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== ASCII and Extended Codes ==
 
<center>[[Wikipedia:Code page 437|MS-DOS code page 437]]:</center>
==ASCII and Extended Codes==
<center>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_437 MS-DOS code page 437]:</center>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" align="center"
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" align="center"
! colspan="8"|[http://ascii.cl/control-characters.htm ASCII Control 0 to 31]  |        ASCII Keyboard Character Codes 32 to 127
! colspan="8"|[http://ascii.cl/control-characters.htm ASCII Control 0 to 31]  |        ASCII Keyboard Character Codes 32 to 127
Line 14: Line 11:
|  0 ||        (NUL)  || 32 ||  [<tt>[[SPACE$|Spacebar]]</tt>]|| 64 ||  <tt>@</tt> ||  96 ||  <tt>`</tt>
|  0 ||        (NUL)  || 32 ||  [<tt>[[SPACE$|Spacebar]]</tt>]|| 64 ||  <tt>@</tt> ||  96 ||  <tt>`</tt>
|-
|-
|  1 ||  ?   (SOH) || 33 ||  ! || 65 ||  A ||  97 ||  a
|  1 ||  ☺   (SOH) || 33 ||  ! || 65 ||  A ||  97 ||  a
|-
|-
|  2 ||  ?   (STX) || 34 ||  " || 66 ||  B ||  98 ||  b
|  2 ||  ☻   (STX) || 34 ||  " || 66 ||  B ||  98 ||  b
|-
|-
|  3 ||  ?   (ETX) || 35 ||  # || 67 ||  C ||  99 ||  c
|  3 ||  ♥   (ETX) || 35 ||  # || 67 ||  C ||  99 ||  c
|-
|-
|  4 ||  ?   (EOT) || 36 ||  $ || 68 ||  D || 100 ||  d
|  4 ||  ♦   (EOT) || 36 ||  $ || 68 ||  D || 100 ||  d
|-
|-
|  5 ||  ?   (ENQ) || 37 ||  % || 69 ||  E || 101 ||  e
|  5 ||  ♣   (ENQ) || 37 ||  % || 69 ||  E || 101 ||  e
|-
|-
|  6 ||  ?   (ACK) || 38 ||  & || 70 ||  F || 102 ||  f
|  6 ||  ♠   (ACK) || 38 ||  & || 70 ||  F || 102 ||  f
|-
|-
|  7 ||  •  (BEL)  <tt>[[BEEP]]</tt>|| 39 ||  ' || 71 ||  G || 103 ||  g
|  7 ||  •  (BEL)  <tt>[[BEEP]]</tt>|| 39 ||  ' || 71 ||  G || 103 ||  g
|-
|-
|  8 ||  ?   [<tt>BackSpace</tt>] **|| 40 ||  ( || 72 ||  H || 104 ||  h
|  8 ||  ◘   [<tt>BackSpace</tt>] **|| 40 ||  ( || 72 ||  H || 104 ||  h
|-
|-
|  9 ||  ?   (HT)    [<tt>TAB</tt>] **|| 41 ||  ) || 73 ||  I || 105 ||  i
|  9 ||  ○   (HT)    [<tt>TAB</tt>] **|| 41 ||  ) || 73 ||  I || 105 ||  i
|-
|-
| 10 ||  ?   (LineFeed)  **|| 42 ||  * || 74 ||  J || 106 ||  j
| 10 ||  ◙   (LineFeed)  **|| 42 ||  * || 74 ||  J || 106 ||  j
|-
|-
| 11 ||  ?   (VT) **|| 43 ||  + || 75 ||  K || 107 ||  k
| 11 ||  ♂   (VT) **|| 43 ||  + || 75 ||  K || 107 ||  k
|-
|-
| 12 ||  ?   (FormFeed) **|| 44 ||  , || 76 ||  L || 108 ||  l
| 12 ||  ♀   (FormFeed) **|| 44 ||  , || 76 ||  L || 108 ||  l
|-
|-
| 13 ||  ?   (CR) [<tt>Enter</tt>] **|| 45 ||  - || 77 ||  M || 109 ||  m
| 13 ||  ♪   (CR) [<tt>Enter</tt>] **|| 45 ||  - || 77 ||  M || 109 ||  m
|-
|-
| 14 ||  ?   (SO) || 46 ||  . || 78 ||  N || 110 ||  n
| 14 ||  ♫   (SO) || 46 ||  . || 78 ||  N || 110 ||  n
|-
|-
| 15 ||  ¤   (SI) || 47 ||  / || 79 ||  O || 111 ||  o
| 15 ||  ☼   (SI) || 47 ||  / || 79 ||  O || 111 ||  o
|-
|-
| 16 ||  ?   (DLE) || 48 ||  0 || 80 ||  P || 112 ||  p
| 16 ||  ►   (DLE) || 48 ||  0 || 80 ||  P || 112 ||  p
|-
|-
| 17 ||  ?   (DC1) || 49 ||  1 || 81 ||  Q || 113 ||  q
| 17 ||  ◄   (DC1) || 49 ||  1 || 81 ||  Q || 113 ||  q
|-
|-
| 18 ||  ?   (DC2) || 50 ||  2 || 82 ||  R || 114 ||  r
| 18 ||  ↕   (DC2) || 50 ||  2 || 82 ||  R || 114 ||  r
|-
|-
| 19 ||  ?   (DC3) || 51 ||  3 || 83 ||  S || 115 ||  s
| 19 ||  ‼   (DC3) || 51 ||  3 || 83 ||  S || 115 ||  s
|-
|-
| 20 ||  ¶  (DC4) || 52 ||  4 || 84 ||  T || 116 ||  t
| 20 ||  ¶  (DC4) || 52 ||  4 || 84 ||  T || 116 ||  t
Line 56: Line 53:
| 21 ||  §  (NAK) || 53 ||  5 || 85 ||  U || 117 ||  u
| 21 ||  §  (NAK) || 53 ||  5 || 85 ||  U || 117 ||  u
|-
|-
| 22 ||  ?   (SYN) || 54 ||  6 || 86 ||  V || 118 ||  v
| 22 ||  ▬   (SYN) || 54 ||  6 || 86 ||  V || 118 ||  v
|-
|-
| 23 ||  ?   (ETB) || 55 ||  7 || 87 ||  W || 119 ||  w
| 23 ||  ↨   (ETB) || 55 ||  7 || 87 ||  W || 119 ||  w
|-
|-
| 24 ||  ?   (CAN) || 56 ||  8 || 88 ||  X || 120 ||  x
| 24 ||  ↑   (CAN) || 56 ||  8 || 88 ||  X || 120 ||  x
|-
|-
| 25 ||  ?   (EM)  || 57 ||  9 || 89 ||  Y || 121 ||  y
| 25 ||  ↓   (EM)  || 57 ||  9 || 89 ||  Y || 121 ||  y
|-
|-
| 26 ||  ?   (SUB)    <tt>[[EOF]]</tt> || 58 ||  : || 90 ||  Z || 122 ||  z
| 26 ||  →   (SUB)    <tt>[[EOF]]</tt> || 58 ||  : || 90 ||  Z || 122 ||  z
|-
|-
| 27 ||  ?   (ESC)  [<tt>Esc</tt>]|| 59 ||  ; || 91 ||  [ || 123 ||  {
| 27 ||  ←   (ESC)  [<tt>Esc</tt>]|| 59 ||  ; || 91 ||  [ || 123 ||  {
|-
|-
