameBottom = frameHeight
header.strfVidID = "strf"
header.strfVidSize = 40
header.size = 40
header.iwidth = frameWidth
header.iheight = -frameHeight ' Negative height indicates top-down format
header.planes = 1
header.bitCount = 32
header.compression = 0 ' BI_RGB = uncompressed
header.sizeImage = frameSize
header.xPelsPerMeter = 0
header.yPelsPerMeter = 0
header.clrUsed = 0
header.clrImportant = 0
header.listStrlAud = "LIST"
header.strlAudSize = 22 * 4 + 7 * 2
header.strlAudSig = "strl"
header.strhAudID = "strh"
header.strhAudSize = 64
header.afccType = "auds"
header.afccHandler = String$(4, 0) ' For PCM audio, this is typically empty
header.astreamflags = 0
header.apriority = 0
header.alanguage = 0
header.ainitialFrames = 0
header.ascale = 1
header.arate = sampleRate
header.astart = 0
header.alength = totalSamplesPerChannel
header.astreamSuggestedBufferSize = sampleRate * 4 ' 2 channels x 2 bytes per sample (is used 16bit stereo waveform sound, 1 integer to 1 sample)
header.aquality = -1
header.asampleSize = 4 ' 4 bytes per stereo sample (2 bytes left + 2 bytes right)
header.aframeLeft = 0
header.aframeTop = 0
header.aframeRight = 0
header.aframeBottom = 0
header.strfAudID = "strf"
header.strfAudSize = 16
header.wFormatTag = 1
header.nChannels = 2
header.nSamplesPerSec = sampleRate
header.wBitsPerSample = 16
header.nBlockAlign = header.nChannels * (header.wBitsPerSample \ 8)
header.nAvgBytesPerSec = header.nSamplesPerSec * header.nBlockAlign
header.cbSize = 0
header.listMovi = "LIST"
header.moviSize = 0
header.moviSig = "movi"
Put #fileNum, , header
Dim moviDataStart As Long: moviDataStart = Seek(fileNum)
' --------------------------------------------------------------
' Interleaved writing of video and audio chunks:
' For each second: 30 video frames and 1 audio chunk (1 second) - this solution MUST NOT BE ALWAYS OPTIMAL! is possible writing sound data after every 5 th frame...
' --------------------------------------------------------------
Dim chunkOffset As Long
Dim frameChunkID As String: frameChunkID = "00db"
Dim padByte As String: padByte = Chr$(0)
Dim chunkOffsetAud As Long
Dim audioChunkID As String: audioChunkID = "01wb"
Dim audioChunkSize As Long
Dim As Integer SampleL, SampleR 'Variables for left and right channel samples
Dim sm As _MEM
Dim img As Long: img = _NewImage(frameWidth, frameHeight, 32)
'Dim img2 As Long: img2 = _NewImage(frameWidth, frameHeight, 32)
Dim freq As Single: freq = 500 'Starting frequency in Hz
Dim videoIndex As Long: videoIndex = 0
Dim frame As String: frame = Space$(frameSize)
Dim sTotal As String
Locate 1, 1: Print "Generating video file " + Chr$(34) + fn$ + Chr$(34)
sTotal = " of " + _Trim$(Str$(videoDuration))
For sec% = 1 To videoDuration
' SHOW PROGRESS
Locate 3, 1: Print _Trim$(Str$(sec%)) + sTotal + " ";
' Write video chunks
For i% = 1 To vidFPS
chunkOffset = Seek(fileNum) - moviDataStart
Put #fileNum, , frameChunkID
Put #fileNum, , frameSize
videoIndex = videoIndex + 1
_Dest img '@@
Cls: _PrintMode _KeepBackground
For j% = 1 To 100
Line (Rnd * frameWidth, Rnd * frameHeight)-(Rnd * frameWidth, Rnd * frameHeight), _RGB32(Rnd * 255, Rnd * 255, Rnd * 255), B
Next j%
_PrintString (350, 250), "Video Frame " + _ToStr$(videoIndex)
_Dest 0
'_PutImage (0, 0), img, img2, (0, frameHeight)-(frameWidth, 0) ' For VLC Player
'_PutImage (0, 0), img, img2 ' For WMP, MPC-HC Player
sm = _MemImage(img)
frame = Space$(frameSize)
_MemGet sm, sm.OFFSET, frame
_MemFree sm
Put #fileNum, , frame
If (frameSize Mod 2) <> 0 Then Put #fileNum, , padByte
idxCount = idxCount + 1
idxArr(idxCount).chunkID = frameChunkID
idxArr(idxCount).flags = &H10 ' Keyframe flag
idxArr(idxCount).offset = chunkOffset
idxArr(idxCount).size = frameSize
Next i%
' Write audio chunk for the current second
chunkOffsetAud = Seek(fileNum) - moviDataStart
Put #fileNum, , audioChunkID
audioChunkSize = sampleRate * 2 * 2 ' 1 second = sampleRate * (2 channels x 2 bytes)
Put #fileNum, , audioChunkSize
audioBuffer$ = String$(sampleRate * 4, 0)
For l& = 0 To sampleRate - 1
t! = l& / sampleRate: pan! = l& / totalSamplesPerChannel
freq = freq + 5 - 10 * Int(Rnd * 2)
SampleL = (32767 * 0.9 * (1 - pan!) * Sin(2 * 3.14159 * freq * t!)) And &HFFFF
SampleR = (32767 * 0.9 * pan! * Sin(2 * 3.14159 * freq * t!)) And &HFFFF
Asc(audioBuffer$, l& * 4 + 1) = SampleL And &HFF
Asc(audioBuffer$, l& * 4 + 2) = (SampleL \ 256) And &HFF
Asc(audioBuffer$, l& * 4 + 3) = SampleR And &HFF
Asc(audioBuffer$, l& * 4 + 4) = (SampleR \ 256) And &HFF
Next l&
Put #fileNum, , audioBuffer$
idxCount = idxCount + 1
idxArr(idxCount).chunkID = audioChunkID
idxArr(idxCount).flags = 0
idxArr(idxCount).offset = chunkOffsetAud
idxArr(idxCount).size = audioChunkSize
Next sec%
_Dest 0
_FreeImage img
currPos = Seek(fileNum)
header.moviSize = currPos - moviSizePos - 4
header.riffSize = Seek(fileNum) - 8
Dim idxHeader As String: idxHeader = "idx1": Put #fileNum, , idxHeader
Dim idxSize As Long: idxSize = idxCount * 16: Put #fileNum, , idxSize
Dim n As Long
For n = 1 To idxCount
Put #fileNum, , idxArr(n).chunkID
Put #fileNum, , idxArr(n).flags
Put #fileNum, , idxArr(n).offset
Put #fileNum, , idxArr(n).size
Next n
Put #fileNum, 1, header
Close #fileNum
Print
' Display file name/path in inputbox so user can copy to clipboard.
Dim in$
in$ = _INPUTBOX$(m_ProgramName$, _
"File created." + chr$(13) + _
"Open it with your media player program" + chr$(13) + _
"(VLC player recommended).", _
avi$) ' title, message, default
End Sub ' CreateAVI
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Simple timestamp function
' In the format yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss
' in 24-hour time.
Function CurrentDateTime$
CurrentDateTime$ = Mid$(Date$, 7, 4) + "-" + _
Mid$(Date$, 1, 5) + " " + _
Time$
End Function ' CurrentDateTime$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Return filename sFile without file extension (anything after last ".")
Function NoExt$ (sFile As String)
Dim iPos As Integer
iPos = _InStrRev(sFile, ".")
If iPos > 0 Then
If Len(sFile) > 1 Then
If iPos > 1 Then
NoExt$ = Left$(sFile, iPos - 1)
Else
' dot is first character, removing it returns blank!
' our version will just return the name unchanged
' but you can return blank if you prefer
NoExt$ = sFile
End If
Else
' file only has one character, the dot, removing it returns blank!
' our version will just return the name unchanged
' but you can return blank if you prefer
NoExt$ = sFile
End If
Else
' no dot found
' return the name unchanged
NoExt$ = sFile
End If
End Function ' NoExt$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Get timestamp for filename
' In the format yyyymmdd_hhmmss
' in 24-hour time.
Function GetTimestamp$
Dim MyDate$
Dim MyTime$
MyDate$ = Date$
MyTime$ = Time$
MyDate$ = Right$(MyDate$, 4) + Left$(MyDate$, 2) + Mid$(MyDate$, 4, 2)
MyTime$ = Replace$(MyTime$, ":", "")
GetTimestamp$ = MyDate$ + "_" + MyTime$
End Function ' GetTimestamp$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Generate random value between Min and Max inclusive.
' Before using be sure to initialize random seed with:
' Randomize Timer
Function RandomNumber% (Min%, Max%)
Dim NumSpread%
NumSpread% = (Max% - Min%) + 1
RandomNumber% = Int(Rnd * NumSpread%) + Min% ' GET RANDOM # BETWEEN Max% AND Min%
End Function ' RandomNumber%
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' FROM: String Manipulation
' found at abandoned, outdated and now likely malicious qb64 dot net website
' http://www.qb64.[net]/forum/index_topic_5964-0/
'
'SUMMARY:
' Purpose: A library of custom functions that transform strings.
' Author: Dustinian Camburides (dustinian@gmail.com)
' Platform: QB64 (www.qb64.org)
' Revision: 1.6
' Updated: 5/28/2012
'SUMMARY:
'[Replace$] replaces all instances of the [Find] sub-string with the [Add] sub-string within the [Text] string.
'INPUT:
'Text: The input string; the text that's being manipulated.
'Find: The specified sub-string; the string sought within the [Text] string.
'Add: The sub-string that's being added to the [Text] string.
' Usage:
' NewString$ = Replace$(OldString$, FindThis$, ReplaceWithThis$)
Function Replace$ (Text1 As String, Find1 As String, Add1 As String)
' VARIABLES:
Dim Text2 As String
Dim Find2 As String
Dim Add2 As String
Dim lngLocation As Long ' The address of the [Find] substring within the [Text] string.
Dim strBefore As String ' The characters before the string to be replaced.
Dim strAfter As String ' The characters after the string to be replaced.
' INITIALIZE:
' MAKE COPIESSO THE ORIGINAL IS NOT MODIFIED (LIKE ByVal IN VBA)
Text2 = Text1
Find2 = Find1
Add2 = Add1
lngLocation = InStr(1, Text2, Find2)
' PROCESSING:
' While [Find2] appears in [Text2]...
While lngLocation
' Extract all Text2 before the [Find2] substring:
strBefore = Left$(Text2, lngLocation - 1)
' Extract all text after the [Find2] substring:
strAfter = Right$(Text2, ((Len(Text2) - (lngLocation + Len(Find2) - 1))))
' Return the substring:
Text2 = strBefore + Add2 + strAfter
' Locate the next instance of [Find2]:
lngLocation = InStr(1, Text2, Find2)
' Next instance of [Find2]...
Wend
' OUTPUT:
Replace$ = Text2
End Function ' Replace$
Posts: 1,215
Threads: 162
Joined: Apr 2022
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03-24-2025, 07:59 PM
(This post was last modified: 03-24-2025, 08:32 PM by madscijr.)
We can have all sorts of fun doing animation, since it's frame by frame, you're not limited by the speed of the computer (hard drive space on the other hand...)
Here's a simple example:
Code: (Select All) ' #############################################################################
' AVI file format
' https://qb64phoenix.com/forum/showthread.php?tid=3550
' #############################################################################
' From: Petr, Mini-Mod
' Date: 3/22/2025 4:42 AM
' I've been wanting this for a really long time. A program that creates a valid
' AVI format with sound. The following program only creates (does not play) an
' uncompressed AVI file, which also contains uncompressed stereo audio. For this
' reason, prepare about 180 megabytes of free disk space for the test. I think
' it's already quite complicated, so if I add compression to it, it would be much
' more complicated. I will deal with compression, but I don't know how far I will
' get, because I encounter many obstacles.
' I must warn you that Windows Media Player blurs the image due to the player's
' internal filters, VLC player has the best outputs. MPC-HC plays it too, but it
' rotates the image. I can rotate the image in AVI, but then it is rotated again
' in Windows Media Player and in VLC. It's kind of a beginning... and also an
' extreme. First I deal with compression in GIF and save every byte and now tens
' of MegaBytes are no big deal...
' It's uncompressed, so expect a data rate somewhere around 60 megabytes per
' second. QB64PE can handle that speed just fine.
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' Reply #8
' From: mdijkens, Member
' Date: 3/23/2025 12:51 PM (This post was last modified: 3/23/2025 12:56 PM by mdijkens.)
' I used your code as a basis but refactored several things.
' There is now one big AVI header type that is rewritten in the end.
' Also image and audiosamples are now generated inline so no mem limit anymore.
' You can now create AVI's up to 4GB (I think that is some AVI limit?)
