Call by reference / value

[Kernelpanic]

To once again take chances handing over arguments to procedures (and functions).

A "Shared" is not necessary to access the address of a variable, as "Call by reference" is the standard access for procedures and functions in QuickBasic (QB64). "Shared" is only necessary if one want to make a variable accessible throughout the entire program.

For "AlsWert einzahlung, (zinswert), jahre" (Line 31) only the interest value is passed as a value, since this value should be changed as a copy.

Code: (Select All)

'Uebung zu Call by reference/value - 27. Nov. 2023



Option _Explicit



Declare Sub AlsWert(einzahlung As Double, zinwertn As Double, jahre As Integer)

Declare Sub AlsReferenz(einzahlung As Double, zinwertn As Double, jahre As Integer)



'einzahlung = Deposit -- zinswert = Interest value

Dim As Double einzahlung, zinswert, endkapital, q

Dim As Integer jahre



Locate 2, 2

Input "Jaehrliche Einzahlung    : ", einzahlung

Locate 3, 2

Input "Hoehe der Verzinsubg      : ", zinswert

Locate 4, 2

Input "Einzahlungsdauer in Jahren: ", jahre



'Zinsfaktor berechnen - (Calculate interest factor)

q = (1 + (zinswert / 100))



'Berechnung des Endkapitals nach X Jahren - (Final capital after X years)

endkapital = (einzahlung * q * (((q ^ jahre) - 1) / (q - 1)))



Locate 6, 2

Print Using "Das Endkapital betraegt bei ##.##% Zinsen nach ## Jahren: ##,####.##"; zinswert, jahre, endkapital



Locate 8, 2

Print "Als Wertuebergabe (Call by value)"

Locate 9, 2

AlsWert einzahlung, (zinswert), jahre



Locate 11, 2

'The interest value was not changed (copy)

Print Using "Der Zinswert wurde nicht veraendert (Kopie): ##.##%"; zinswert



Locate 13, 2

Print "Als Referenz (Call by reference)"

Locate 14, 2

AlsReferenz einzahlung, zinswert, jahre



Locate 16, 2

'The interest value was changed because the program has access to the address of the variable.

Print "Der Zinswert wurde veraendert, da das Programm "

Locate 17, 2

Print Using "Zugriff auf die Adresse hat: ##.##%"; zinswert



End 'Hauptprogramm





Sub AlsWert (einzahlung As Double, zinswert As Double, jahre As Integer)



  Dim As Double endkapital, q



  zinswert = 5.7



  'Zinsfaktor berechnen

  q = (1 + (zinswert / 100))



  'Berechnung des Endkapitals nach X Jahren

  endkapital = (einzahlung * q * (((q ^ jahre) - 1) / (q - 1)))



  Print Using "Das Endkapital betraegt bei ##.##% Zinsen nach ## Jahren: ##,####.##"; zinswert, jahre, endkapital

End Sub



Sub AlsReferenz (einzahlung As Double, zinswert As Double, jahre As Integer)



  Dim As Double endkapital, q



  zinswert = 6.75



  'Zinsfaktor berechnen

  q = (1 + (zinswert / 100))



  'Berechnung des Endkapitals nach X Jahren

  endkapital = (einzahlung * q * (((q ^ jahre) - 1) / (q - 1)))



  Print Using "Das Endkapital betraegt bei ##.##% Zinsen nach ## Jahren: ##,####.##"; zinswert, jahre, endkapital

End Sub

[mnrvovrfc]

Just as long as everybody remembers each parameter is passed to a subprogram by reference. It means the value of a variable could be changed accidentally. BYVAL cannot be used away from DECLARE LIBRARY block, and therefore there is no easy way to do anything about it except to declare local variable copies that protect the incoming parameters.

[SMcNeill]

Thing to remember is that passing via reference only works IF variable types match.  For example, change the types from DOUBLE to _FLOAT in the program above.

Best practice, if one doesn't want values to pass by reference, is just to pass to temp variables.

SUB foo(tempX, tempY)
    x = tempX: y = tempY
    'Now use x/y with zero worry over changing your original variable values.

[TerryRitchie]

Thing to remember is that passing via reference only works IF variable types match.  For example, change the types from DOUBLE to _FLOAT in the program above.

Best practice, if one doesn't want values to pass by reference, is just to pass to temp variables.

SUB foo(tempX, tempY)
    x = tempX: y = tempY
    'Now use x/y with zero worry over changing your original variable values.

Yep, I explain this method in Lesson 6 of the tutorial here. The code that generates Figure 7 (variablepassing2.bas) is an example of Steve's method.