| 28 ||  ?   (FS) **|| 60 ||  < || 92 ||  \ || 124 ||  <nowiki>|</nowiki>
| 28 ||  ∟   (FS) **|| 60 ||  < || 92 ||  \ || 124 ||  <nowiki>|</nowiki>
|-
|-
| 29 ||  ?   (GS) **|| 61 ||  = || 93 ||  ] || 125 ||  }
| 29 ||  ↔   (GS) **|| 61 ||  = || 93 ||  ] || 125 ||  }
|-
|-
| 30 ||  ?   (RS) **|| 62 ||  > || 94 ||  ^ || 126 ||  ~
| 30 ||  ▲   (RS) **|| 62 ||  > || 94 ||  ^ || 126 ||  ~
|-
|-
| 31 ||  ?   (US) **|| 63 ||  ? || 95 ||  _ || 127 ||  ¦ (DEL) *
| 31 ||  ▼   (US) **|| 63 ||  ? || 95 ||  _ || 127 ||  ⌂ (DEL) *
|-
|-
! colspan="8"| IBM, International, graphical, mathematical and other characters
! colspan="8"| IBM, International, graphical, mathematical and other characters
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! Code || Character || Code || Character || Code || Character || Code || Character
! Code || Character || Code || Character || Code || Character || Code || Character
|-
|-
| 128 ||  Ç || 160 ||  á || 192 ||  + || 224 ||  a
| 128 ||  Ç || 160 ||  á || 192 ||  └ || 224 ||  α
|-
|-
| 129 ||  ü || 161 ||  í || 193 ||  - || 225 ||  ß
| 129 ||  ü || 161 ||  í || 193 ||  ┴ || 225 ||  ß
|-
|-
| 130 ||  é || 162 ||  ó || 194 ||  - || 226 ||  G
| 130 ||  é || 162 ||  ó || 194 ||  ┬ || 226 ||  Γ
|-
|-
| 131 ||  â || 163 ||  ú || 195 ||  + || 227 ||  p
| 131 ||  â || 163 ||  ú || 195 ||  ├ || 227 ||  π
|-
|-
| 132 ||  ä || 164 ||  ñ || 196 ||  - || 228 ||  S
| 132 ||  ä || 164 ||  ñ || 196 ||  ─ || 228 ||  Σ
|-
|-
| 133 ||  à || 165 ||  Ñ || 197 ||  + || 229 ||  s
| 133 ||  à || 165 ||  Ñ || 197 ||  ┼ || 229 ||  σ
|-
|-
| 134 ||  å || 166 ||  ª || 198 ||  ¦ || 230 ||  µ
| 134 ||  å || 166 ||  ª || 198 ||  ╞ || 230 ||  µ
|-
|-
| 135 ||  ç || 167 ||  º || 199 ||  ¦ || 231 ||  t
| 135 ||  ç || 167 ||  º || 199 ||  ╟ || 231 ||  τ
|-
|-
| 136 ||  ê || 168 ||  ¿ || 200 ||  + || 232 ||  F
| 136 ||  ê || 168 ||  ¿ || 200 ||  ╚ || 232 ||  Φ
|-
|-
| 137 ||  ë || 169 ||  ¬ || 201 ||  + || 233 ||  T
| 137 ||  ë || 169 ||  ⌐ || 201 ||  ╔ || 233 ||  Θ
|-
|-
| 138 ||  è || 170 ||  ¬ || 202 ||  - || 234 ||  O
| 138 ||  è || 170 ||  ¬ || 202 ||  ╩ || 234 ||  Ω
|-
|-
| 139 ||  ï || 171 ||  ½ || 203 ||  - || 235 ||  d
| 139 ||  ï || 171 ||  ½ || 203 ||  ╦ || 235 ||  δ
|-
|-
| 140 ||  î || 172 ||  ¼ || 204 ||  ¦ || 236 ||  8
| 140 ||  î || 172 ||  ¼ || 204 ||  ╠ || 236 ||  ∞
|-
|-
| 141 ||  ì || 173 ||  ¡ || 205 ||  - || 237 ||  f
| 141 ||  ì || 173 ||  ¡ || 205 ||  ═ || 237 ||  φ
|-
|-
| 142 ||  Ä || 174 ||  « || 206 ||  + || 238 ||  e
| 142 ||  Ä || 174 ||  « || 206 ||  ╬ || 238 ||  ε
|-
|-
| 143 ||  Å || 175 ||  » || 207 ||  - || 239 ||  n
| 143 ||  Å || 175 ||  » || 207 ||  ╧ || 239 ||  ∩
|-
|-
| 144 ||  É || 176 ||  ¦ || 208 ||  - || 240 ||  =
| 144 ||  É || 176 ||  ░ || 208 ||  ╨ || 240 ||  ≡
|-
|-
| 145 ||  æ || 177 ||  ¦ || 209 ||  - || 241 ||  ±
| 145 ||  æ || 177 ||  ▒ || 209 ||  ╤ || 241 ||  ±
|-
|-
| 146 ||  Æ || 178 ||  ¦ || 210 ||  - || 242 ||  =
| 146 ||  Æ || 178 ||  ▓ || 210 ||  ╥ || 242 ||  ≥
|-
|-
| 147 ||  ô || 179 ||  ¦ || 211 ||  + || 243 ||  =
| 147 ||  ô || 179 ||  │ || 211 ||  ╙ || 243 ||  ≤
|-
|-
| 148 ||  ö || 180 ||  ¦ || 212 ||  + || 244 ||  (
| 148 ||  ö || 180 ||  ┤ || 212 ||  ╘ || 244 ||  ⌠
|-
|-
| 149 ||  ò || 181 ||  ¦ || 213 ||  + || 245 ||  )
| 149 ||  ò || 181 ||  ╡ || 213 ||  ╒ || 245 ||  ⌡
|-
|-
| 150 ||  û || 182 ||  ¦ || 214 ||  + || 246 ||  ÷
| 150 ||  û || 182 ||  ╢ || 214 ||  ╓ || 246 ||  ÷
|-
|-
| 151 ||  ù || 183 ||  + || 215 ||  + || 247 ||  ˜
| 151 ||  ù || 183 ||  ╖ || 215 ||  ╫ || 247 ||  ≈
|-
|-
| 152 ||  ÿ || 184 ||  + || 216 ||  + || 248 ||  °
| 152 ||  ÿ || 184 ||  ╕ || 216 ||  ╪ || 248 ||  °
|-
|-
| 153 ||  Ö || 185 ||  ¦ || 217 ||  + || 249 ||  ·
| 153 ||  Ö || 185 ||  ╣ || 217 ||  ┘ || 249 ||  ∙
|-
|-
| 154 ||  Ü || 186 ||  ¦ || 218 ||  + || 250 ||  ·
| 154 ||  Ü || 186 ||  ║ || 218 ||  ┌ || 250 ||  ·
|-
|-
| 155 ||  ¢ || 187 ||  + || 219 ||  ¦ || 251 ||  v
| 155 ||  ¢ || 187 ||  ╗ || 219 ||  █ || 251 ||  √
|-
|-
| 156 ||  £ || 188 ||  + || 220 ||  _ || 252 ||  n
| 156 ||  £ || 188 ||  ╝ || 220 ||  ▄ || 252 ||  ⁿ
|-
|-
| 157 ||  ¥ || 189 ||  + || 221 ||  ¦ || 253 ||  ²
| 157 ||  ¥ || 189 ||  ╜ || 221 ||  ▌ || 253 ||  ²
|-
|-
| 158 ||  P || 190 ||  + || 222 ||  ¦ || 254 ||  ¦
| 158 ||  ₧ || 190 ||  ╛ || 222 ||  ▐ || 254 ||  ■
|-
|-
| 159 ||  ƒ || 191 ||  + || 223 || ¯ || 255 ||  ''NBSP'' ***
| 159 ||  ƒ || 191 ||  ┐ || 223 || ▀ || 255 ||  ''NBSP'' ***
|}
|}