' =============================================================================
' GLOBAL VARIABLES
' =============================================================================
Dim Shared m_ProgramPath$: m_ProgramPath$ = Left$(Command$(0), _InStrRev(Command$(0), "\"))
Dim Shared m_ProgramName$: m_ProgramName$ = Mid$(Command$(0), _InStrRev(Command$(0), "\") + 1)
' =============================================================================
' GENERATE VIDEO
' =============================================================================
' FILENAME = EXE NAME + TIMESTAMP + ".AVI"
Dim sFileName As String
sFileName = NoExt$(m_ProgramName$) + "." + GetTimestampForFilename$ + ".avi"
'CreateAVI sFileName, 3, 800, 600, 30, 44100
CreateAVI sFileName, 60, 720, 480, 60, 44100
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Sub CreateAVI (fn$, videoDuration As Integer, _
frameWidth As Long, frameHeight As Long, _
vidFPS As Integer, sampleRate As Long)
Const bytesPerPixel = 4
Type AVIheader
riffHeader As String * 4
riffSize As Long
aviSig As String * 4
listHdrl As String * 4
hdrlSize As Long ' Size from hdrlSig to cbSize (74*4 + 7*2)
hdrlSig As String * 4
avihChunkID As String * 4
avihChunkSize As Long
microSecPerFrame As Long ' Microseconds per frame
maxBytesPerSec As Long ' Maximum data rate
paddingGranularity As Long ' Padding granularity
flags As Long ' AVI flags (e.g., HASINDEX)
totalFrames As Long ' Total number of frames in the video
initialFrames As Long ' Initial frames (typically 0)
streams As Long ' Number of streams (video, audio, etc.)
suggestedBufferSize As Long ' Suggested buffer size for playback
vwidth As Long ' Video width in pixels
vheight As Long ' Video height in pixels
reserved As String * 16 ' Reserved bytes (set to 0)
listStrlVid As String * 4
strlVidSize As Long ' Size from strlVidSig to clrImportant (=31*4)
strlVidSig As String * 4
strhVidID As String * 4
strhVidSize As Long
fccType As String * 4 ' Stream type (e.g., "vids" or "auds")
fccHandler As String * 4 ' Codec handler (e.g., "DIB " for uncompressed video)
streamflags As Long ' Stream flags
priority As Integer ' Priority (unused)
language As Integer ' Language code (unused)
initialFrames0 As Long ' Initial frames (unused)
scale As Long ' Time scale for the stream
rate As Long ' Data rate (scale/rate = FPS for video)
start As Long ' Start time (usually 0)
length As Long ' Length of the stream (in time units)
streamSuggestedBufferSize As Long ' Suggested buffer size for the stream
quality As Long ' Quality indicator (-1 for default)
sampleSize As Long ' Sample size (0 for video, nonzero for audio)
frameLeft As Long ' For video: left coordinate of the source rectangle
frameTop As Long ' For video: top coordinate of the source rectangle
frameRight As Long ' For video: right coordinate of the source rectangle
frameBottom As Long ' For video: bottom coordinate of the source rectangle
strfVidID As String * 4
strfVidSize As Long
size As Long ' Size of this header (40 bytes)
iwidth As Long ' Width of the image in pixels
iheight As Long ' Height of the image (negative for top–down)
planes As Integer ' Number of color planes (must be 1)
bitCount As Integer ' Bits per pixel (24 for 24-bit, 32 for 32-bit)
compression As Long ' Compression method (0 = BI_RGB for uncompressed)
sizeImage As Long ' Size of the image data in bytes
xPelsPerMeter As Long ' Horizontal resolution (pixels per meter)
yPelsPerMeter As Long ' Vertical resolution (pixels per meter)
clrUsed As Long ' Number of colors used (0 = all)
clrImportant As Long ' Number of important colors (0 = all)
listStrlAud As String * 4
strlAudSize As Long ' Size from strlAudSig to cbSize (22*4 + 7*2)
strlAudSig As String * 4
strhAudID As String * 4
strhAudSize As Long
afccType As String * 4 ' AUDIO Stream type (e.g., "vids" or "auds")
afccHandler As String * 4 ' AUDIO Codec handler (e.g., "DIB " for uncompressed video)
astreamflags As Long ' AUDIO Stream flags
apriority As Integer ' AUDIO Priority
alanguage As Integer ' AUDIO Language code
ainitialFrames As Long ' AUDIO Initial frames
ascale As Long ' AUDIO Time scale for the stream
arate As Long ' AUDIO Data rate (scale/rate = FPS for video)
astart As Long ' AUDIO Start time (usually 0)
alength As Long ' AUDIO Length of the stream (in time units)
astreamSuggestedBufferSize As Long ' AUDIO Suggested buffer size for the stream
aquality As Long ' AUDIO Quality indicator (-1 for default)
asampleSize As Long ' AUDIO Sample size (0 for video, nonzero for audio)
aframeLeft As Long ' AUDIO For video: left coordinate of the source rectangle
aframeTop As Long ' AUDIO For video: top coordinate of the source rectangle
aframeRight As Long ' AUDIO For video: right coordinate of the source rectangle
aframeBottom As Long ' AUDIO For video: bottom coordinate of the source rectangle
strfAudID As String * 4
strfAudSize As Long
wFormatTag As Integer ' Audio format code (1 = PCM)
nChannels As Integer ' Number of audio channels (2 for stereo)
nSamplesPerSec As Long ' Sample rate in Hz
nAvgBytesPerSec As Long ' Average bytes per second
nBlockAlign As Integer ' Block alignment in bytes
wBitsPerSample As Integer ' Bits per sample (16 for 16-bit PCM)
cbSize As Integer ' Extra size (0 for PCM)
listMovi As String * 4
moviSize As Long
moviSig As String * 4
End Type
Type ChunkIndex
chunkID As String * 4 ' Chunk identifier (e.g., "00db" for video, "01wb" for audio)
flags As Long ' Flags (e.g., keyframe flag)
offset As Long ' Offset of chunk data from start of 'movi' section
size As Long ' Size of chunk data in bytes
End Type
Dim header As AVIheader
Dim numFrames As Long: numFrames = vidFPS * videoDuration
Dim frameSize As Long: frameSize = frameWidth * frameHeight * bytesPerPixel ' Total size of one 32-bit frame
Dim totalSamplesPerChannel As Long: totalSamplesPerChannel = videoDuration * sampleRate
Dim idxArr(1 To numFrames + videoDuration) As ChunkIndex
Dim idxCount As Long: idxCount = 0
Dim avi$
avi$ = m_ProgramPath$ + fn$
If _FileExists(avi$) Then Kill avi$
Dim fileNum As Integer: fileNum = FreeFile: Open avi$ For Binary As #fileNum
header.riffHeader = "RIFF"
header.riffSize = 0
header.aviSig = "AVI "
header.listHdrl = "LIST"
header.hdrlSize = 74 * 4 + 7 * 2
header.hdrlSig = "hdrl"
header.avihChunkID = "avih"
header.avihChunkSize = 56
header.microSecPerFrame = 1000000 \ vidFPS
header.maxBytesPerSec = frameSize * vidFPS
header.paddingGranularity = 0
header.flags = &H110 ' AVIF_HASINDEX flag
header.totalFrames = numFrames
header.initialFrames = 0
header.streams = 2 ' 2 streams: video + audio (stereo is 1 stream and mono also)
header.suggestedBufferSize = frameSize
header.vwidth = frameWidth
header.vheight = frameHeight
header.reserved = String$(16, Chr$(0))
header.listStrlVid = "LIST"
header.strlVidSize = 29 * 4 + 4 * 2
header.strlVidSig = "strl"
header.strhVidID = "strh"
header.strhVidSize = 64
header.fccType = "vids"
header.fccHandler = "DIB " ' Uncompressed video (DIB)
header.streamflags = 0
header.priority = 0
header.language = 0
header.initialFrames = 0
header.scale = 1
header.rate = vidFPS
header.start = 0
header.length = numFrames
header.streamSuggestedBufferSize = frameSize
header.quality = -1
header.sampleSize = 0
header.frameLeft = 0
header.frameTop = 0
header.frameRight = frameWidth
header.frameBottom = frameHeight
header.strfVidID = "strf"
header.strfVidSize = 40
header.size = 40
header.iwidth = frameWidth
header.iheight = -frameHeight ' Negative height indicates top-down format
header.planes = 1
header.bitCount = 32
header.compression = 0 ' BI_RGB = uncompressed
header.sizeImage = frameSize
header.xPelsPerMeter = 0
header.yPelsPerMeter = 0
header.clrUsed = 0
header.clrImportant = 0
header.listStrlAud = "LIST"
header.strlAudSize = 22 * 4 + 7 * 2
header.strlAudSig = "strl"
header.strhAudID = "strh"
header.strhAudSize = 64
header.afccType = "auds"
header.afccHandler = String$(4, 0) ' For PCM audio, this is typically empty
header.astreamflags = 0
header.apriority = 0
header.alanguage = 0
header.ainitialFrames = 0
header.ascale = 1
header.arate = sampleRate
header.astart = 0
header.alength = totalSamplesPerChannel
header.astreamSuggestedBufferSize = sampleRate * 4 ' 2 channels x 2 bytes per sample (is used 16bit stereo waveform sound, 1 integer to 1 sample)
header.aquality = -1
header.asampleSize = 4 ' 4 bytes per stereo sample (2 bytes left + 2 bytes right)
header.aframeLeft = 0
header.aframeTop = 0
header.aframeRight = 0
header.aframeBottom = 0
header.strfAudID = "strf"
header.strfAudSize = 16
header.wFormatTag = 1
header.nChannels = 2
header.nSamplesPerSec = sampleRate
header.wBitsPerSample = 16
header.nBlockAlign = header.nChannels * (header.wBitsPerSample \ 8)
header.nAvgBytesPerSec = header.nSamplesPerSec * header.nBlockAlign
header.cbSize = 0
header.listMovi = "LIST"
header.moviSize = 0
header.moviSig = "movi"
Put #fileNum, , header
Dim moviDataStart As Long: moviDataStart = Seek(fileNum)
' --------------------------------------------------------------
' Interleaved writing of video and audio chunks:
' For each second: 30 video frames and 1 audio chunk (1 second) - this solution MUST NOT BE ALWAYS OPTIMAL! is possible writing sound data after every 5 th frame...
' --------------------------------------------------------------
Dim chunkOffset As Long
Dim frameChunkID As String: frameChunkID = "00db"
Dim padByte As String: padByte = Chr$(0)
Dim chunkOffsetAud As Long
Dim audioChunkID As String: audioChunkID = "01wb"
Dim audioChunkSize As Long
Dim As Integer SampleL, SampleR 'Variables for left and right channel samples
Dim sm As _MEM
Dim img As Long: img = _NewImage(frameWidth, frameHeight, 32)
'Dim img2 As Long: img2 = _NewImage(frameWidth, frameHeight, 32)
Dim freq As Single: freq = 500 'Starting frequency in Hz
Dim videoIndex As Long: videoIndex = 0
Dim frame As String: frame = Space$(frameSize)
' --------------------------------------------------------------
' LET'S HAVE SOME FUN WITH ANIMATION
' --------------------------------------------------------------
Type ObjectType
x As Integer
y As Integer
size As Integer
minSize As Integer
maxSize As Integer
ds As Integer
ss As Integer
cs As Integer
color1 As Integer
color2 As Integer
dx As Integer
dy As Integer
sx As Integer
sy As Integer
cx As Integer
cy As Integer
width As Integer
height As Integer
End Type
ReDim ColorArray(-1) As _Unsigned Long
Dim iColor1 As Integer
Dim iColor2 As Integer
ReDim arrObject(1 To 100) As ObjectType
Dim iLoop As Integer
Dim iMinSize As Integer
Dim iMaxSize As Integer
Dim iCircleCount As Integer
AddSpectrumColors ColorArray() ' INIT SPECTRUM COLOR ARRAY
If frameWidth < frameHeight Then
iMinSize = frameWidth \ 100
iMaxSize = frameWidth \ 15
Else
iMinSize = frameHeight \ 100
iMaxSize = frameHeight \ 15
End If
Randomize Timer
iCircleCount = RandomNumber%(UBound(arrObject) \ 2, UBound(arrObject))
For iLoop = 1 To iCircleCount
arrObject(iLoop).x = RandomNumber%(1, frameWidth)
arrObject(iLoop).y = RandomNumber%(1, frameHeight)
arrObject(iLoop).minSize = RandomNumber%(10, iMinSize)
arrObject(iLoop).maxSize = RandomNumber%(10, iMaxSize)
arrObject(iLoop).size = arrObject(iLoop).minSize
arrObject(iLoop).ds = 1
arrObject(iLoop).ss = RandomNumber%(1, 3)
arrObject(iLoop).cs = 0
Do
arrObject(iLoop).color1 = RandomNumber%(LBound(ColorArray), UBound(ColorArray))
arrObject(iLoop).color2 = RandomNumber%(LBound(ColorArray), UBound(ColorArray))
If arrObject(iLoop).color1 <> arrObject(iLoop).color2 Then Exit Do
Loop
Do
arrObject(iLoop).dx = RandomNumber%(-1, 1)
arrObject(iLoop).dy = RandomNumber%(-1, 1)
If arrObject(iLoop).dx <> 0 Or arrObject(iLoop).dy <> 0 Then Exit Do
Loop
arrObject(iLoop).sx = RandomNumber%(1, 4)
arrObject(iLoop).sy = RandomNumber%(1, 4)
arrObject(iLoop).cx = 0
arrObject(iLoop).cy = 0
Next iLoop
' RANDOM BOXES
ReDim GrayArray(-1) As _Unsigned Long
Dim arrBox(1 To 100) As ObjectType
Dim iBoxCount As Integer
AddGrayscaleColors GrayArray() ' INIT GRAYSCALE COLOR ARRAY
iBoxCount = RandomNumber%((UBound(arrBox) * .75), UBound(arrBox))
For iLoop = 1 To iBoxCount
arrBox(iLoop).x = RandomNumber%(1, frameWidth)
arrBox(iLoop).y = RandomNumber%(1, frameHeight)
arrBox(iLoop).width = RandomNumber%(iMinSize * 2, iMaxSize * 2)
arrBox(iLoop).height = RandomNumber%(iMinSize, iMaxSize \ 2)
arrBox(iLoop).dx = 1
arrBox(iLoop).dy = 0
arrBox(iLoop).sx = RandomNumber%(1, 3)
arrBox(iLoop).sy = RandomNumber%(1, 3)
arrBox(iLoop).cx = 0
arrBox(iLoop).cy = 0
arrBox(iLoop).color1 = RandomNumber%(LBound(GrayArray), UBound(GrayArray))
Next iLoop
' --------------------------------------------------------------
' GENERATE THE VIDEO
' --------------------------------------------------------------
Dim sTotal As String
Locate 1, 1: Print "Generating video file " + Chr$(34) + fn$ + Chr$(34)
sTotal = " of " + _Trim$(Str$(videoDuration))
For sec% = 1 To videoDuration
' SHOW PROGRESS
Locate 3, 1: Print _Trim$(Str$(sec%)) + sTotal + " ";
' Write video chunks
For i% = 1 To vidFPS
chunkOffset = Seek(fileNum) - moviDataStart
Put #fileNum, , frameChunkID
Put #fileNum, , frameSize
videoIndex = videoIndex + 1
' GENERATE NEXT FRAME
_Dest img '@@
Cls: _PrintMode _KeepBackground
' DRAW BOXES
'For j% = 1 To 100
' Line (Rnd * frameWidth, Rnd * frameHeight)-(Rnd * frameWidth, Rnd * frameHeight), _RGB32(Rnd * 255, Rnd * 255, Rnd * 255), B
'Next j%
For iLoop = 1 To iBoxCount
' MOVE X-AXIS
If arrBox(iLoop).dx <> 0 Then
'arrBox(iLoop).cx = arrBox(iLoop).cx + 1
'If arrBox(iLoop).cx >= arrBox(iLoop).sx Then
' arrBox(iLoop).cx = 0
arrBox(iLoop).x = arrBox(iLoop).x + arrBox(iLoop).dx
If arrBox(iLoop).x > frameWidth Then
arrBox(iLoop).x = 1
ElseIf arrBox(iLoop).x < 1 Then
arrBox(iLoop).x = frameWidth
End If
'End If
End If
' MOVE Y-AXIS
If arrBox(iLoop).dy <> 0 Then
'arrBox(iLoop).cy = arrBox(iLoop).cy + 1
'If arrBox(iLoop).cy >= arrBox(iLoop).sy Then
' arrBox(iLoop).cy = 0
arrBox(iLoop).y = arrBox(iLoop).y + arrBox(iLoop).dy
If arrBox(iLoop).y > frameHeight Then
arrBox(iLoop).y = 1
ElseIf arrBox(iLoop).y < 1 Then
arrBox(iLoop).y = frameHeight
End If
'End If
End If
' DRAW IT
_Dest img
'DrawRectOutline arrBox(iLoop).x, arrBox(iLoop).y, _
' arrBox(iLoop).width, arrBox(iLoop).height, GrayArray(arrBox(iLoop).color1)
DrawRectSolid arrBox(iLoop).x, arrBox(iLoop).y, _
arrBox(iLoop).width, arrBox(iLoop).height, GrayArray(arrBox(iLoop).color1)
Next iLoop
' DRAW CIRCLES
For iLoop = 1 To iCircleCount
' MOVE X-AXIS
If arrObject(iLoop).dx <> 0 Then
'arrObject(iLoop).cx = arrObject(iLoop).cx + 1
'If arrObject(iLoop).cx >= arrObject(iLoop).sx Then
' arrObject(iLoop).cx = 0
arrObject(iLoop).x = arrObject(iLoop).x + arrObject(iLoop).dx
If arrObject(iLoop).x > frameWidth Then
arrObject(iLoop).x = 1
ElseIf arrObject(iLoop).x < 1 Then
arrObject(iLoop).x = frameWidth
End If
'End If
End If
' MOVE Y-AXIS
If arrObject(iLoop).dy <> 0 Then
'arrObject(iLoop).cy = arrObject(iLoop).cy + 1
'If arrObject(iLoop).cy >= arrObject(iLoop).sy Then
' arrObject(iLoop).cy = 0
arrObject(iLoop).y = arrObject(iLoop).y + arrObject(iLoop).dy
If arrObject(iLoop).y > frameHeight Then
arrObject(iLoop).y = 1
ElseIf arrObject(iLoop).y < 1 Then
arrObject(iLoop).y = frameHeight
End If
'End If
End If
' CHANGE SIZE
'arrObject(iLoop).cs = arrObject(iLoop).cs + 1
'If arrObject(iLoop).cs >= arrObject(iLoop).ss Then
' arrObject(iLoop).cs = 0
arrObject(iLoop).size = arrObject(iLoop).size + arrObject(iLoop).ds
If arrObject(iLoop).size > arrObject(iLoop).maxSize Then
arrObject(iLoop).size = arrObject(iLoop).maxSize
arrObject(iLoop).ds = -1
ElseIf arrObject(iLoop).size < arrObject(iLoop).minSize Then
arrObject(iLoop).size = arrObject(iLoop).minSize
arrObject(iLoop).ds = 1
End If
'End If
' DRAW IT
DrawCircle img, _
arrObject(iLoop).x, arrObject(iLoop).y, _
arrObject(iLoop).size, 1, _
ColorArray(arrObject(iLoop).color2), ColorArray(arrObject(iLoop).color1)
Next iLoop
' SHOW FRAME # AND TIME
_PrintString (350, 250), "Video Frame " + _ToStr$(videoIndex)
_PrintString (350, 250 + (_FontHeight * 2)), "Time (seconds): " + _Trim$(Str$(sec%)) + sTotal
_Dest 0
'_PutImage (0, 0), img, img2, (0, frameHeight)-(frameWidth, 0) ' For VLC Player
'_PutImage (0, 0), img, img2 ' For WMP, MPC-HC Player
sm = _MemImage(img)
frame = Space$(frameSize)
_MemGet sm, sm.OFFSET, frame
_MemFree sm
Put #fileNum, , frame
If (frameSize Mod 2) <> 0 Then Put #fileNum, , padByte
idxCount = idxCount + 1
idxArr(idxCount).chunkID = frameChunkID
idxArr(idxCount).flags = &H10 ' Keyframe flag
idxArr(idxCount).offset = chunkOffset
idxArr(idxCount).size = frameSize
Next i%
' Write audio chunk for the current second
chunkOffsetAud = Seek(fileNum) - moviDataStart
Put #fileNum, , audioChunkID
audioChunkSize = sampleRate * 2 * 2 ' 1 second = sampleRate * (2 channels x 2 bytes)
Put #fileNum, , audioChunkSize
audioBuffer$ = String$(sampleRate * 4, 0)
For l& = 0 To sampleRate - 1
t! = l& / sampleRate: pan! = l& / totalSamplesPerChannel
freq = freq + 5 - 10 * Int(Rnd * 2)
SampleL = (32767 * 0.9 * (1 - pan!) * Sin(2 * 3.14159 * freq * t!)) And &HFFFF
SampleR = (32767 * 0.9 * pan! * Sin(2 * 3.14159 * freq * t!)) And &HFFFF
Asc(audioBuffer$, l& * 4 + 1) = SampleL And &HFF
Asc(audioBuffer$, l& * 4 + 2) = (SampleL \ 256) And &HFF
Asc(audioBuffer$, l& * 4 + 3) = SampleR And &HFF
Asc(audioBuffer$, l& * 4 + 4) = (SampleR \ 256) And &HFF
Next l&
Put #fileNum, , audioBuffer$
idxCount = idxCount + 1
idxArr(idxCount).chunkID = audioChunkID
idxArr(idxCount).flags = 0
idxArr(idxCount).offset = chunkOffsetAud
idxArr(idxCount).size = audioChunkSize
Next sec%
_Dest 0
_FreeImage img
currPos = Seek(fileNum)
header.moviSize = currPos - moviSizePos - 4
header.riffSize = Seek(fileNum) - 8
Dim idxHeader As String: idxHeader = "idx1": Put #fileNum, , idxHeader
Dim idxSize As Long: idxSize = idxCount * 16: Put #fileNum, , idxSize
Dim n As Long
For n = 1 To idxCount
Put #fileNum, , idxArr(n).chunkID
Put #fileNum, , idxArr(n).flags
Put #fileNum, , idxArr(n).offset
Put #fileNum, , idxArr(n).size
Next n
Put #fileNum, 1, header
Close #fileNum
Print
' Display file name/path in inputbox so user can copy to clipboard.
Dim in$
in$ = _INPUTBOX$(m_ProgramName$, _
"File created." + chr$(13) + _
"Open it with your media player program" + chr$(13) + _
"(VLC player recommended).", _
avi$) ' title, message, default
End Sub ' CreateAVI
' ################################################################################################################################################################
' BEGIN GENERAL PURPOSE ROUTINES #GEN
' ################################################################################################################################################################
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Function AppendString$ (MyString As String, NewString As String, MyDelimiter As String)
Dim sResult As String: sResult = MyString
If Len(MyString) > 0 Then
sResult = sResult + MyDelimiter
End If
sResult = sResult + NewString
AppendString$ = sResult
End Function ' AppendString$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Sub AppendToStringArray (MyStringArray$(), MyString$)
ReDim _Preserve MyStringArray$(LBound(MyStringArray$) To UBound(MyStringArray$) + 1)
MyStringArray$(UBound(MyStringArray$)) = MyString$
End Sub ' AppendToStringArray
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' See also StringTo2dArray
Function Array2dToString$ (MyArray() As String)
Dim MyString As String
Dim iY As Integer
Dim iX As Integer
Dim sLine As String
MyString = ""
For iY = LBound(MyArray, 1) To UBound(MyArray, 1)
sLine = ""
For iX = LBound(MyArray, 2) To UBound(MyArray, 2)
sLine = sLine + MyArray(iY, iX)
Next iX
MyString = MyString + sLine + Chr$(13)
Next iY
Array2dToString$ = MyString
End Function ' Array2dToString$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
$If Then
Function Array2dToStringTest$ (MyArray() As String)
Dim MyString As String
Dim iY As Integer
Dim iX As Integer
Dim sLine As String
MyString = ""
MyString = MyString + " 11111111112222222222333" + Chr$(13)
MyString = MyString + " 12345678901234567890123456789012" + Chr$(13)
For iY = LBound(MyArray, 1) To UBound(MyArray, 1)
sLine = ""
sLine = sLine + Right$(" " + cstr$(iY), 2)
For iX = LBound(MyArray, 2) To UBound(MyArray, 2)
sLine = sLine + MyArray(iY, iX)
Next iX
sLine = sLine + Right$(" " + cstr$(iY), 2)
MyString = MyString + sLine + Chr$(13)
Next iY
MyString = MyString + " 12345678901234567890123456789012" + Chr$(13)
MyString = MyString + " 11111111112222222222333" + Chr$(13)
Array2dToStringTest$ = MyString
End Function ' Array2dToStringTest$
$End If
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' use angles in degrees units instead of radians (converted inside sub)
' Note this function uses whatever the default type is, better not be some Integer Type.
Function CosD (degrees)
CosD = Cos(_D2R(degrees))
End Function ' CosD
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Integer to string
Function cstr$ (myValue)
'cstr$ = LTRIM$(RTRIM$(STR$(myValue)))
cstr$ = _Trim$(Str$(myValue))
End Function ' cstr$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Long to string
Function cstrl$ (myValue As Long)
cstrl$ = _Trim$(Str$(myValue))
End Function ' cstrl$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Single to string
Function cstrs$ (myValue As Single)
''cstr$ = LTRIM$(RTRIM$(STR$(myValue)))
cstrs$ = _Trim$(Str$(myValue))
End Function ' cstrs$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Unsigned Long to string
Function cstrul$ (myValue As _Unsigned Long)
cstrul$ = _Trim$(Str$(myValue))
End Function ' cstrul$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Simple timestamp function
' In the format yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss
' in 24-hour time.
Function CurrentDateTime$
CurrentDateTime$ = Mid$(Date$, 7, 4) + "-" + _
Mid$(Date$, 1, 5) + " " + _
Time$
End Function ' CurrentDateTime$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' use angles in degrees units instead of radians (converted inside sub)
' Note this function uses whatever the default type is, better not be some Integer Type.
Function DAtan2 (x1, y1, x2, y2) ' The angle in degrees a 2nd point (x2, y2) makes to a first point (x1, y1)
' Delta means change between 1 measure and another for example x2 - x1
deltaX = x2 - x1
deltaY = y2 - y1
' To find the angle point(x2, y2) makes to (x1, y1) in Degrees
' Take DegreeAngle = DAtan2(y2 - y1, x2 - x1)
rtn = _R2D(_Atan2(deltaY, deltaX))
If rtn < 0 Then
DAtan2 = rtn + 360
Else
DAtan2 = rtn
End If
End Function ' DAtan2
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Hack function, to be replaced with something better
Function DblToInt% (dblOld As Double)
Dim dblNew As Double
Dim sValue As String
Dim iPos As Integer
dblNew = RoundDouble#(dblOld, 0)
'sValue = _Trim$(Str$(dblNew))
sValue = DblToStr$(dblNew)
'iPos = InStr(1, sValue, ".")
'If iPos > 0 Then
' DblToInt% = Val(Left$(sValue, iPos - 1))
'Else
' DblToInt% = Val(sValue)
'End If
DblToInt% = Val(sValue)
End Function ' DblToInt%
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Scientific notation - QB64 Wiki
' https://www.qb64.org/wiki/Scientific_notation
' Example: A string function that displays extremely small or large exponential decimal values.
Function DblToStr$ (n#)
Dim result$: result$ = ""
Dim value$
Dim Xpos%
Dim expo%
Dim sign$
Dim valu$
Dim dot%
Dim L%
Dim add$
Dim min$
Dim DP$
Dim n%
value$ = UCase$(LTrim$(Str$(n#)))
Xpos% = InStr(value$, "D") + InStr(value$, "E") ' only D or E can be present
If Xpos% Then
expo% = Val(Mid$(value$, Xpos% + 1))
If Val(value$) < 0 Then
sign$ = "-"
valu$ = Mid$(value$, 2, Xpos% - 2)
Else
valu$ = Mid$(value$, 1, Xpos% - 1)
End If
dot% = InStr(valu$, ".")
L% = Len(valu$)
If expo% > 0 Then
add$ = String$(expo% - (L% - dot%), "0")
End If
If expo% < 0 Then
min$ = String$(Abs(expo%) - (dot% - 1), "0")
DP$ = "."
End If
For n% = 1 To L%
If Mid$(valu$, n%, 1) <> "." Then
num$ = num$ + Mid$(valu$, n%, 1)
End If
Next n%
result$ = _Trim$(sign$ + DP$ + min$ + num$ + add$)
Else
result$ = value$
End If
DblToStr$ = result$
End Function ' DblToStr$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Function DblRoundedToStr$ (dblValue As Double, intNumPlaces As Integer)
Dim dblNew As Double
dblNew = RoundDouble#(dblValue, intNumPlaces)
DblRoundedToStr$ = DblToStr$(dblNew)
End Function ' DblRoundedToStr$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Receives an {sDelim} delimited list {sInput}
' returns the list with all duplicate entries removed.
Function DedupeDelimList$ (sInput As String, sDelim As String)
ReDim arrLines(-1) As String
Dim sOutput As String
Dim iLoop As Integer
split sInput, sDelim, arrLines()
sOutput = sDelim
For iLoop = LBound(arrLines) To UBound(arrLines)
If InStr(1, sOutput, sDelim + arrLines(iLoop) + sDelim) = 0 Then
sOutput = sOutput + arrLines(iLoop) + sDelim
End If
Next iLoop
DedupeDelimList$ = sOutput
End Function ' DedupeDelimList$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Function DoubleABS# (dblValue As Double)
If Sgn(dblValue) = -1 Then
DoubleABS# = 0 - dblValue
Else
DoubleABS# = dblValue
End If
End Function ' DoubleABS#
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' bplus: The Gold Standard is even better than THE QB64 CIRCLE sub in this respect!
' https://forum.qb64.org/index.php?topic=1044.135
' from Steve Gold standard
' Renamed fcirc to DrawCircleSolid
' Not as fast as DrawCircleTopLeft but pretty fast.
' Example:
' Screen _NewImage(800, 600, 32)
' _ScreenMove 250, 60
' For r = 250 To 0 Step -60
' DrawCircleSolid 400, 300, r, _RGBA(255, 255, 255, 100)
' Next r
Sub DrawCircleSolid (CX As Integer, CY As Integer, R As Integer, C As _Unsigned Long)
Dim Radius As Integer, RadiusError As Integer
Dim X As Integer, Y As Integer
Radius = Abs(R)
RadiusError = -Radius
X = Radius
Y = 0
If Radius = 0 Then PSet (CX, CY), C: Exit Sub
' Draw the middle span here so we don't draw it twice in the main loop,
' which would be a problem with blending turned on.
Line (CX - X, CY)-(CX + X, CY), C, BF
While X > Y
RadiusError = RadiusError + Y * 2 + 1
If RadiusError >= 0 Then
If X <> Y + 1 Then
Line (CX - Y, CY - X)-(CX + Y, CY - X), C, BF
Line (CX - Y, CY + X)-(CX + Y, CY + X), C, BF
End If
X = X - 1
RadiusError = RadiusError - X * 2
End If
Y = Y + 1
Line (CX - X, CY - Y)-(CX + X, CY - Y), C, BF
Line (CX - X, CY + Y)-(CX + X, CY + Y), C, BF
Wend
End Sub ' DrawCircleSolid
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Draws scaled + rotated text to screen
' by BPlus
' Scale rotate font text strings by B+
' https://qb64phoenix.com/forum/showthread.php?tid=414&highlight=rotate+text
' INPUT:
' S$ is the string to display
' c is the color (will have a transparent background)
' midX and midY is the center of where you want to display the string
' xScale would multiply 8 pixel width of default font
' yScale would multiply the 16 pixel height of the default font
' Rotation is in Radian units, use _D2R to convert Degree units to Radian units
' DEPENDENCIES:
' drwString needs sub RotoZoom2, intended for graphics screens using the default font.