Line 154: Line 151:
<center>[[Unicode|Unicode Character Table]]</center>
<center>[[Unicode|Unicode Character Table]]</center>


==Control Characters==
 
== Control Characters ==


* [[INKEY$]] will return Control + letter key press combinations as the equivalent control characters or bold '''function keys''' listed below:
* [[INKEY$]] will return Control + letter key press combinations as the equivalent control characters or bold '''function keys''' listed below:
{{WhiteStart}} CTRL + A = CHR$(1)  ? StartHeader (SOH)    CTRL + B = CHR$(2)  ? StartText        (STX)
{{FixedStart}} CTRL + A = CHR$(1)  ☺ StartHeader (SOH)    CTRL + B = CHR$(2)  ☻ StartText        (STX)
  CTRL + C = CHR$(3)  ? EndText    (ETX)    CTRL + D = CHR$(4)  ? EndOfTransmit    (EOT)
  CTRL + C = CHR$(3)  ♥ EndText    (ETX)    CTRL + D = CHR$(4)  ♦ EndOfTransmit    (EOT)
  CTRL + E = CHR$(5)  ? Enquiry    (ENQ)    CTRL + F = CHR$(6)  ? Acknowledge      (ACK)
  CTRL + E = CHR$(5)  ♣ Enquiry    (ENQ)    CTRL + F = CHR$(6)  ♠ Acknowledge      (ACK)
  CTRL + G = CHR$(7)  {{text|•|red}}  [[BEEP|Bell]]        (BEL)    CTRL + H = CHR$(8)  ? '''[Backspace]'''      (BSP)
  CTRL + G = CHR$(7)  {{Text|•|red}}  [[BEEP|Bell]]        (BEL)    CTRL + H = CHR$(8)  ◘ '''[Backspace]'''      (BSP)
  CTRL + I = CHR$(9)  {{text|?|red}}  Horiz.Tab  '''[Tab]'''    CTRL + J = CHR$(10)  {{text|?|red}}  LineFeed(printer) (LF)
  CTRL + I = CHR$(9)  {{Text|○|red}}  Horiz.Tab  '''[Tab]'''    CTRL + J = CHR$(10)  {{Text|◙|red}}  LineFeed(printer) (LF)
  CTRL + K = CHR$(11)  {{text|?|red}}  Vert. Tab  (VT)    CTRL + L = CHR$(12)  {{text|?|red}}  FormFeed(printer) (FF)
  CTRL + K = CHR$(11)  {{Text|♂|red}}  Vert. Tab  (VT)    CTRL + L = CHR$(12)  {{Text|♀|red}}  FormFeed(printer) (FF)
  CTRL + M = CHR$(13)  {{text|?|red}}  '''[Enter]'''    (CR)    CTRL + N = CHR$(14)  ? ShiftOut          (SO)
  CTRL + M = CHR$(13)  {{Text|♪|red}}  '''[Enter]'''    (CR)    CTRL + N = CHR$(14)  ♫ ShiftOut          (SO)
  CTRL + O = CHR$(15)  ¤ ShiftIn    (SI)    CTRL + P = CHR$(16)  ? DataLinkEscape    (DLE)
  CTRL + O = CHR$(15)  ☼ ShiftIn    (SI)    CTRL + P = CHR$(16)  ► DataLinkEscape    (DLE)
  CTRL + Q = CHR$(17)  ? DevControl1 (DC1)    CTRL + R = CHR$(18)  ? DeviceControl2    (DC2)
  CTRL + Q = CHR$(17)  ◄ DevControl1 (DC1)    CTRL + R = CHR$(18)  ↕ DeviceControl2    (DC2)
  CTRL + S = CHR$(19)  ? DevControl3 (DC3)    CTRL + T = CHR$(20)  ¶  DeviceControl4    (DC4)
  CTRL + S = CHR$(19)  ‼ DevControl3 (DC3)    CTRL + T = CHR$(20)  ¶  DeviceControl4    (DC4)
  CTRL + U = CHR$(21)  §  NegativeACK (NAK)    CTRL + V = CHR$(22)  ? Synchronous Idle  (SYN)
  CTRL + U = CHR$(21)  §  NegativeACK (NAK)    CTRL + V = CHR$(22)  ▬ Synchronous Idle  (SYN)
  CTRL + W = CHR$(23)  ? EndTXBlock  (ETB)    CTRL + X = CHR$(24)  ? Cancel            (CAN)
  CTRL + W = CHR$(23)  ↨ EndTXBlock  (ETB)    CTRL + X = CHR$(24)  ↑ Cancel            (CAN)
  CTRL + Y = CHR$(25)  ? EndMedium  (EM)    CTRL + Z = CHR$(26)  ? End Of File(SUB)  (EOF)
  CTRL + Y = CHR$(25)  ↓ EndMedium  (EM)    CTRL + Z = CHR$(26)  → End Of File(SUB)  (EOF)