Sub drwString (S$, c As _Unsigned Long, midX, midY, xScale, yScale, Rotation As Single)
I& = _NewImage(_PrintWidth(S$), _FontHeight, 32)
_Dest I&
Color c, _RGBA32(0, 0, 0, 0)
_PrintString (0, 0), S$
_Dest storeDest&
RotoZoom2 midX, midY, I&, xScale, yScale, Rotation
_FreeImage I&
End Sub ' drwString
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Sub DumpScreenAndFontSize ()
Dim iCols As Integer
Dim iRows As Integer
'Screen _NewImage(1024, 768, 32): _ScreenMove 0, 0
iCols = _Width(0) \ _FontWidth
iRows = _Height(0) \ _FontHeight
Print "_Width(0) =" + _Trim$(Str$(_Width(0)))
Print "_Height(0) =" + _Trim$(Str$(_Height(0)))
Print "_FontWidth =" + _Trim$(Str$(_FontWidth))
Print "_FontHeight=" + _Trim$(Str$(_FontHeight))
Print "iCols = _Width(0) \ _FontWidth = " + _Trim$(Str$(iCols))
Print "iRows = _Height(0) \ _FontHeight = " + _Trim$(Str$(iRows))
End Sub ' DumpScreenAndFontSize
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' SMcNeill
' More efficient version of ExtendedTimer.
' This stores our day values and only updates them when necessary.
' We really don't need to figure out how many seconds are in today over and over endlessly
' -- just count them once, and when the clock swaps back to 0:0:0, add 24*60*60 seconds to the count.
' Re: how to time something (ie do loop for n seconds)
' https://forum.qb64.org/index.php?topic=4682.0
Function ExtendedTimer##
'modified extendedtimer to store the old day's count, and not have to recalculate it every time the routine is called.
Static olds As _Float, old_day As _Float
Dim m As Integer, d As Integer, y As Integer
Dim s As _Float, day As String
If olds = 0 Then 'calculate the day the first time the extended timer runs
day = Date$
m = Val(Left$(day, 2))
d = Val(Mid$(day, 4, 2))
y = Val(Right$(day, 4)) - 1970
Select Case m 'Add the number of days for each previous month passed
Case 2: d = d + 31
Case 3: d = d + 59
Case 4: d = d + 90
Case 5: d = d + 120
Case 6: d = d + 151
Case 7: d = d + 181
Case 8: d = d + 212
Case 9: d = d + 243
Case 10: d = d + 273
Case 11: d = d + 304
Case 12: d = d + 334
End Select
If (y Mod 4) = 2 And m > 2 Then d = d + 1 'add a day if this is leap year and we're past february
d = (d - 1) + 365 * y 'current month days passed + 365 days per each standard year
d = d + (y + 2) \ 4 'add in days for leap years passed
s = d * 24 * 60 * 60 'Seconds are days * 24 hours * 60 minutes * 60 seconds
old_day = s
End If
If Timer < oldt Then 'we went from 23:59:59 (a second before midnight) to 0:0:0 (midnight)
old_day = s + 83400 'add another worth of seconds to our counter
End If
oldt = Timer
olds = old_day + oldt
ExtendedTimer## = olds
End Function ' ExtendedTimer##
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Function FloatRoundedToStr$ (fValue As _Float, intNumPlaces As Integer)
Dim fNew As _Float
fNew = Round##(fValue, intNumPlaces)
FloatRoundedToStr$ = FloatToStr$(fNew)
End Function ' DblRoundedToStr$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Scientific notation - QB64 Wiki
' https://www.qb64.org/wiki/Scientific_notation
' Example: A string function that displays extremely small or large exponential decimal values.
Function FloatToStr$ (n##)
value$ = UCase$(LTrim$(Str$(n##)))
Xpos% = InStr(value$, "D") + InStr(value$, "E") 'only D or E can be present
If Xpos% Then
expo% = Val(Mid$(value$, Xpos% + 1))
If Val(value$) < 0 Then
sign$ = "-"
valu$ = Mid$(value$, 2, Xpos% - 2)
Else
valu$ = Mid$(value$, 1, Xpos% - 1)
End If
dot% = InStr(valu$, ".")
L% = Len(valu$)
If expo% > 0 Then
add$ = String$(expo% - (L% - dot%), "0")
End If
If expo% < 0 Then
min$ = String$(Abs(expo%) - (dot% - 1), "0")
DP$ = "."
End If
For n = 1 To L%
If Mid$(valu$, n, 1) <> "." Then
num$ = num$ + Mid$(valu$, n, 1)
End If
Next n
Else
FloatToStr$ = value$
Exit Function
End If
FloatToStr$ = _Trim$(sign$ + DP$ + min$ + num$ + add$)
End Function ' FloatToStr$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' TODO: find the newer formatting function?
Function FormatNumber$ (myValue, iDigits As Integer)
Dim strValue As String
strValue = DblToStr$(myValue) + String$(iDigits, " ")
If myValue < 1 Then
If myValue < 0 Then
strValue = Replace$(strValue, "-.", "-0.")
ElseIf myValue > 0 Then
strValue = "0" + strValue
End If
End If
FormatNumber$ = Left$(strValue, iDigits)
End Function ' FormatNumber$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' From: Bitwise Manipulations By Steven Roman
' http://www.romanpress.com/Articles/Bitwise_R/Bitwise.htm
' Returns the 8-bit binary representation
' of an integer iInput where 0 <= iInput <= 255
Function GetBinary$ (iInput1 As Integer)
Dim sResult As String
Dim iLoop As Integer
Dim iInput As Integer: iInput = iInput1
sResult = ""
If iInput >= 0 And iInput <= 255 Then
For iLoop = 1 To 8
sResult = LTrim$(RTrim$(Str$(iInput Mod 2))) + sResult
iInput = iInput \ 2
'If iLoop = 4 Then sResult = " " + sResult
Next iLoop
End If
GetBinary$ = sResult
End Function ' GetBinary$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' wonderfully inefficient way to read if a bit is set
' ival = GetBit256%(int we are comparing, int containing the bits we want to read)
' See also: GetBit256%, SetBit256%
Function GetBit256% (iNum1 As Integer, iBit1 As Integer)
Dim iResult As Integer
Dim sNum As String
Dim sBit As String
Dim iLoop As Integer
Dim bContinue As Integer
'DIM iTemp AS INTEGER
Dim iNum As Integer: iNum = iNum1
Dim iBit As Integer: iBit = iBit1
iResult = _FALSE
bContinue = _TRUE
If iNum < 256 And iBit <= 128 Then
sNum = GetBinary$(iNum)
sBit = GetBinary$(iBit)
For iLoop = 1 To 8
If Mid$(sBit, iLoop, 1) = "1" Then
'if any of the bits in iBit are false, return _FALSE
If Mid$(sNum, iLoop, 1) = "0" Then
iResult = _FALSE
bContinue = _FALSE
Exit For
End If
End If
Next iLoop
If bContinue = _TRUE Then
iResult = _TRUE
End If
End If
GetBit256% = iResult
End Function ' GetBit256%
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Returns the text character at positon x%, y%
' Does the same as:
' Locate y%, x%
' GetCharXY% = Screen(CsrLin, Pos(0))
' See also: GetColorXY&
Function GetCharXY% (x%, y%)
GetCharXY% = Screen(y%, x%, 0) ' when 3rd parameter = 0 returns character code
End Function ' GetCharXY%
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Returns the text color at positon x%, y%
' See also: GetCharXY%
Function GetColorXY& (x%, y%)
GetColorXY& = Screen(y%, x%, 1) ' when 3rd parameter = 1 returns character color
End Function ' GetColorXY
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Simple timestamp function
' Format: {YYYY}-{MM}-{DD} {hh}:[mm}:{ss}
' Uses:
' TIME$
' The TIME$ Function returns a STRING representation
' of the current computer time in a 24 hour format.
' https://qb64phoenix.com/qb64wiki/index.php/TIME$
' DATE$
' The DATE$ function returns the current computer date
' as a string in the format "mm-dd-yyyy".
' https://qb64phoenix.com/qb64wiki/index.php/DATE$
'
' TODO: support template where
' {yyyy} = 4 digit year
' {mm} = 2 digit month
' {dd} = 2 digit day
' {hh} = 2 digit hour (12-hour)
' {rr} = 2 digit hour (24-hour)
' {nn} = 2 digit minute
' {ss} = 2 digit second
' {ampm} = AM/PM
' We got the nn for minute from Microsoft > Office VBA Reference > DateDiff function
' https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office/vba/language/reference/user-interface-help/datediff-function
' PRINT "Current date time (simple format) = " + Chr$(34) + GetCurrentDateTime$("{yyyy}-{mm}-{dd} {rr}:{nn}:{ss}") + Chr$(34)
' PRINT "Current date time (US format) = " + Chr$(34) + GetCurrentDateTime$("{mm}/{dd}/{yyyy} {hh}:{nn}:{ss} {ampm}") + Chr$(34)
' PRINT "Filename timestamp = " + Chr$(34) + GetCurrentDateTime$("{yyyy}{mm}{dd}_{rr}{nn}{ss}") + Chr$(34)
Function GetCurrentDateTime$ (sTemplate$)
Dim sDate$: sDate$ = Date$
Dim sTime$: sTime$ = Time$
Dim sYYYY$: sYYYY$ = Mid$(sDate$, 7, 4)
Dim sMM$: sMM$ = Mid$(sDate$, 1, 2)
Dim sDD$: sDD$ = Mid$(sDate$, 4, 2)
Dim sHH24$: sHH24$ = Mid$(sTime$, 1, 2)
Dim sHH$: sHH$ = ""
Dim sMI$: sMI$ = Mid$(sTime$, 4, 2)
Dim sSS$: sSS$ = Mid$(sTime$, 7, 2)
Dim iHour%: iHour% = Val(sHH24$)
Dim sAMPM$: sAMPM$ = ""
Dim result$: result$ = ""
' FIGURE OUT AM/PM
If InStr(sTemplate$, "{ampm}") > 0 Then
If iHour% = 0 Then
sAMPM$ = "AM"
iHour% = 12
ElseIf iHour% > 0 And iHour% < 12 Then
sAMPM$ = "AM"
ElseIf iHour% = 12 Then
sAMPM$ = "PM"
Else
sAMPM$ = "PM"
iHour% = iHour% - 12
End If
sHH$ = Right$("00" + _Trim$(Str$(iHour%)), 2)
End If
' POPULATE TEMPLATE
result$ = sTemplate$
result$ = Replace$(result$, "{yyyy}", sYYYY$)
result$ = Replace$(result$, "{mm}", sMM$)
result$ = Replace$(result$, "{dd}", sDD$)
result$ = Replace$(result$, "{hh}", sHH$)
result$ = Replace$(result$, "{rr}", sHH24$)
result$ = Replace$(result$, "{nn}", sMI$)
result$ = Replace$(result$, "{ss}", sSS$)
result$ = Replace$(result$, "{ampm}", sAMPM$)
' RETURN RESULT
GetCurrentDateTime$ = result$
End Function ' GetCurrentDateTime$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' From: Bitwise Manipulations By Steven Roman
' http://www.romanpress.com/Articles/Bitwise_R/Bitwise.htm
' Returns the integer that corresponds to a binary string of length 8
Function GetIntegerFromBinary% (sBinary1 As String)
Dim iResult As Integer
Dim iLoop As Integer
Dim strBinary As String
Dim sBinary As String: sBinary = sBinary1
iResult = 0
strBinary = Replace$(sBinary, " ", "") ' Remove any spaces
For iLoop = 0 To Len(strBinary) - 1
iResult = iResult + 2 ^ iLoop * Val(Mid$(strBinary, Len(strBinary) - iLoop, 1))
Next iLoop
GetIntegerFromBinary% = iResult
End Function ' GetIntegerFromBinary%
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Receives a {sDelimeter} delimited list of numbers {MyString}
' and splits it up into an integer array arrInteger()
' beginning at index {iMinIndex}.
Sub GetIntegerArrayFromDelimList (MyString As String, sDelimiter As String, iMinIndex As Integer, arrInteger() As Integer)
ReDim arrString(-1) As String
Dim CleanString As String
Dim iLoop As Integer
Dim iCount As Integer: iCount = iMinIndex - 1
ReDim arrInteger(-1) As Integer
'DebugPrint "GetIntegerArrayFromDelimList " + _
' "MyString=" + chr$(34) + MyString + chr$(34) + ", " + _
' "sDelimiter=" + chr$(34) + sDelimiter + chr$(34) + ", " + _
' "iMinIndex=" + cstr$(iMinIndex) + ", " + _
' "arrInteger()"
If Len(sDelimiter) > 0 Then
CleanString = MyString
If sDelimiter <> " " Then
CleanString = Replace$(CleanString, " ", "")
End If
split CleanString, sDelimiter, arrString()
iCount = iMinIndex - 1
For iLoop = LBound(arrString) To UBound(arrString)
If IsNum%(arrString(iLoop)) = _TRUE Then
iCount = iCount + 1
ReDim _Preserve arrInteger(iMinIndex To iCount) As Integer
arrInteger(iCount) = Val(arrString(iLoop))
'DebugPrint "5633 arrInteger(" + cstr$(iCount) + ") = VAL(arrString(" + cstr$(iLoop) + ")) = " + cstr$(arrInteger(iCount))
End If
Next iLoop
Else
If IsNum%(MyString) = _TRUE Then
ReDim _Preserve arrInteger(iMinIndex To iMinIndex) As Integer
arrInteger(iMinIndex) = Val(MyString)
End If
End If
'CleanString=""
'for iLoop=lbound(arrInteger) to ubound(arrInteger)
'CleanString = CleanString + iifstr$(iLoop=lbound(arrInteger), "", ",") + cstr$(arrInteger(iLoop))
'next iLoop
'DebugPrint "arrInteger=(" + CleanString + ")"
End Sub ' GetIntegerArrayFromDelimList
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Gets the # of seconds so far today
Function GetTimeSeconds& ()
Dim result&: result& = 0
Dim sTime$: sTime$ = Time$
Dim sHH24$: sHH24$ = Mid$(sTime$, 1, 2)
Dim sMI$: sMI$ = Mid$(sTime$, 4, 2)
Dim sSS$: sSS$ = Mid$(sTime$, 7, 2)
result& = result& + Val(sSS$)
result& = result& + (Val(sMI$) * 60)
result& = result& + ((Val(sHH24$) * 60) * 60)
' RETURN RESULT
GetTimeSeconds& = result&
End Function ' GetTimeSeconds&
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Get timestamp for filename
' In the format yyyymmdd_hhmmss
' in 24-hour time.
Function GetTimestampForFilename$
Dim MyDate$
Dim MyTime$
MyDate$ = Date$
MyTime$ = Time$
MyDate$ = Right$(MyDate$, 4) + Left$(MyDate$, 2) + Mid$(MyDate$, 4, 2)
MyTime$ = Replace$(MyTime$, ":", "")
GetTimestampForFilename$ = MyDate$ + "_" + MyTime$
End Function ' GetTimestampForFilename$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' IIF function for QB for integers
Function IIF (Condition, IfTrue, IfFalse)
If Condition Then IIF = IfTrue Else IIF = IfFalse
End Function
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' IIF function for QB for strings
Function IIFSTR$ (Condition, IfTrue$, IfFalse$)
If Condition Then IIFSTR$ = IfTrue$ Else IIFSTR$ = IfFalse$
End Function
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Function IntPadLeft$ (iValue As Integer, iWidth As Integer)
IntPadLeft$ = Right$(String$(iWidth, " ") + _Trim$(Str$(iValue)), iWidth)
End Function ' IntPadLeft$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Function IntPadRight$ (iValue As Integer, iWidth As Integer)
IntPadRight$ = Left$(_Trim$(Str$(iValue)) + String$(iWidth, " "), iWidth)
End Function ' IntPadRight$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Returns _TRUE if number n is even
' https://slaystudy.com/qbasic-program-to-check-if-number-is-even-or-odd/
' see also: IsOdd%
Function IsEven% (n)
If n Mod 2 = 0 Then
IsEven% = _TRUE
Else
IsEven% = _FALSE
End If
End Function ' IsEven%
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Returns _TRUE if value text$ is numeric.
Function IsNum% (text$)
IsNum% = IsNumber%(text$)
End Function ' IsNum%
'' NOTE: THIS FAILS FOR NUMBERS LIKE "002" AND "2.000":
'' from https://www.qb64.org/forum/index.php?topic=896.0
'Function IsNum% (text$)
' Dim a$
' Dim b$
' a$ = _Trim$(text$)
' b$ = _Trim$(Str$(Val(text$)))
' If a$ = b$ Then
' IsNum% = _TRUE
' Else
' IsNum% = _FALSE
' End If
'End Function ' IsNum%
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Returns _TRUE if value OriginalString$ is numeric.
' Re: Does a Is Number function exist in QB64?
' https://www.qb64.org/forum/index.php?topic=896.15
' Version 2 by madscijr
' Returns _TRUE (-1) if string is an integer, _FALSE (0) if not
' Version 1 by MWheatley
' Reply #18 on: January 01, 2019, 11:24:30 AM
' returns 1 if string is an integer, 0 if not
Function IsNumber% (OriginalString$)
Dim bResult%: bResult% = _FALSE
Dim iLoop%
Dim TestString$
'Dim bNegative%
Dim iDecimalCount%
Dim sNextChar$
'THEY SHOULD TRIM OUTSIDE THE FUNCTION!
'TestString$ = _TRIM$(OriginalString$)
If Len(OriginalString$) > 0 Then
TestString$ = ""
If Left$(OriginalString$, 1) = "+" Then
TestString$ = Right$(OriginalString$, Len(OriginalString$) - 1)
'bNegative% = _FALSE
ElseIf Left$(OriginalString$, 1) = "-" Then
TestString$ = Right$(OriginalString$, Len(OriginalString$) - 1)
'bNegative% = _TRUE
Else
TestString$ = OriginalString$
'bNegative% = _FALSE
End If
If Len(TestString$) > 0 Then
bResult% = _TRUE
iDecimalCount% = 0
For iLoop% = 1 To Len(TestString$)
sNextChar$ = Mid$(TestString$, iLoop%, 1)
If sNextChar$ = "." Then
iDecimalCount% = iDecimalCount% + 1
If iDecimalCount% > 1 Then
' TOO MANY DECIMAL POINTS, INVALID!
bResult% = _FALSE
Exit For
End If
ElseIf Asc(sNextChar$) < 48 Or Asc(sNextChar$) > 57 Then
' NOT A NUMERAL OR A DECIMAL, INVALID!
bResult% = _FALSE
Exit For
End If
Next iLoop%
End If
End If
IsNumber% = bResult%
End Function ' IsNumber%
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
'Sub IsNumberTest
' Dim in$
' Cls
' IsNumberTest1 "1"
' IsNumberTest1 "01"
' IsNumberTest1 "001"
' IsNumberTest1 "-1"
' IsNumberTest1 "-01"
' IsNumberTest1 "-001"
' IsNumberTest1 "+1"
' IsNumberTest1 "+01"
' IsNumberTest1 "+001"
' IsNumberTest1 ".1"
' IsNumberTest1 ".01"
' IsNumberTest1 ".001"
' IsNumberTest1 ".10"
' IsNumberTest1 ".100"
' IsNumberTest1 "..100"
' IsNumberTest1 "100."
' Input "PRESS ENTER TO CONTINUE TEST";in$
' Cls
' IsNumberTest1 "0.10"
' IsNumberTest1 "00.100"
' IsNumberTest1 "000.1000"
' IsNumberTest1 "000..1000"
' IsNumberTest1 "000.1000.00"
' IsNumberTest1 "+1.00"
' IsNumberTest1 "++1.00"
' IsNumberTest1 "+-1.00"
' IsNumberTest1 "-1.00"
' IsNumberTest1 "-+1.00"
' IsNumberTest1 " 1"
' IsNumberTest1 "1 "
' IsNumberTest1 "1. 01"
' IsNumberTest1 "+1 "
'End Sub ' IsNumberTest
'Sub IsNumberTest1(MyString As String)
' Const cWidth = 16
' Dim sInput As String : sInput = left$(Chr$(34) + MyString + Chr$(34) + String$(cWidth, " "), cWidth)
' Dim sResult As String : sResult = right$(String$(2, " ") + _Trim$(Str$(IsNumber%(MyString))), 2)
' Print "IsNumber%(" + sInput + ") returns " + sResult
'End Sub ' IsNumberTest1
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Returns _TRUE if number n is odd
' https://slaystudy.com/qbasic-program-to-check-if-number-is-even-or-odd/
' see also: IsEven%
Function IsOdd% (n)
If n Mod 2 = 1 Then
IsOdd% = _TRUE
Else
IsOdd% = _FALSE
End If
End Function ' IsOdd%
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Split and join strings
' https://www.qb64.org/forum/index.php?topic=1073.0
'Combine all elements of in$() into a single string with delimiter$ separating the elements.
Function join$ (in$(), delimiter$)
Dim result$
Dim i As Long
result$ = in$(LBound(in$))
For i = LBound(in$) + 1 To UBound(in$)
result$ = result$ + delimiter$ + in$(i)
Next i
join$ = result$
End Function ' join$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Function LeftPadString$ (myString$, toWidth%, padChar$)
LeftPadString$ = Right$(String$(toWidth%, padChar$) + myString$, toWidth%)
End Function ' LeftPadString$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' ABS was returning strange values with type LONG
' so I created this which does not.
Function LongABS& (lngValue As Long)
If Sgn(lngValue) = -1 Then
LongABS& = 0 - lngValue
Else
LongABS& = lngValue
End If
End Function ' LongABS&
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' remove scientific Notation to String (~40 LOC)
' SMcNeill Jan 7, 2020
' https://www.qb64.org/forum/index.php?topic=1555.msg112989#msg112989
' Last Function in code marked Best Answer (removed debug comments and
' blank lines added these 2 lines.)
Function N2S$ (EXP$)
ReDim t$, sign$, l$, r$, r&&
ReDim dp As Long, dm As Long, ep As Long, em As Long, check1 As Long, l As Long, i As Long
t$ = LTrim$(RTrim$(EXP$))
If Left$(t$, 1) = "-" Or Left$(t$, 1) = "N" Then sign$ = "-": t$ = Mid$(t$, 2)
dp = InStr(t$, "D+"): dm = InStr(t$, "D-")
ep = InStr(t$, "E+"): em = InStr(t$, "E-")
check1 = Sgn(dp) + Sgn(dm) + Sgn(ep) + Sgn(em)
If check1 < 1 Or check1 > 1 Then N2S = _Trim$(EXP$): Exit Function ' If no scientic notation is found, or if we find more than 1 type, it's not SN!
Select Case l ' l now tells us where the SN starts at.
Case Is < dp: l = dp
Case Is < dm: l = dm
Case Is < ep: l = ep
Case Is < em: l = em
End Select
l$ = Left$(t$, l - 1) ' The left of the SN
r$ = Mid$(t$, l + 1): r&& = Val(r$) ' The right of the SN, turned into a workable long
If InStr(l$, ".") Then ' Location of the decimal, if any
If r&& > 0 Then
r&& = r&& - Len(l$) + 2
Else
r&& = r&& + 1
End If
l$ = Left$(l$, 1) + Mid$(l$, 3)
End If
Select Case r&&
Case 0 ' what the heck? We solved it already?
' l$ = l$
Case Is < 0
For i = 1 To -r&&
l$ = "0" + l$
Next
l$ = "." + l$
Case Else
For i = 1 To r&&
l$ = l$ + "0"
Next
l$ = l$
End Select
N2S$ = sign$ + l$
End Function ' N2S$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Return filename sFile without file extension (anything after last ".")
Function NoExt$ (sFile As String)
Dim iPos As Integer
iPos = _InStrRev(sFile, ".")
If iPos > 0 Then
If Len(sFile) > 1 Then
If iPos > 1 Then
NoExt$ = Left$(sFile, iPos - 1)
Else
' dot is first character, removing it returns blank!
' our version will just return the name unchanged
' but you can return blank if you prefer
NoExt$ = sFile
End If
Else
' file only has one character, the dot, removing it returns blank!
' our version will just return the name unchanged
' but you can return blank if you prefer
NoExt$ = sFile
End If
Else
' no dot found
' return the name unchanged
NoExt$ = sFile
End If
End Function ' NoExt$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Pauses for iDS deciseconds (iDS * 100 ms)
Sub PauseDecisecond (iDS As Integer)
Dim iCount As Integer
iCount = 0
Do
iCount = iCount + 1
_Limit 10 ' run 10x every second
Loop Until iCount = iDS
End Sub ' PauseDecisecond
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Returns _TRUE if point (x1%, y1%) is adjacent to point (x2%, y2%)
Function PointsAreAdjacent% (x1%, y1%, x2%, y2%)
Dim bResult%: bResult% = _FALSE
' x or y can be the same, but not both
If (x1% <> x2%) Or (y1% <> y2%) Then
If (x1% = x2%) Or ((x1% = (x2% + 1)) Or (x2% = (x1% + 1))) Then
If (y1% = y2%) Or ((y1% = (y2% + 1)) Or (y2% = (y1% + 1))) Then
bResult% = _TRUE
End If
End If
End If
PointsAreAdjacent% = bResult%
End Function ' PointsAreAdjacent%
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Does a _PrintString at the specified row+column.
'
' iRow% and iCol% are 0-based in this version
'
' See also: PrintString, PrintString1, PutCharXY
Sub PrintAt (iRow%, iCol%, sText$)
'_PrintString (iCol% * 8, iRow% * 16), sText$
_PrintString (iCol% * 8, iRow% * 16), sText$
'_PrintString (iCol%, iRow%), sText$
End Sub ' PrintAt
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Writes sText to file sFileName.
' If bAppend=_TRUE appends to file, else overwrites it.
' Returns blank if successful else returns error message.
' Example:
' ProgramPath$ = Left$(Command$(0), _InStrRev(Command$(0), "\"))
' ProgramName$: m_ProgramName$ = Mid$(Command$(0), _InStrRev(Command$(0), "\") + 1)
' sFileName = ProgramPath$ + ProgramName$ + ".OUT.txt"
' sText = "This is a test." + chr$(13) + "Here is line 2." + chr$(13) + "End."
' sError = PrintFile$(sFileName, sText, _FALSE)
Function PrintFile$ (sFileName As String, sText As String, bAppend As Integer)
Dim sError As String: sError = ""
If Len(sError) = 0 Then
If (bAppend = _TRUE) Then
If _FileExists(sFileName) Then
Open sFileName For Append As #1 ' opens an existing file for appending
Else
sError = "Error in PrintFile$ : File not found. Cannot append."
End If
Else
Open sFileName For Output As #1 ' opens and clears an existing file or creates new empty file
End If
End If
If Len(sError) = 0 Then
' NOTE: WRITE places text in quotes in the file
'WRITE #1, x, y, z$
'WRITE #1, sText
' PRINT does not put text inside quotes
Print #1, sText
Close #1
End If
PrintFile$ = sError
End Function ' PrintFile$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Does a _PrintString at the specified row+column.
' iRow and iCol are 0-based.
' See also: PrintString1
Sub PrintString (iRow As Integer, iCol As Integer, MyString As String)
Dim iX As Integer
Dim iY As Integer
iX = _FontWidth * iCol
iY = _FontHeight * iRow ' (iRow + 1)
_PrintString (iX, iY), MyString
End Sub ' PrintString
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Does a _PrintString at the specified row+column.
' iRow and iCol are 1-based.
' See also: PrintString
Sub PrintString1 (iRow As Integer, iCol As Integer, MyString As String)
Dim iX As Integer
Dim iY As Integer
iX = _FontWidth * (iCol - 1)
iY = _FontHeight * (iRow - 1)
_PrintString (iX, iY), MyString
End Sub ' PrintString1
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' iNum% = PromptForIntegerInRange%("Please type a number between {min} and {max} (or blank to quit).", 1, 4, 0) ' prompt, min, max, default
Function PromptForIntegerInRange% (sPrompt$, iMin%, iMax%, iDefault%)
Dim iValue%
Dim bFinished%
Dim sPrompt1$
Dim in$
If Len(sPrompt$) > 0 Then
sPrompt1$ = sPrompt$
Else
sPrompt1$ = "Please type a number between {min} and {max} (or blank to quit)."
End If
sPrompt1$ = Replace$(sPrompt1$, "{min}", cstr$(iMin%))
sPrompt1$ = Replace$(sPrompt1$, "{max}", cstr$(iMax%))
bFinished% = _FALSE
Do
Print sPrompt1$
Input in$
in$ = _Trim$(in$)
If Len(in$) > 0 Then
If IsNumber(in$) Then
iValue% = Val(in$)
If iValue% >= iMin% And iValue% <= iMax% Then
'bFinished% = _TRUE
Exit Do
Else
Print "Number out of range."
Print
End If
Else
Print "Not a valid number."
Print
End If
Else
iValue% = iDefault%
Exit Do
'bFinished% = _TRUE
End If
Loop Until bFinished% = _TRUE
PromptForIntegerInRange% = iValue%
End Function ' PromptForIntegerInRange%
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Prints text character char$ at positoin x%,y% in color myColor&.