   '''{{text|Red symbols will format text and not [[PRINT]] the symbol.|red}} [[_PRINTSTRING]] can print in QB64'''
   '''{{Text|Red symbols will format text and not [[PRINT]] the symbol.|red}} [[_PRINTSTRING]] can print in QB64'''
{{WhiteEnd}}
{{FixedEnd}}
* Control characters '''1 to 26''' can be used to simulate ''Ctrl + letter'' key shortcuts in Windows programs using [[_SCREENPRINT]].
* Control characters '''1 to 26''' can be used to simulate ''Ctrl + letter'' key shortcuts in Windows programs using [[_SCREENPRINT]].
* [[_CONTROLCHR]] OFF can also be used in QB64 to allow control characters to be printed without formatting the text.
* [[_CONTROLCHR]] OFF can also be used in QB64 to allow control characters to be printed without formatting the text.
Line 195: Line 193:
* Characters '''13''' and '''10''' can be combined to create the '''CrLf''' carriage return used in files or printing. crlf$ = CHR$(13) + CHR$(10).
* Characters '''13''' and '''10''' can be combined to create the '''CrLf''' carriage return used in files or printing. crlf$ = CHR$(13) + CHR$(10).
* Character '''16''', the data link escape(DLE) character, can designate that a control character is being sent from a [[OPEN COM|COM port]].
* Character '''16''', the data link escape(DLE) character, can designate that a control character is being sent from a [[OPEN COM|COM port]].
: ''Example:'' (DLE) <XON> <DATA PACKET> (DLE) <XOFF> or (DLE) <STX> <DATA PACKET> (DLE) <ETX>
: ''Example:'' (DLE) <XON> <nowiki><DATA PACKET></nowiki> (DLE) <XOFF> or (DLE) <STX> <nowiki><DATA PACKET></nowiki> (DLE) <ETX>
* Character '''17''', Device Control 1, is used with [[OPEN COM|COM ports]] to mark the start of a transmission as "XON". The character is read.
* Character '''17''', Device Control 1, is used with [[OPEN COM|COM ports]] to mark the start of a transmission as "XON". The character is read.
* Character '''19''', Device Control 3, is used with [[OPEN COM|COM ports]] to mark the end of a transmission as "XOFF". The character is NOT read.
* Character '''19''', Device Control 3, is used with [[OPEN COM|COM ports]] to mark the end of a transmission as "XOFF". The character is NOT read.
* Character '''26''' can be used to designate the end of a file. See [[EOF]].
* Character '''26''' can be used to designate the end of a file. See [[EOF]].
* Character '''27''' '''{{text|?|green}}''' is returned when the '''Escape''' key is pressed.
* Character '''27''' '''{{Text|←|green}}''' is returned when the '''Escape''' key is pressed.


<center>'''Control character [[PRINT]] actions can be controlled using [[_CONTROLCHR]] OFF or ON in QB64.'''</center>
<center>'''Control character [[PRINT]] actions can be controlled using [[_CONTROLCHR]] OFF or ON in QB64.'''</center>




{{CodeStart}} '' ''
{{CodeStart}}
{{Cl|SCREEN}} 12
{{Cl|SCREEN}} {{Text|12|#F580B1}}
{{Cl|COLOR}} 14: {{Cl|PRINT}} "Press Control + letter key combinations."
{{Cl|COLOR}} {{Text|14|#F580B1}}: {{Cl|PRINT}} {{Text|<nowiki>"Press Control + letter key combinations."</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
DO
{{Cl|DO}}
  K$ = {{Cl|INKEY$}}
    K$ = {{Cl|INKEY$}}
  {{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} {{Cl|LEN}}(K$) {{Cl|THEN}}
    {{Cl|IF}} {{Cl|LEN}}(K$) {{Cl|THEN}}
    code = {{Cl|ASC}}(K$)
        code = {{Cl|ASC (function)|ASC}}(K$)
    {{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} code < 32 {{Cl|THEN}} {{Cl|_PRINTSTRING}} (220, 100), "Ctrl + " + {{Cl|CHR$}}(code + 64) + " = " + K$ + " "
        {{Cl|IF}} code < {{Text|32|#F580B1}} {{Cl|THEN}} {{Cl|_PRINTSTRING}} ({{Text|220|#F580B1}}, {{Text|100|#F580B1}}), {{Text|<nowiki>"Ctrl + "</nowiki>|#FFB100}} + {{Cl|CHR$}}(code + {{Text|64|#F580B1}}) + {{Text|<nowiki>" = "</nowiki>|#FFB100}} + K$ + {{Text|<nowiki>" "</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
  {{Cl|END IF}}
    {{Cl|END IF}}
{{Cl|LOOP}} {{Cl|UNTIL}} K$ = {{Cl|CHR$}}(27)
{{Cl|DO...LOOP|LOOP UNTIL}} K$ = {{Cl|CHR$}}({{Text|27|#F580B1}})


{{Cl|END}} '' ''
{{Cl|END}}
{{CodeEnd}}
{{CodeEnd}}


Line 224: Line 222:
* Extended(non-keyboard) characters can be entered by holding down ''Alt'' key and entering the code number on the Number pad.
* Extended(non-keyboard) characters can be entered by holding down ''Alt'' key and entering the code number on the Number pad.
* [[PRINT]]s text characters and symbols or formats the screen, printer or file.
* [[PRINT]]s text characters and symbols or formats the screen, printer or file.
* [[BINARY]] files often store values below 256 in the one byte character. To read the value get the code with [[ASC]].
* [[BINARY]] files often store values below 256 in the one byte character. To read the value get the code with [[ASC (function)|ASC]].
* Numerical values placed into a [[BINARY]] or [[RANDOM]] file using a [[GET]] or [[PUT]] variable, they will be stored in [[_MK$]] format.
* Numerical values placed into a [[BINARY]] or [[RANDOM]] file using a [[GET]] or [[PUT]] variable, they will be stored in [[_MK$]] format.
* Characters '''176''' to '''223''' can be used to create screen borders or boundaries in an ASCII game. See: [[SCREEN (function)]]
* Characters '''176''' to '''223''' can be used to create screen borders or boundaries in an ASCII game. See: [[SCREEN (function)]]
Line 232: Line 230:
<p style="text-align: center">([[#toc|Return to Table of Contents]])</p>
<p style="text-align: center">([[#toc|Return to Table of Contents]])</p>