Sub PutCharXY (x%, y%, char$, myColor&)
Color myColor&
Locate y%, x%
Print char$;
End Sub ' PutCharXY
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Initializes random number generator seed
' NOTE:
' using # of seconds so far in the day
' may be slightly more random than Randomize Timer
' unless user runs program at exact same time every day
Sub InitializeRandom
Dim iSeed As Integer
'iSeed = GetTimeSeconds& MOD 32767
t9# = (Timer * 1000000) Mod 32767
Randomize iSeed
'print "Randomize " + cstr$(iSeed)
'Sleep
End Sub ' InitializeRandom
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Generate random value between Min and Max inclusive.
' Before using, random-number generator should be initialized with
' Randomize Timer
Function RandomNumber% (Min%, Max%)
Dim NumSpread%
NumSpread% = (Max% - Min%) + 1
RandomNumber% = Int(Rnd * NumSpread%) + Min% ' GET RANDOM # BETWEEN Max% AND Min%
End Function ' RandomNumber%
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
$If Then
Sub RandomNumberTest
Dim iCols As Integer: iCols = 10
Dim iRows As Integer: iRows = 20
Dim iLoop As Integer
Dim iX As Integer
Dim iY As Integer
Dim sError As String
Dim sFileName As String
Dim sText As String
Dim bAppend As Integer
Dim iMin As Integer
Dim iMax As Integer
Dim iNum As Integer
Dim iErrorCount As Integer
Dim sInput$
sFileName = "c:\temp\maze_test_1.txt"
sText = "Count" + Chr$(9) + "Min" + Chr$(9) + "Max" + Chr$(9) + "Random"
bAppend = _FALSE
sError = PrintFile$(sFileName, sText, bAppend)
If Len(sError) = 0 Then
bAppend = _TRUE
iErrorCount = 0
iMin = 0
iMax = iCols - 1
For iLoop = 1 To 100
iNum = RandomNumber%(iMin, iMax)
sText = Str$(iLoop) + Chr$(9) + Str$(iMin) + Chr$(9) + Str$(iMax) + Chr$(9) + Str$(iNum)
sError = PrintFile$(sFileName, sText, bAppend)
If Len(sError) > 0 Then
iErrorCount = iErrorCount + 1
Print Str$(iLoop) + ". ERROR"
Print " " + "iMin=" + Str$(iMin)
Print " " + "iMax=" + Str$(iMax)
Print " " + "iNum=" + Str$(iNum)
Print " " + "Could not write to file " + Chr$(34) + sFileName + Chr$(34) + "."
Print " " + sError
End If
Next iLoop
iMin = 0
iMax = iRows - 1
For iLoop = 1 To 100
iNum = RandomNumber%(iMin, iMax)
sText = Str$(iLoop) + Chr$(9) + Str$(iMin) + Chr$(9) + Str$(iMax) + Chr$(9) + Str$(iNum)
sError = PrintFile$(sFileName, sText, bAppend)
If Len(sError) > 0 Then
iErrorCount = iErrorCount + 1
Print Str$(iLoop) + ". ERROR"
Print " " + "iMin=" + Str$(iMin)
Print " " + "iMax=" + Str$(iMax)
Print " " + "iNum=" + Str$(iNum)
Print " " + "Could not write to file " + Chr$(34) + sFileName + Chr$(34) + "."
Print " " + sError
End If
Next iLoop
Print "Finished generating numbers. Errors: " + Str$(iErrorCount)
Else
Print "Error creating file " + Chr$(34) + sFileName + Chr$(34) + "."
Print sError
End If
Input "Press <ENTER> to continue", sInput$
End Sub ' RandomNumberTest
$End If
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' FROM: String Manipulation
' found at abandoned, outdated and now likely malicious qb64 dot net website
' http://www.qb64.[net]/forum/index_topic_5964-0/
'
'SUMMARY:
' Purpose: A library of custom functions that transform strings.
' Author: Dustinian Camburides (dustinian@gmail.com)
' Platform: QB64 (www.qb64.org)
' Revision: 1.6
' Updated: 5/28/2012
'SUMMARY:
'[Replace$] replaces all instances of the [Find] sub-string with the [Add] sub-string within the [Text] string.
'INPUT:
'Text: The input string; the text that's being manipulated.
'Find: The specified sub-string; the string sought within the [Text] string.
'Add: The sub-string that's being added to the [Text] string.
Function Replace$ (Text1 As String, Find1 As String, Add1 As String)
' VARIABLES:
Dim Text2 As String
Dim Find2 As String
Dim Add2 As String
Dim lngLocation As Long ' The address of the [Find] substring within the [Text] string.
Dim strBefore As String ' The characters before the string to be replaced.
Dim strAfter As String ' The characters after the string to be replaced.
' INITIALIZE:
' MAKE COPIESSO THE ORIGINAL IS NOT MODIFIED (LIKE ByVal IN VBA)
Text2 = Text1
Find2 = Find1
Add2 = Add1
lngLocation = InStr(1, Text2, Find2)
' PROCESSING:
' While [Find2] appears in [Text2]...
While lngLocation
' Extract all Text2 before the [Find2] substring:
strBefore = Left$(Text2, lngLocation - 1)
' Extract all text after the [Find2] substring:
strAfter = Right$(Text2, ((Len(Text2) - (lngLocation + Len(Find2) - 1))))
' Return the substring:
Text2 = strBefore + Add2 + strAfter
' Locate the next instance of [Find2]:
lngLocation = InStr(1, Text2, Find2)
' Next instance of [Find2]...
Wend
' OUTPUT:
Replace$ = Text2
End Function ' Replace$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
$If Then
Sub ReplaceTest
Dim in$
Print "-------------------------------------------------------------------------------"
Print "ReplaceTest"
Print
Print "Original value"
in$ = "Thiz iz a teZt."
Print "in$ = " + Chr$(34) + in$ + Chr$(34)
Print
Print "Replacing lowercase " + Chr$(34) + "z" + Chr$(34) + " with " + Chr$(34) + "s" + Chr$(34) + "..."
in$ = Replace$(in$, "z", "s")
Print "in$ = " + Chr$(34) + in$ + Chr$(34)
Print
Print "Replacing uppercase " + Chr$(34) + "Z" + Chr$(34) + " with " + Chr$(34) + "s" + Chr$(34) + "..."
in$ = Replace$(in$, "Z", "s")
Print "in$ = " + Chr$(34) + in$ + Chr$(34)
Print
Print "ReplaceTest finished."
End Sub ' ReplaceTest
$End If
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Function RightPadString$ (myString$, toWidth%, padChar$)
RightPadString$ = Left$(myString$ + String$(toWidth%, padChar$), toWidth%)
End Function ' RightPadString$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' This sub gives really nice control over displaying an Image.
' by BPlus
' Scale rotate font text strings by B+
' https://qb64phoenix.com/forum/showthread.php?tid=414&highlight=rotate+text
' USED BY: drwString
Sub RotoZoom2 (centerX As Long, centerY As Long, Image As Long, xScale As Single, yScale As Single, Rotation As Single)
Dim px(3) As Single: Dim py(3) As Single
W& = _Width(Image&): H& = _Height(Image&)
px(0) = -W& / 2: py(0) = -H& / 2: px(1) = -W& / 2: py(1) = H& / 2
px(2) = W& / 2: py(2) = H& / 2: px(3) = W& / 2: py(3) = -H& / 2
sinr! = Sin(-Rotation): cosr! = Cos(-Rotation)
For i& = 0 To 3
x2& = (px(i&) * cosr! + sinr! * py(i&)) * xScale + centerX: y2& = (py(i&) * cosr! - px(i&) * sinr!) * yScale + centerY
px(i&) = x2&: py(i&) = y2&
Next
_MapTriangle (0, 0)-(0, H& - 1)-(W& - 1, H& - 1), Image& To(px(0), py(0))-(px(1), py(1))-(px(2), py(2))
_MapTriangle (0, 0)-(W& - 1, 0)-(W& - 1, H& - 1), Image& To(px(0), py(0))-(px(3), py(3))-(px(2), py(2))
End Sub ' RotoZoom2
'' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
'' https://qb64phoenix.com/forum/showthread.php?tid=644
'' From: bplus
'' Date: 07-18-2022, 03:16 PM
'' Here is a Round$ that acts the way you'd expect in under 100 LOC
'' b = b + ...
'
'Function Round$ (anyNumber, dp As Long)
' ' 5 and up at decimal place dp+1 > +1 at decimal place 4 and down > +0 at dp
' ' 2 1 0.-1 -2 -3 -4 ... pick dp like this for this Round$ Function
' sn$ = N2S$(Str$(anyNumber + .5 * 10 ^ dp)) ' get rid of sci notation, steve trims it so next find dot
' dot = InStr(sn$, ".")
' If dot Then
' predot = dot - 1
' postdot = Len(sn$) - (dot + 1)
' Else
' predot = Len(sn$)
' postdot = 0
' End If
' ' xxx.yyyyyy dp = -2
' ' ^ dp
' If dp >= 0 Then
' Rtn$ = Mid$(sn$, 1, predot - dp) + String$(dp, "0")
' Else
' Rtn$ = Mid$(sn$, 1, predot) + "." + Mid$(sn$, dot + 1, -dp)
' End If
' If Rtn$ = "" Then
' Round$ = "0"
' Else
' Round$ = Rtn$
' End If
'End Function ' Round$
'
'' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
''
''Sub RoundTest
'' Print Round$(.15, 0) ' 0
'' Print Round$(.15, -1) ' .2
'' Print Round$(.15, -2) ' .15
'' Print Round$(.15, -3) ' .150
'' Print
'' Print Round$(3555, 0) ' 3555
'' Print Round$(3555, 1) ' 3560
'' Print Round$(3555, 2) ' 3600 'good
'' Print Round$(3555, 3) ' 4000
'' Print
'' Print Round$(23.149999, -1) ' 23.1
'' Print Round$(23.149999, -2) ' 23.15
'' Print Round$(23.149999, -3) ' 23.150
'' Print Round$(23.149999, -4) ' 23.1500
'' Print
'' Print Round$(23.143335, -1) ' 23.1 OK?
'' Print Round$(23.143335, -2) ' 23.14
'' Print Round$(23.143335, -3) ' 23.143
'' Print Round$(23.143335, -4) ' 23.1433
'' Print Round$(23.143335, -5) ' 23.14334
'' Print
'' Dim float31 As _Float
'' float31 = .310000000000009
'' Print Round$(.31, -2) ' .31
'' Print Round$(.31##, -2)
'' Print Round$(float31, -2)
''End Sub ' RoundTest
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' https://www.qb64.org/forum/index.php?topic=3605.0
' Quote from: SMcNeill on Today at 03:53:48 PM
'
' Sometimes, you guys make things entirely too complicated.
' There ya go! Three functions to either round naturally,
' always round down, or always round up, to whatever number of digits you desire.
' EDIT: Modified to add another option to round scientific,
' since you had it's description included in your example.
' Receives + returns _FLOAT myVar## (-1.18E-4932 to +1.18E+4932)
' =============================================================================
' ROUNDING FUNCTIONS FOR TYPE _FLOAT
' old name: RoundNatural##
Function Round## (num##, digits%)
Round## = Int(num## * 10 ^ digits% + .5) / 10 ^ digits%
End Function
Function RoundUp## (num##, digits%)
RoundUp## = _Ceil(num## * 10 ^ digits%) / 10 ^ digits%
End Function
Function RoundDown## (num##, digits%)
RoundDown## = Int(num## * 10 ^ digits%) / 10 ^ digits%
End Function
' old name: Round_Scientific##
Function RoundScientific## (num##, digits%)
RoundScientific## = _Round(num## * 10 ^ digits%) / 10 ^ digits%
End Function
' =============================================================================
' ROUNDING FUNCTIONS FOR TYPE DOUBLE
Function RoundDouble# (num#, digits%)
RoundDouble# = Int(num# * 10 ^ digits% + .5) / 10 ^ digits%
End Function
Function RoundUpDouble# (num#, digits%)
RoundUpDouble# = _Ceil(num# * 10 ^ digits%) / 10 ^ digits%
End Function
Function RoundDownDouble# (num#, digits%)
RoundDownDouble# = Int(num# * 10 ^ digits%) / 10 ^ digits%
End Function
Function RoundScientificDouble# (num#, digits%)
RoundScientificDouble# = _Round(num# * 10 ^ digits%) / 10 ^ digits%
End Function
' =============================================================================
' ROUNDING FUNCTIONS FOR TYPE SINGLE
Function RoundSingle! (num!, digits%)
RoundSingle! = Int(num! * 10 ^ digits% + .5) / 10 ^ digits%
End Function
' NOTE: not sure this one works: when digits%=3, it rounds .31 to .32
Function RoundUpSingle! (num!, digits%)
RoundUpSingle! = _Ceil(num! * 10 ^ digits%) / 10 ^ digits%
End Function
Function RoundDownSingle! (num!, digits%)
RoundDownSingle! = Int(num! * 10 ^ digits%) / 10 ^ digits%
End Function
Function RoundScientificSingle! (num!, digits%)
RoundScientificSingle! = _Round(num! * 10 ^ digits%) / 10 ^ digits%
End Function
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' fantastically inefficient way to set a bit
' example use: arrMaze(iX, iY) = SetBit256%(arrMaze(iX, iY), cS, _FALSE)
' See also: GetBit256%, SetBit256%
' newint=SetBit256%(oldint, int containing the bits we want to set, value to set them to)
Function SetBit256% (iNum1 As Integer, iBit1 As Integer, bVal1 As Integer)
Dim sNum As String
Dim sBit As String
Dim sVal As String
Dim iLoop As Integer
Dim strResult As String
Dim iResult As Integer
Dim iNum As Integer: iNum = iNum1
Dim iBit As Integer: iBit = iBit1
Dim bVal As Integer: bVal = bVal1
If iNum < 256 And iBit <= 128 Then
sNum = GetBinary$(iNum)
sBit = GetBinary$(iBit)
If bVal = _TRUE Then
sVal = "1"
Else
sVal = "0"
End If
strResult = ""
For iLoop = 1 To 8
If Mid$(sBit, iLoop, 1) = "1" Then
strResult = strResult + sVal
Else
strResult = strResult + Mid$(sNum, iLoop, 1)
End If
Next iLoop
iResult = GetIntegerFromBinary%(strResult)
Else
iResult = iNum
End If
SetBit256% = iResult
End Function ' SetBit256%
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
$If Then
Sub ShowDegreesAndRadians
Dim iDegree As Integer
Dim sngRadian As Single
DebugPrint "Degree Radian"
DebugPrint "------ ------"
For iDegree = 0 To 360
sngRadian = _D2R(iDegree)
'DebugPrint LeftPadString$(cstr$(iDegree), 3, " ") + " " + LeftPadString$(cstr$(iRadian), 3, " ")
DebugPrint LeftPadString$(cstr$(iDegree), 3, " ") + " " + SngToStr$(sngRadian)
'Print "SngToStr$(MyValue) =" + SngToStr$(MyValue)
'Print "SngRoundedToStr$(MyValue, 12)=" + SngRoundedToStr$(MyValue, 12)
Next iDegree
End Sub ' ShowDegreesAndRadians
$End If
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' use angles in degrees units instead of radians (converted inside sub)
' Note this function uses whatever the default type is, better not be some Integer Type.