==[[ASC]] Codes==
 
<center>'''[[ASC]] cannot read empty [[INKEY$]] = "" loop reads! Check for them before reading [[ASC]] key press codes!'''</center>
== ASC Codes ==
{{WhiteStart}}'                                '''ASCII Keyboard Codes'''
<center>'''[[ASC (function)|ASC]] cannot read empty [[INKEY$]] = "" loop reads! Check for them before reading [[ASC (function)|ASC]] key press codes!'''</center>
{{FixedStart}}'                                '''ASCII Keyboard Codes'''
'
'
'''' Esc  F1  F2  F3  F4  F5  F6  F7  F8  F9  F10  F11  F12  Sys ScL Pause'''
' ''' Esc  F1  F2  F3  F4  F5  F6  F7  F8  F9  F10  F11  F12  Sys ScL Pause'''
' 27 +59 +60 +61 +62 +63 +64 +65 +66 +67 +68  +133 +134  -  -    -
'   27 +59 +60 +61 +62 +63 +64 +65 +66 +67 +68  +133 +134  -  -    -
'''' `~  1!  2@  3#  4$  5%  6^  7&  8*  9(  0) -_ =+ BkSp  Ins Hme PUp  NumL  /  *    -'''
' ''' `~  1!  2@  3#  4$  5%  6^  7&  8*  9(  0) -_ =+ BkSp  Ins Hme PUp  NumL  /  *    -'''
' 126 33  64  35  36  37  94  38  42  40  41 95 43  8    +82 +71 +73    -    47  42  45
' 126 33  64  35  36  37  94  38  42  40  41 95 43  8    +82 +71 +73    -    47  42  45
'''  96 49  50  51  52  53  54  55  56  57  48 45 61''
' ''  96 49  50  51  52  53  54  55  56  57  48 45 61''
'''' Tab Q  W  E  R  T  Y  U  I  O  P  [{  ]}  \|  Del End PDn  7Hme 8/? 9PU  + '''
' ''' Tab Q  W  E  R  T  Y  U  I  O  P  [{  ]}  \|  Del End PDn  7Hme 8/▲ 9PU  + '''
' 9  81  87  69  82  84  89  85  73  79  80 123 125 124  +83 +79 +81  +71  +72  +73  43
'   9  81  87  69  82  84  89  85  73  79  80 123 125 124  +83 +79 +81  +71  +72  +73  43
'''    113 119 101 114 116 121 117 105 111 112  91  93  92                55  56  57 ''
' ''    113 119 101 114 116 121 117 105 111 112  91  93  92                55  56  57 ''
'''' CapL  A  S  D  F  G  H  J  K  L  ;:  '" Enter                4/?-  5  6/-?
' ''' CapL  A  S  D  F  G  H  J  K  L  ;:  '" Enter                4/◄-  5  6/-►
'   -  65  83  68  70  71  72  74  75  76  58  34  13                  +75  +76  +77  '''E'''
'   -  65  83  68  70  71  72  74  75  76  58  34  13                  +75  +76  +77  '''E'''
'''      97 115 100 102 103 104 106 107 108  59  39                      52  53  54 '' '''n'''
' ''      97 115 100 102 103 104 106 107 108  59  39                      52  53  54 '' '''n'''
'''' Shift  Z  X  C  V  B  N  M  ,<  .>  /?    Shift      ?       1End 2/? 3PD  t'''
' ''' Shift  Z  X  C  V  B  N  M  ,<  .>  /?    Shift      ▲       1End 2/▼ 3PD  t'''
'   *    90  88  67  86  66  78  77  60  62  63      *        +72      +79  +80  +81  '''e'''
'   *    90  88  67  86  66  78  77  60  62  63      *        +72      +79  +80  +81  '''e'''
'''      122 120  99 118  98 110 109  44  46  47                          49  50  51 '' '''r'''
' ''      122 120  99 118  98 110 109  44  46  47                          49  50  51 '' '''r'''
'''' Ctrl Win Alt      Spacebar          Alt Win Menu Ctrl  ?-  ?   -?   0Ins    .Del '''
' ''' Ctrl Win Alt      Spacebar          Alt Win Menu Ctrl  ◄-  ▼   -►   0Ins    .Del '''
' *    -  *          32              *  -  -    *    +75 +80 +77  +82      +83  13
'   *    -  *          32              *  -  -    *    +75 +80 +77  +82      +83  13
'                                                                   ''    48        46''
'                                                                   ''    48        46''
'
'
' '''    ''Italics'' = LCase/NumLock On  ____________  + = 2 Byte: CHR$(0) + CHR$(code)'''
' '''    ''Italics'' = LCase/NumLock On  ____________  + = 2 Byte: CHR$(0) + CHR$(code)'''
'{{small|NOTE: The above commented table can be copied and pasted directly into the QB64 IDE}}
{{FixedEnd}}
{{WhiteEnd}}
{{Small|NOTE: The above commented table can be copied and pasted directly into the QB64 IDE}}




<center>Use '''{{text|ASC(RIGHT$(key$, 1))|green}}''' or '''{{text|ASC(key$, 2)|green}}''' in QB64 to read a two byte code when '''{{text|ASC(key$) <nowiki>=</nowiki> 0|green}}'''</center>
<center>Use '''{{Text|ASC(RIGHT$(key$, 1))|green}}''' or '''{{Text|ASC(key$, 2)|green}}''' in QB64 to read a two byte code when '''{{Text|ASC(key$) <nowiki>=</nowiki> 0|green}}'''</center>


<center>'''* See the Two Byte Ctrl, Alt and Shift + Function key combinations below'''</center>
<center>'''* See the Two Byte Ctrl, Alt and Shift + Function key combinations below'''</center>
{{CodeStart}}'            Demo displays all ASCII codes and 2 byte code combinations
{{CodeStart}}
{{Cl|DO...LOOP|DO}}: K$ = {{Cl|INKEY$}}
{{Text|<nowiki>'            Demo displays all ASCII codes and 2 byte code combinations</nowiki>|#919191}}
  {{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} K$ <> "" {{Cl|THEN}}     'ASC will return an error if an empty string is read!
{{Cl|DO}}: K$ = {{Cl|INKEY$}}
    {{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} {{Cl|ASC}}(K$) > 0 {{Cl|THEN}}
    {{Cl|IF}} K$ <> {{Text|<nowiki>""</nowiki>|#FFB100}} {{Cl|THEN}} {{Text|<nowiki>'ASC will return an error if an empty string is read!</nowiki>|#919191}}
      {{Cl|PRINT}} "{{Cl|CHR$}}(" + {{Cl|LTRIM$}}({{Cl|STR$}}({{Cl|ASC}}(K$))) + ")" 'display normal keypress codes
        {{Cl|IF}} {{Cl|ASC (function)|ASC}}(K$) > {{Text|0|#F580B1}} {{Cl|THEN}}
    {{Cl|ELSE}} {{Cl|PRINT}} "{{Cl|CHR$}}(0) + {{Cl|CHR$}}(" + {{Cl|LTRIM$}}({{Cl|STR$}}({{Cl|ASC}}(K$, 2))) + ")" 'display 2 byte codes
            {{Cl|PRINT}} {{Text|<nowiki>"CHR$("</nowiki>|#FFB100}} + {{Cl|LTRIM$}}({{Cl|STR$}}({{Cl|ASC (function)|ASC}}(K$))) + {{Text|<nowiki>")"</nowiki>|#FFB100}} {{Text|<nowiki>'display normal keypress codes</nowiki>|#919191}}
        {{Cl|ELSE}} {{Cl|PRINT}} {{Text|<nowiki>"CHR$(0) + CHR$("</nowiki>|#FFB100}} + {{Cl|LTRIM$}}({{Cl|STR$}}({{Cl|ASC (function)|ASC}}(K$, {{Text|2|#F580B1}}))) + {{Text|<nowiki>")"</nowiki>|#FFB100}} {{Text|<nowiki>'display 2 byte codes</nowiki>|#919191}}
        {{Cl|END IF}}
     {{Cl|END IF}}
     {{Cl|END IF}}
  {{Cl|END IF}}
{{Cl|DO...LOOP|LOOP UNTIL}} K$ = {{Cl|CHR$}}({{Text|27|#F580B1}}) {{Text|<nowiki>'escape key press exits</nowiki>|#919191}}
{{Cl|LOOP}} {{Cl|UNTIL}} K$ = {{Cl|CHR$}}(27) 'escape key press exits '' ''
{{CodeEnd}}
{{CodeEnd}}
: ''Note:'' In QB64 [[ASC]](K$, 2) can read the second byte of the 2 byte code when [[ASC]](K$) reads the first byte as 0.
: ''Note:'' In QB64 [[ASC (function)|ASC]](K$, 2) can read the second byte of the 2 byte code when [[ASC (function)|ASC]](K$) reads the first byte as 0.


<p style="text-align: center">([[#toc|Return to Table of Contents]])</p>
<p style="text-align: center">([[#toc|Return to Table of Contents]])</p>


==Two Byte Codes==
 
== Two Byte Codes ==
<center>'''Two Byte ASCII Keyboard Return Values'''</center>
<center>'''Two Byte ASCII Keyboard Return Values'''</center>


* [[INKEY$]] returns both bytes when two byte keys or key combinations are pressed. The second byte = [[RIGHT$]](keypress$, 1)
* [[INKEY$]] returns both bytes when two byte keys or key combinations are pressed. The second byte = [[RIGHT$]](keypress$, 1)
* If the character returned is a two byte code, [[ASC]] will return 0. '''Warning:''' ASC cannot read empty [[INKEY$]] string values!
* If the character returned is a two byte code, [[ASC (function)|ASC]] will return 0. '''Warning:''' ASC cannot read empty [[INKEY$]] string values!
* In '''QB64''' only, [[ASC]](keypress$, 2) can return the second byte code. Don't read empty string values!
* In '''QB64''' only, [[ASC (function)|ASC]](keypress$, 2) can return the second byte code. Don't read empty string values!
* String values returned can be compared in an [[IF...THEN|IF]] or [[SELECT CASE]] routine by using the actual string definitions such as:
* String values returned can be compared in an [[IF...THEN|IF]] or [[SELECT CASE]] routine by using the actual string definitions such as:


:IF INKEY$ = CHR$(0) + CHR$(80) THEN row = row + 1 '''or''' IF INKEY$ = CHR$(0) + "P" THEN row = row + 1
:IF INKEY$ = CHR$(0) + CHR$(80) THEN row = row + 1 '''or''' IF INKEY$ = CHR$(0) + "P" THEN row = row + 1


{{WhiteStart}}                '''Two Byte Character Codes      Key                CHR$(0) + "?" '''
{{FixedStart}}                '''Two Byte Character Codes      Key                CHR$(0) + "?" '''


                     CHR$(0) + CHR$(16-50)      [Alt] + letter
                     CHR$(0) + CHR$(16-50)      [Alt] + letter
Line 300: Line 301:
                     CHR$(0) + CHR$(68)        [F10]                "D"
                     CHR$(0) + CHR$(68)        [F10]                "D"
                     CHR$(0) + CHR$(71)        [Home]              "G"
                     CHR$(0) + CHR$(71)        [Home]              "G"
                     CHR$(0) + CHR$(72)        [?] Up Arrow        "H"
                     CHR$(0) + CHR$(72)        [↑] Up Arrow        "H"
                     CHR$(0) + CHR$(73)        [Page Up]            "I"
                     CHR$(0) + CHR$(73)        [Page Up]            "I"
                     CHR$(0) + CHR$(75)        [?] Left Arrow      "K"
                     CHR$(0) + CHR$(75)        [←] Left Arrow      "K"
                     CHR$(0) + CHR$(76)        [5 NumberPad]        "L" (NumLock off in QB64)
                     CHR$(0) + CHR$(76)        [5 NumberPad]        "L" (NumLock off in QB64)
                     CHR$(0) + CHR$(77)        [?] Right Arrow      "M"
                     CHR$(0) + CHR$(77)        [→] Right Arrow      "M"
                     CHR$(0) + CHR$(79)        [End]                "O"
                     CHR$(0) + CHR$(79)        [End]                "O"
                     CHR$(0) + CHR$(80)        [?] Down Arrow      "P"
                     CHR$(0) + CHR$(80)        [↓] Down Arrow      "P"
                     CHR$(0) + CHR$(81)        [Page Down]          "Q"
                     CHR$(0) + CHR$(81)        [Page Down]          "Q"
                     CHR$(0) + CHR$(82)        [Insert]            "R"
                     CHR$(0) + CHR$(82)        [Insert]            "R"
Line 324: Line 325:
                     CHR$(0) + CHR$(139)        [Alt] + [F11]        "ï"
                     CHR$(0) + CHR$(139)        [Alt] + [F11]        "ï"
                     CHR$(0) + CHR$(140)        [Alt] + [F12]        "î"
                     CHR$(0) + CHR$(140)        [Alt] + [F12]        "î"
{{WhiteEnd}}
{{FixedEnd}}
:In '''QB64''', [[CVI]] can be used to get the [[_KEYDOWN]] 2-byte code value. Example: '''{{text|status <nowiki>=</nowiki> _KEYDOWN(CVI(CHR$(0) + "P"))|green}}'''
:In '''QB64''', [[CVI]] can be used to get the [[_KEYDOWN]] 2-byte code value. Example: '''{{Text|status <nowiki>=</nowiki> _KEYDOWN(CVI(CHR$(0) + "P"))|green}}'''