Function SinD (degrees)
SinD = Sin(_D2R(degrees))
End Function ' SinD
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Function SmallestOf3% (i1%, i2%, i3%)
Dim iMin%
iMin% = i1%
If i2% < iMin% Then iMin% = i2%
If i3% < iMin% Then iMin% = i3%
SmallestOf3% = iMin%
End Function ' SmallestOf3
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Function SngRoundedToStr$ (sngValue As Single, intNumPlaces As Integer)
Dim sngNew As Single
sngNew = RoundSingle!(sngValue, intNumPlaces)
SngRoundedToStr$ = SngToStr$(sngNew)
End Function ' SngRoundedToStr$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Hack function, to be replaced with something better
Function SngToInt% (sngOld As Single)
Dim sngNew As Single
Dim sValue As String
Dim iPos As Integer
sngNew = RoundSingle!(sngOld, 0)
'sValue = _Trim$(Str$(sngNew))
sValue = SngToStr$(sngNew)
'iPos = InStr(1, sValue, ".")
'If iPos > 0 Then
' SngToInt% = Val(Left$(sValue, iPos - 1))
'Else
' SngToInt% = Val(sValue)
'End If
SngToInt% = Val(sValue)
End Function ' SngToInt%
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Scientific notation - QB64 Wiki
' https://www.qb64.org/wiki/Scientific_notation
' Example: A string function that displays extremely small or large exponential decimal values.
Function SngToStr$ (n!)
Dim result$: result$ = ""
Dim value$
Dim Xpos%
Dim expo%
Dim sign$
Dim valu$
Dim dot%
Dim L%
Dim add$
Dim min$
Dim DP$
Dim n%
value$ = UCase$(LTrim$(Str$(n!)))
Xpos% = InStr(value$, "D") + InStr(value$, "E") ' only D or E can be present
If Xpos% Then
expo% = Val(Mid$(value$, Xpos% + 1))
If Val(value$) < 0 Then
sign$ = "-"
valu$ = Mid$(value$, 2, Xpos% - 2)
Else
valu$ = Mid$(value$, 1, Xpos% - 1)
End If
dot% = InStr(valu$, ".")
L% = Len(valu$)
If expo% > 0 Then
add$ = String$(expo% - (L% - dot%), "0")
End If
If expo% < 0 Then
min$ = String$(Abs(expo%) - (dot% - 1), "0")
DP$ = "."
End If
For n% = 1 To L%
If Mid$(valu$, n%, 1) <> "." Then
num$ = num$ + Mid$(valu$, n%, 1)
End If
Next n%
result$ = _Trim$(sign$ + DP$ + min$ + num$ + add$)
Else
result$ = value$
End If
SngToStr$ = result$
End Function ' SngToStr$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Split and join strings
' https://www.qb64.org/forum/index.php?topic=1073.0
'
' FROM luke, QB64 Developer
' Date: February 15, 2019, 04:11:07 AM
'
' Given a string of words separated by spaces (or any other character),
' splits it into an array of the words. I've no doubt many people have
' written a version of this over the years and no doubt there's a million
' ways to do it, but I thought I'd put mine here so we have at least one
' version. There's also a join function that does the opposite
' array -> single string.
'
' Code is hopefully reasonably self explanatory with comments and a little demo.
' Note, this is akin to Python/JavaScript split/join, PHP explode/implode.
'Split in$ into pieces, chopping at every occurrence of delimiter$. Multiple consecutive occurrences
'of delimiter$ are treated as a single instance. The chopped pieces are stored in result$().
'
'delimiter$ must be one character long.
'result$() must have been REDIMmed previously.
' Modified to handle multi-character delimiters
Sub split (in$, delimiter$, result$())
Dim start As Integer
Dim finish As Integer
Dim iDelimLen As Integer
ReDim result$(-1)
iDelimLen = Len(delimiter$)
start = 1
Do
'While Mid$(in$, start, 1) = delimiter$
While Mid$(in$, start, iDelimLen) = delimiter$
'start = start + 1
start = start + iDelimLen
If start > Len(in$) Then
Exit Sub
End If
Wend
finish = InStr(start, in$, delimiter$)
If finish = 0 Then
finish = Len(in$) + 1
End If
ReDim _Preserve result$(0 To UBound(result$) + 1)
result$(UBound(result$)) = Mid$(in$, start, finish - start)
start = finish + 1
Loop While start <= Len(in$)
End Sub ' split
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
$If Then
Sub SplitTest
Dim in$
Dim delim$
ReDim arrTest$(0)
Dim iLoop%
delim$ = Chr$(10)
in$ = "this" + delim$ + "is" + delim$ + "a" + delim$ + "test"
Print "in$ = " + Chr$(34) + in$ + Chr$(34)
Print "delim$ = " + Chr$(34) + delim$ + Chr$(34)
split in$, delim$, arrTest$()
For iLoop% = LBound(arrTest$) To UBound(arrTest$)
Print "arrTest$(" + LTrim$(RTrim$(Str$(iLoop%))) + ") = " + Chr$(34) + arrTest$(iLoop%) + Chr$(34)
Next iLoop%
Print
Print "Split test finished."
End Sub ' SplitTest
$End If
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
$If Then
Sub SplitAndReplaceTest
Dim in$
Dim out$
Dim iLoop%
ReDim arrTest$(0)
Print "-------------------------------------------------------------------------------"
Print "SplitAndReplaceTest"
Print
Print "Original value"
in$ = "This line 1 " + Chr$(13) + Chr$(10) + "and line 2" + Chr$(10) + "and line 3 " + Chr$(13) + "finally THE END."
out$ = in$
out$ = Replace$(out$, Chr$(13), "\r")
out$ = Replace$(out$, Chr$(10), "\n")
out$ = Replace$(out$, Chr$(9), "\t")
Print "in$ = " + Chr$(34) + out$ + Chr$(34)
Print
Print "Fixing linebreaks..."
in$ = Replace$(in$, Chr$(13) + Chr$(10), Chr$(13))
in$ = Replace$(in$, Chr$(10), Chr$(13))
out$ = in$
out$ = Replace$(out$, Chr$(13), "\r")
out$ = Replace$(out$, Chr$(10), "\n")
out$ = Replace$(out$, Chr$(9), "\t")
Print "in$ = " + Chr$(34) + out$ + Chr$(34)
Print
Print "Splitting up..."
split in$, Chr$(13), arrTest$()
For iLoop% = LBound(arrTest$) To UBound(arrTest$)
out$ = arrTest$(iLoop%)
out$ = Replace$(out$, Chr$(13), "\r")
out$ = Replace$(out$, Chr$(10), "\n")
out$ = Replace$(out$, Chr$(9), "\t")
Print "arrTest$(" + cstr$(iLoop%) + ") = " + Chr$(34) + out$ + Chr$(34)
Next iLoop%
Print
Print "SplitAndReplaceTest finished."
End Sub ' SplitAndReplaceTest
$End If
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Converts a chr$(13) delimited string
' into a 2-dimensional array.
' Usage:
' Dim StringArray(1 To 48, 1 To 128) As String
' StringTo2dArray StringArray(), GetMap$
' Version 2 with indexed array(row, columm)
' Renamed StringToArray to StringTo2dArray.
' See also: Array2dToString$
Sub StringTo2dArray (MyArray() As String, MyString As String)
Dim sDelim As String
ReDim arrLines(0) As String
Dim iRow As Integer
Dim iCol As Integer
Dim sChar As String
Dim iDim1 As Integer
Dim iDim2 As Integer
Dim iIndex1 As Integer
Dim iIndex2 As Integer
iDim1 = LBound(MyArray, 1)
iDim2 = LBound(MyArray, 2)
sDelim = Chr$(13)
split MyString, sDelim, arrLines()
For iRow = LBound(arrLines) To UBound(arrLines)
If iRow <= UBound(MyArray, 1) Then
For iCol = 1 To Len(arrLines(iRow))
If iCol <= UBound(MyArray, 2) Then
sChar = Mid$(arrLines(iRow), iCol, 1)
If Len(sChar) > 1 Then
sChar = Left$(sChar, 1)
Else
If Len(sChar) = 0 Then
sChar = "."
End If
End If
iIndex1 = iRow + iDim1
iIndex2 = (iCol - 1) + iDim2
MyArray(iIndex1, iIndex2) = sChar
'DebugPrint "MyArray(" + cstr$(iIndex1) + ", " + cstr$(iIndex2) + " = " + chr$(34) + sChar + chr$(34)
Else
' Exit if out of bounds
Exit For
End If
Next iCol
Else
' Exit if out of bounds
Exit For
End If
Next iRow
End Sub ' StringTo2dArray
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Function StrPadLeft$ (sValue As String, iWidth As Integer)
StrPadLeft$ = Right$(String$(iWidth, " ") + sValue, iWidth)
End Function ' StrPadLeft$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Function StrJustifyRight$ (sValue As String, iWidth As Integer)
StrJustifyRight$ = Right$(String$(iWidth, " ") + sValue, iWidth)
End Function ' StrJustifyRight$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Function StrPadRight$ (sValue As String, iWidth As Integer)
StrPadRight$ = Left$(sValue + String$(iWidth, " "), iWidth)
End Function ' StrPadRight$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Function StrJustifyLeft$ (sValue As String, iWidth As Integer)
StrJustifyLeft$ = Left$(sValue + String$(iWidth, " "), iWidth)
End Function ' StrJustifyLeft$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' div: int1% = num1% \ den1%
' mod: rem1% = num1% MOD den1%
Function StrJustifyCenter$ (sValue As String, iWidth As Integer)
Dim iLen0 As Integer
Dim iLen1 As Integer
Dim iLen2 As Integer
Dim iExtra As Integer
iLen0 = Len(sValue)
If iWidth = iLen0 Then
' no extra space: return unchanged
StrJustifyCenter$ = sValue
ElseIf iWidth > iLen0 Then
If IsOdd%(iWidth) Then
iWidth = iWidth - 1
End If
' center
iExtra = iWidth - iLen0
iLen1 = iExtra \ 2
iLen2 = iLen1 + (iExtra Mod 2)
StrJustifyCenter$ = String$(iLen1, " ") + sValue + String$(iLen2, " ")
Else
' string is too long: truncate
StrJustifyCenter$ = Left$(sValue, iWidth)
End If
End Function ' StrJustifyCenter$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Use to pretty print _TRUE and _FALSE values.
Function TrueFalse$ (myValue)
If myValue = _TRUE Then
TrueFalse$ = "_TRUE"
Else
TrueFalse$ = "_FALSE"
End If
End Function ' TrueFalse$
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' ################################################################################################################################################################
' END GENERAL PURPOSE ROUTINES @GEN
' ################################################################################################################################################################
' ################################################################################################################################################################
' BEGIN BOX DRAWING ROUTINES
' ################################################################################################################################################################
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' DRAW A 2-D BOX (OUTLINE)
' https://www.qb64.org/wiki/LINE
Sub DrawBoxOutline (iX As Integer, iY As Integer, iSize As Integer, fgColor As _Unsigned Long)
Line (iX, iY)-(iX + (iSize - 1), iY + (iSize - 1)), fgColor, B ' Draw box outline
End Sub ' DrawBoxOutline
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' DRAW A 2-D BOX (SOLID)
' https://www.qb64.org/wiki/LINE
' Renamed DrawBox/DrawBoxLine to DrawSolidBox
Sub DrawBoxSolid (iX As Integer, iY As Integer, iSize As Integer, fgColor As _Unsigned Long)
Line (iX, iY)-(iX + (iSize - 1), iY + (iSize - 1)), fgColor, BF ' Draw a solid box
End Sub ' DrawBoxSolid
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' DRAW A 2-D RECTANGLE
'DrawRect 0, iX, iY, iSizeW, iSizeH, fgColor, bgColor
Sub DrawRect (img&, iX As Integer, iY As Integer, iSizeW As Integer, iSizeH As Integer, fgColor As _Unsigned Long, bgColor As _Unsigned Long)
'If img& < -1 Then
If img& <= 0 Then
' Select target image
_Dest img& ': Cls , cEmpty
' Draw fill (bgColor)
If bgColor <> cEmpty Then
Line (iX, iY)-(iX + (iSizeW - 1), iY + (iSizeH - 1)), bgColor, BF ' Draw a solid rectangle
End If
' Draw outline (fgColor)
If fgColor <> cEmpty Then
Line (iX, iY)-(iX + (iSizeW - 1), iY + (iSizeH - 1)), fgColor, B ' Draw rectangle outline
End If
End If
End Sub ' DrawRect
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' bplus: The Gold Standard is even better than THE QB64 CIRCLE sub in this respect!
' https://forum.qb64.org/index.php?topic=1044.135
' from Steve Gold standard
' Renamed fcirc to DrawCircleSolid
' Not as fast as DrawCircleTopLeft but pretty fast.
' Example:
' Screen _NewImage(800, 600, 32)
' _ScreenMove 250, 60
' For r = 250 To 0 Step -60
' DrawCircleSolid 400, 300, r, _RGBA(255, 255, 255, 100)
' Next r
'DrawCircle 0, iX, iY, iRadius, iThickness, fgColor, bgColor
Sub DrawCircle (img&, iX As Integer, iY As Integer, iRadius As Integer, iThickness As Integer, fgColor As _Unsigned Long, bgColor As _Unsigned Long)
Dim iLoop As Integer
Dim iNextRadius As Integer
Dim iRadiusError As Integer
Dim iNextX As Integer
Dim iNextY As Integer
If (img& <= 0) And (iThickness > 0) And (fgColor <> cEmpty) Then
' Select target image
_Dest img& ': Cls , cEmpty
' Draw circle fill
If bgColor <> cEmpty Then
iNextRadius = Abs(iRadius)
iRadiusError = -iNextRadius
iNextX = iNextRadius
iNextY = 0
If iNextRadius = 0 Then
PSet (iX, iY), bgColor
Else
' Draw the middle span here so we don't draw it twice in the main loop,
' which would be a problem with blending turned on.
Line (iX - iNextX, iY)-(iX + iNextX, iY), bgColor, BF
While iNextX > iNextY
iRadiusError = iRadiusError + iNextY * 2 + 1
If iRadiusError >= 0 Then
If iNextX <> iNextY + 1 Then
Line (iX - iNextY, iY - iNextX)-(iX + iNextY, iY - iNextX), bgColor, BF
Line (iX - iNextY, iY + iNextX)-(iX + iNextY, iY + iNextX), bgColor, BF
End If
iNextX = iNextX - 1
iRadiusError = iRadiusError - iNextX * 2
End If
iNextY = iNextY + 1
Line (iX - iNextX, iY - iNextY)-(iX + iNextX, iY - iNextY), bgColor, BF
Line (iX - iNextX, iY + iNextY)-(iX + iNextX, iY + iNextY), bgColor, BF
Wend
End If
End If
' Draw circle outline
If fgColor <> cEmpty Then
If iRadius = 0 Then
PSet (iX, iY), fgColor
Else
iNextRadius = iRadius
For iLoop = 1 To iThickness
' DRAW CIRCLE
' CIRCLE (x, y), radius, color
'CIRCLE [[[STEP]]](column, row), radius%, [drawColor%][, startRadian!, stopRadian!] [, aspect!]
Circle (iX, iY), iNextRadius, fgColor
'Line (iLoop * 8, iHeight * 16)-(iLoop * 8 + 8, _Height), cGray, BF
'Circle (iX, iY), 4, cRed
iNextRadius = iNextRadius - 1
If iNextRadius = 0 Then
PSet (iX, iY), fgColor
Exit For
End If
Next iLoop
End If
End If
End If
End Sub ' DrawCircle
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
'DrawCircleOutline 0, iX, iY, iRadius, iThickness, fgColor
Sub DrawCircleOutline (img&, iX As Integer, iY As Integer, iRadius As Integer, iThickness As Integer, fgColor As _Unsigned Long)
Dim iNextRadius As Integer
Dim iLoop As Integer
If (img& <= 0) And (iThickness > 0) And (fgColor <> cEmpty) Then
' Select target image
_Dest img& ': Cls , cEmpty
' Initialize
iNextRadius = iRadius
' Draw circle
If Radius = 0 Then
PSet (iX, iY), fgColor
Else
For iLoop = 1 To iThickness
' DRAW CIRCLE
' CIRCLE (x, y), radius, color
'CIRCLE [[[STEP]]](column, row), radius%, [drawColor%][, startRadian!, stopRadian!] [, aspect!]
Circle (iX, iY), iNextRadius, fgColor
'Line (iLoop * 8, iHeight * 16)-(iLoop * 8 + 8, _Height), cGray, BF
'Circle (iX, iY), 4, cRed
iNextRadius = iNextRadius - 1
If iNextRadius = 0 Then
PSet (iX, iY), fgColor
Exit For
End If
Next iLoop
End If
End If
End Sub ' DrawCircleOutline
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' DRAW A 2-D RECTANGLE (OUTLINE)
'DrawRectOutline iX, iY, iSizeW, iSizeH, fgColor
Sub DrawRectOutline (iX As Integer, iY As Integer, iSizeW As Integer, iSizeH As Integer, fgColor As _Unsigned Long)
Line (iX, iY)-(iX + (iSizeW - 1), iY + (iSizeH - 1)), fgColor, B ' Draw rectangle outline
End Sub ' DrawRectOutline
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' DRAW A 2-D RECTANGLE (SOLID)
'DrawRectSolid iX, iY, iSizeW, iSizeH, fgColor
Sub DrawRectSolid (iX As Integer, iY As Integer, iSizeW As Integer, iSizeH As Integer, fgColor As _Unsigned Long)
Line (iX, iY)-(iX + (iSizeW - 1), iY + (iSizeH - 1)), fgColor, BF ' Draw a solid rectangle
End Sub ' DrawRectSolid
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' DRAW A 2-D BOX (OUTLINE)
' https://www.qb64.org/wiki/LINE
' The style parameter 0-255 doesn't seem to have a solid line?
' For that, use DrawOutlineBox.
' LINE [STEP] [(column1, row1)]-[STEP] (column2, row2), color[, [{B|BF}], style%]
' B creates a box outline with each side parallel to the program screen sides. BF creates a filled box.
' The style% signed INTEGER value sets a dotted pattern to draw the line or rectangle outline.
Sub DrawStyledOutlineBox (iX%, iY%, iSize%, iColor~&, iStyle%)
Line (iX%, iY%)-(iX% + (iSize% - 1), iY% + (iSize% - 1)), iColor~&, B , iStyle%
End Sub ' DrawStyledOutlineBox
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' DRAW A 2-D BOX (OUTLINE) WITH A SOLID LINE
Sub DrawOutlineBox (iX%, iY%, iSize2%, iColor~&, iWeight2%)
Dim iFromX%
Dim iFromY%
Dim iToX%
Dim iToY%
iSize% = iSize2% - 1
iWeight% = iWeight2% - 1
If iWeight% = 0 Then
' TOP LINE
iFromX% = iX%
iFromY% = iY%
iToX% = iX% + iSize%
iToY% = iY%
Line (iFromX%, iFromY%)-(iToX%, iToY%), iColor~&, BF
' BOTTOM LINE
iFromX% = iX%
iFromY% = iY% + iSize%
iToX% = iX% + iSize%
iToY% = iY% + iSize%
Line (iFromX%, iFromY%)-(iToX%, iToY%), iColor~&, BF
' LEFT LINE
iFromX% = iX%
iFromY% = iY%
iToX% = iX%
iToY% = iY% + iSize%
Line (iFromX%, iFromY%)-(iToX%, iToY%), iColor~&, BF
' RIGHT LINE
iFromX% = iX% + iSize%
iFromY% = iY%
iToX% = iX% + iSize%
iToY% = iY% + iSize%
Line (iFromX%, iFromY%)-(iToX%, iToY%), iColor~&, BF
ElseIf iWeight% > 0 Then
' TOP LINE
For iFromY% = iY% To (iY% + iWeight%)
iFromX% = iX%
'iFromY% = iY%
iToX% = iX% + iSize%
iToY% = iFromY%
Line (iFromX%, iFromY%)-(iToX%, iToY%), iColor~&, BF
Next iFromY%
' BOTTOM LINE
For iFromY% = ((iY% + iSize%) - iWeight%) To (iY% + iSize%)
iFromX% = iX%
'iFromY% = iY% + iSize%
iToX% = iX% + iSize%
iToY% = iFromY%
Line (iFromX%, iFromY%)-(iToX%, iToY%), iColor~&, BF
Next iFromY%
' LEFT LINE
For iFromX% = iX% To (iX% + iWeight%)
'iFromX% = iX%
iFromY% = iY%
iToX% = iFromX%
iToY% = iY% + iSize%
Line (iFromX%, iFromY%)-(iToX%, iToY%), iColor~&, BF
Next iFromX%
' RIGHT LINE
For iFromX% = ((iX% + iSize%) - iWeight%) To (iX% + iSize%)
'iFromX% = iX% + iSize%
iFromY% = iY%
iToX% = iFromX%
iToY% = iY% + iSize%
Line (iFromX%, iFromY%)-(iToX%, iToY%), iColor~&, BF
Next iFromX%
End If
End Sub ' DrawOutlineBox
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
'DrawSquare 0, x1, y1, size, fgcolor, bgcolor
Sub DrawSquare (img&, x1%, y1%, size%, fgcolor~&, bgcolor~&)
Dim x2%, y2%
If img& < -1 Then
_Dest img& ': Cls , cEmpty
x2% = (x1% + size%) - 1
y2% = (y1% + size%) - 1
Line (x1%, y1%)-(x2%, y1%), fgcolor~&, , 65535
Line (x2%, y1%)-(x2%, y2%), fgcolor~&, , 65535
Line (x2%, y2%)-(x1%, y2%), fgcolor~&, , 65535
Line (x1%, y2%)-(x1%, y1%), fgcolor~&, , 65535
If bgcolor~& <> cEmpty Then
'PAINT [STEP] (column%, row%), fillColor[, borderColor%]
Paint (x1% + 1, y1% + 1), bgcolor~&, fgcolor~&
End If
End If
End Sub ' Draw Square
' ################################################################################################################################################################
' END BOX DRAWING ROUTINES
' ################################################################################################################################################################
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
' BEGIN RGB COLOR FUNCTIONS #RGB
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Function cRed~& ()
cRed = _RGB32(255, 0, 0)
End Function
Function cOrangeRed~& ()
cOrangeRed = _RGB32(255, 69, 0)
End Function ' cOrangeRed~&
Function cDarkOrange~& ()
cDarkOrange = _RGB32(255, 140, 0)
End Function ' cDarkOrange~&
Function cOrange~& ()
cOrange = _RGB32(255, 165, 0)
End Function ' cOrange~&
Function cGold~& ()
cGold = _RGB32(255, 215, 0)
End Function ' cGold~&
Function cYellow~& ()
cYellow = _RGB32(255, 255, 0)
End Function ' cYellow~&
' LONG-HAIRED FRIENDS OF JESUS OR NOT,
' THIS IS NOT YELLOW ENOUGH (TOO CLOSE TO LIME)
' TO USE FOR OUR COMPLEX RAINBOW SEQUENCE:
Function cChartreuse~& ()
cChartreuse = _RGB32(127, 255, 0)
End Function ' cChartreuse~&
' WE SUBSTITUTE THIS CSS3 COLOR FOR INBETWEEN LIME AND YELLOW:
Function cOliveDrab1~& ()
cOliveDrab1 = _RGB32(192, 255, 62)
End Function ' cOliveDrab1~&
Function cLime~& ()
cLime = _RGB32(0, 255, 0)
End Function ' cLime~&
Function cMediumSpringGreen~& ()
cMediumSpringGreen = _RGB32(0, 250, 154)
End Function ' cMediumSpringGreen~&
' ADDED THIS FOR THE GAUGE COLOR:
Function cSpringGreen~& ()
cSpringGreen = _RGB32(0, 255, 160)
End Function ' cSpringGreen~&
Function cCyan~& ()
cCyan = _RGB32(0, 255, 255)
End Function ' cCyan~&
Function cDeepSkyBlue~& ()
cDeepSkyBlue = _RGB32(0, 191, 255)
End Function ' cDeepSkyBlue~&
Function cDodgerBlue~& ()
cDodgerBlue = _RGB32(30, 144, 255)
End Function ' cDodgerBlue~&
Function cSeaBlue~& ()
cSeaBlue = _RGB32(0, 64, 255)
End Function ' cSeaBlue~&
Function cBlue~& ()
cBlue = _RGB32(0, 0, 255)
End Function ' cBlue~&
Function cBluePurple~& ()
cBluePurple = _RGB32(64, 0, 255)
End Function ' cBluePurple~&
Function cDeepPurple~& ()
cDeepPurple = _RGB32(96, 0, 255)
End Function ' cDeepPurple~&
Function cPurple~& ()
cPurple = _RGB32(128, 0, 255)
End Function ' cPurple~&
Function cPurpleRed~& ()
cPurpleRed = _RGB32(128, 0, 192)
End Function ' cPurpleRed~&
Function cDarkRed~& ()
cDarkRed = _RGB32(160, 0, 64)
End Function ' cDarkRed~&
Function cBrickRed~& ()
cBrickRed = _RGB32(192, 0, 32)
End Function ' cBrickRed~&
Function cDarkGreen~& ()
cDarkGreen = _RGB32(0, 100, 0)
End Function ' cDarkGreen~&
Function cGreen~& ()
cGreen = _RGB32(0, 128, 0)
End Function ' cGreen~&
Function cOliveDrab~& ()
cOliveDrab = _RGB32(107, 142, 35)
End Function ' cOliveDrab~&
Function cLightPink~& ()
cLightPink = _RGB32(255, 182, 193)
End Function ' cLightPink~&
Function cHotPink~& ()
cHotPink = _RGB32(255, 105, 180)
End Function ' cHotPink~&
Function cDeepPink~& ()
cDeepPink = _RGB32(255, 20, 147)
End Function ' cDeepPink~&
Function cMagenta~& ()
cMagenta = _RGB32(255, 0, 255)
End Function ' cMagenta~&
Function cBlack~& ()
cBlack = _RGB32(0, 0, 0)
End Function ' cBlack~&
Function cDimGray~& ()
cDimGray = _RGB32(105, 105, 105)
End Function ' cDimGray~&
Function cGray~& ()
cGray = _RGB32(128, 128, 128)
End Function ' cGray~&
Function cDarkGray~& ()
cDarkGray = _RGB32(169, 169, 169)
End Function ' cDarkGray~&
Function cSilver~& ()
cSilver = _RGB32(192, 192, 192)
End Function ' cSilver~&
Function cLightGray~& ()
cLightGray = _RGB32(211, 211, 211)
End Function ' cLightGray~&
Function cGainsboro~& ()
cGainsboro = _RGB32(220, 220, 220)
End Function ' cGainsboro~&
Function cWhiteSmoke~& ()
cWhiteSmoke = _RGB32(245, 245, 245)
End Function ' cWhiteSmoke~&
Function cWhite~& ()
cWhite = _RGB32(255, 255, 255)
'cWhite = _RGB32(254, 254, 254)
End Function ' cWhite~&
Function cDarkBrown~& ()
cDarkBrown = _RGB32(128, 64, 0)
End Function ' cDarkBrown~&
Function cLightBrown~& ()
cLightBrown = _RGB32(196, 96, 0)
End Function ' cLightBrown~&
Function cKhaki~& ()
cKhaki = _RGB32(240, 230, 140)
End Function ' cKhaki~&
Function cEmpty~& ()
'cEmpty~& = -1
cEmpty = _RGB32(0, 0, 0, 0)
End Function ' cEmpty~&
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
' END RGB COLOR FUNCTIONS @RGB
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
' ################################################################################################################################################################
' BEGIN RGB COLOR ARRAY FUNCTIONS #COLR
' ################################################################################################################################################################
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Sub AddColor (ColorValue As _Unsigned Long, arrColor() As _Unsigned Long)
ReDim _Preserve arrColor(0 To UBound(arrColor) + 1) As _Unsigned Long
arrColor(UBound(arrColor)) = ColorValue
End Sub ' AddColor
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Sub AddColors (ColorValue As _Unsigned Long, arrColor() As _Unsigned Long, HowMany As Long)
Dim iLoop As Integer
For iLoop = 1 To HowMany
AddColor ColorValue, arrColor()
Next iLoop
End Sub ' AddColors
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Sub AddSpectrumColors (arrColor() As _Unsigned Long)
Dim iNum As Integer
iNum = 1
AddColors cRed, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cOrangeRed, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cDarkOrange, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cOrange, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cGold, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cYellow, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cChartreuse, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cOliveDrab1, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cLime, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cMediumSpringGreen, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cSpringGreen, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cCyan, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cDeepSkyBlue, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cDodgerBlue, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cSeaBlue, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cBlue, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cBluePurple, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cDeepPurple, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cPurple, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cPurpleRed, arrColor(), iNum
End Sub ' AddSpectrumColors
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Sub AddGrayscaleColors (arrColor() As _Unsigned Long)
Dim iNum As Integer
iNum = 1
AddColors cDimGray, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cGray, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cDarkGray, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cSilver, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cLightGray, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cGainsboro, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cWhiteSmoke, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cWhite, arrColor(), iNum '* 2
AddColors cWhiteSmoke, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cGainsboro, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cLightGray, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cSilver, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cDarkGray, arrColor(), iNum
AddColors cGray, arrColor(), iNum
End Sub ' AddGrayscaleColors
' ################################################################################################################################################################
' END COLOR ARRAY FUNCTIONS @COLR
' ################################################################################################################################################################
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