<center>'''See [[Scancodes]] for other keyboard function keys.'''</center>
<center>'''See [[Scancodes]] for other keyboard function keys.'''</center>
<p style="text-align: center">([[#toc|Return to Table of Contents]])</p>
<p style="text-align: center">([[#toc|Return to Table of Contents]])</p>


==Code Examples==
 
{{PageExamples}}
''Example 1:'' Using arrow keys to move a text character. A change from a previous position tells program when to PRINT:
''Example 1:'' Using arrow keys to move a text character. A change from a previous position tells program when to PRINT:
{{CodeStart}}movey = 1: movex = 1 'text coordinates can never be 0
{{CodeStart}}
at$ = "@" 'text sprite could be almost any ASCII character
movey = {{Text|1|#F580B1}}: movex = {{Text|1|#F580B1}} {{Text|<nowiki>'text coordinates can never be 0</nowiki>|#919191}}
at$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"@"</nowiki>|#FFB100}} {{Text|<nowiki>'text sprite could be almost any ASCII character</nowiki>|#919191}}
{{Cl|LOCATE}} movey, movex: {{Cl|PRINT}} at$;
{{Cl|LOCATE}} movey, movex: {{Cl|PRINT}} at$;
DO
{{Cl|DO}}
     px = movex: py = movey 'previous positions
     px = movex: py = movey {{Text|<nowiki>'previous positions</nowiki>|#919191}}
     B$ = {{Cl|INKEY$}}
     B$ = {{Cl|INKEY$}}
     {{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} B$ = {{Cl|CHR$}}(0) + {{Cl|CHR$}}(72) {{Cl|AND (boolean)|AND}} movey > 1 {{Cl|THEN}} movey = movey - 1 'rows 1 to 23 only
     {{Cl|IF}} B$ = {{Cl|CHR$}}({{Text|0|#F580B1}}) + {{Cl|CHR$}}({{Text|72|#F580B1}}) {{Cl|AND (boolean)|AND}} movey > {{Text|1|#F580B1}} {{Cl|THEN}} movey = movey - {{Text|1|#F580B1}} {{Text|<nowiki>'rows 1 to 23 only</nowiki>|#919191}}
     {{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} B$ = {{Cl|CHR$}}(0) + {{Cl|CHR$}}(80) {{Cl|AND (boolean)|AND}} movey < 23 {{Cl|THEN}} movey = movey + 1
     {{Cl|IF}} B$ = {{Cl|CHR$}}({{Text|0|#F580B1}}) + {{Cl|CHR$}}({{Text|80|#F580B1}}) {{Cl|AND (boolean)|AND}} movey < {{Text|23|#F580B1}} {{Cl|THEN}} movey = movey + {{Text|1|#F580B1}}
     {{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} B$ = {{Cl|CHR$}}(0) + {{Cl|CHR$}}(75) {{Cl|AND (boolean)|AND}} movex > 1 {{Cl|THEN}} movex = movex - 1 'columns 1 to 80 only
     {{Cl|IF}} B$ = {{Cl|CHR$}}({{Text|0|#F580B1}}) + {{Cl|CHR$}}({{Text|75|#F580B1}}) {{Cl|AND (boolean)|AND}} movex > {{Text|1|#F580B1}} {{Cl|THEN}} movex = movex - {{Text|1|#F580B1}} {{Text|<nowiki>'columns 1 to 80 only</nowiki>|#919191}}
     {{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} B$ = {{Cl|CHR$}}(0) + {{Cl|CHR$}}(77) {{Cl|AND (boolean)|AND}} movex < 80 {{Cl|THEN}} movex = movex + 1
     {{Cl|IF}} B$ = {{Cl|CHR$}}({{Text|0|#F580B1}}) + {{Cl|CHR$}}({{Text|77|#F580B1}}) {{Cl|AND (boolean)|AND}} movex < {{Text|80|#F580B1}} {{Cl|THEN}} movex = movex + {{Text|1|#F580B1}}


     {{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} px <> movex {{Cl|OR (boolean)|OR}} py <> movey {{Cl|THEN}} 'only changes when needed
     {{Cl|IF}} px <> movex {{Cl|OR (boolean)|OR}} py <> movey {{Cl|THEN}} {{Text|<nowiki>'only changes when needed</nowiki>|#919191}}
         {{Cl|LOCATE}} py, px: {{Cl|PRINT}} {{Cl|SPACE$}}(1); 'erase old sprite
         {{Cl|LOCATE}} py, px: {{Cl|PRINT}} {{Cl|SPACE$}}({{Text|1|#F580B1}}); {{Text|<nowiki>'erase old sprite</nowiki>|#919191}}
         {{Cl|LOCATE}} movey, movex: {{Cl|PRINT}} at$; 'show new position
         {{Cl|LOCATE}} movey, movex: {{Cl|PRINT}} at$; {{Text|<nowiki>'show new position</nowiki>|#919191}}
     {{Cl|END IF}}
     {{Cl|END IF}}
{{Cl|LOOP}} {{Cl|UNTIL}} B$ = {{Cl|CHR$}}(27) 'ESCape key exit
{{Cl|DO...LOOP|LOOP UNTIL}} B$ = {{Cl|CHR$}}({{Text|27|#F580B1}}) {{Text|<nowiki>'ESCape key exit</nowiki>|#919191}}
{{Cl|END}}
{{Cl|END}}
{{CodeEnd}}
{{CodeEnd}}
Line 355: Line 358:


{{CodeStart}}
{{CodeStart}}
'' ''
{{Cl|SCREEN}} {{Text|13|#F580B1}}
SCREEN 13
tmp$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"  CHR$(###),\\,\          \      "</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
tmp$ = "  CHR$(###),\\,\          \      "
tmp2$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"  CHR$(0) + CHR$(###) \          \"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
tmp2$ = "  CHR$(0) + CHR$(###) \          \"
{{Cl|COLOR}} {{Text|14|#F580B1}}: {{Cl|LOCATE}} {{Text|3|#F580B1}}, {{Text|3|#F580B1}}: {{Cl|PRINT}} {{Text|<nowiki>"The code can tell what key is pressed"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
COLOR 14: LOCATE 3, 3: PRINT "The code can tell what key is pressed"
{{Cl|COLOR}} {{Text|12|#F580B1}}: {{Cl|LOCATE}} {{Text|5|#F580B1}}, {{Text|14|#F580B1}}: {{Cl|PRINT}} {{Cl|CHR$}}({{Text|3|#F580B1}}); {{Cl|SPACE$}}({{Text|3|#F580B1}});
COLOR 12: LOCATE 5, 14: PRINT CHR$(3); SPACE$(3);
{{Cl|COLOR}} {{Text|13|#F580B1}}: {{Cl|PRINT}} {{Cl|CHR$}}({{Text|5|#F580B1}}); {{Cl|SPACE$}}({{Text|3|#F580B1}});
COLOR 13: PRINT CHR$(5); SPACE$(3);
{{Cl|COLOR}} {{Text|12|#F580B1}}: {{Cl|PRINT}} {{Cl|CHR$}}({{Text|4|#F580B1}}); {{Cl|SPACE$}}({{Text|3|#F580B1}});
COLOR 12: PRINT CHR$(4); SPACE$(3);
{{Cl|COLOR}} {{Text|13|#F580B1}}: {{Cl|PRINT}} {{Cl|CHR$}}({{Text|6|#F580B1}})
COLOR 13: PRINT CHR$(6)
{{Cl|COLOR}} {{Text|10|#F580B1}}: {{Cl|LOCATE}} {{Text|7|#F580B1}}, {{Text|4|#F580B1}}: {{Cl|PRINT}} {{Text|<nowiki>" Hit a key to find the ASCII Code"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
COLOR 10: LOCATE 7, 4: PRINT " Hit a key to find the ASCII Code"
{{Cl|COLOR}} {{Text|5|#F580B1}}: {{Cl|LOCATE}} {{Text|13|#F580B1}}, {{Text|1|#F580B1}}: {{Cl|PRINT}} {{Text|<nowiki>" Codes below 33 are called control keys"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
COLOR 5: LOCATE 13, 1: PRINT " Codes below 33 are called control keys"
{{Cl|LOCATE}} {{Text|14|#F580B1}}, {{Text|1|#F580B1}}: {{Cl|PRINT}} {{Text|<nowiki>" CHR$(0) + are 2 byte Extended key codes"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
LOCATE 14, 1: PRINT " CHR$(0) + are 2 byte Extended key codes"
{{Cl|COLOR}} {{Text|13|#F580B1}}: {{Cl|LOCATE}} {{Text|16|#F580B1}}, {{Text|1|#F580B1}}: {{Cl|PRINT}} {{Text|<nowiki>" Extended: Press Alt + numberpad: Enter"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
COLOR 13: LOCATE 16, 1: PRINT " Extended: Press Alt + numberpad: Enter"
{{Cl|LOCATE}} {{Text|18|#F580B1}}, {{Text|1|#F580B1}}: {{Cl|PRINT}} {{Text|<nowiki>"  Try some Ctrl, Alt, or Shift Combo's"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
LOCATE 18, 1: PRINT "  Try some Ctrl, Alt, or Shift Combo's"
{{Cl|COLOR}} {{Text|5|#F580B1}}: {{Cl|LOCATE}} {{Text|20|#F580B1}}, {{Text|1|#F580B1}}: {{Cl|PRINT}} {{Text|<nowiki>" INKEY$ is used to detect the key entry"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
COLOR 5: LOCATE 20, 1: PRINT " INKEY$ is used to detect the key entry"
{{Cl|COLOR}} {{Text|2|#F580B1}}: {{Cl|LOCATE}} {{Text|22|#F580B1}}, {{Text|15|#F580B1}}: {{Cl|PRINT}} {{Cl|CHR$}}({{Text|1|#F580B1}}); {{Text|<nowiki>"      "</nowiki>|#FFB100}}; {{Cl|CHR$}}({{Text|2|#F580B1}})
COLOR 2: LOCATE 22, 15: PRINT CHR$(1); "      "; CHR$(2)
{{Cl|COLOR}} {{Text|4|#F580B1}}: {{Cl|LOCATE}} {{Text|24|#F580B1}}, {{Text|10|#F580B1}}: {{Cl|PRINT}} {{Text|<nowiki>"To Quit hit the TAB key"</nowiki>|#FFB100}};
COLOR 4: LOCATE 24, 10: PRINT "To Quit hit the TAB key";
 
COLOR 9
DO
    DO: {{Cl|SLEEP}}: A$ = {{Cl|INKEY$}}: LOOP UNTIL A$ <> ""  'legal ASC read keys
    IF {{Cl|ASC}}(A$) > 0 THEN  ' normal key codes
        code% = ASC(A$)
        SELECT CASE code%
          CASE 7: Key$ = "Beep"
          CASE 8: Key$ = "Backspace"
          CASE 9: Key$ = "Tab Key"
          CASE 10: Key$ = "Line Feed"
          CASE 12: Key$ = "Form Feed"
          CASE 13: Key$ = "Enter"
          CASE 27: Key$ = "Escape"
          CASE 32: Key$ = "Space Bar"
          CASE 48 TO 57: Key$ = "Number"
          CASE 65 TO 90: Key$ = "Uppercase"
          CASE 97 TO 122: Key$ = "Lowercase"
          CASE ELSE: Key$ = ""
        END SELECT
        SELECT CASE code%  'check for unprintable control combo characters
          CASE 10 TO 13: Kcode% = 32
          CASE ELSE: Kcode% = code%
        END SELECT
        COLOR 9: LOCATE 10, 5: {{Cl|PRINT USING}} tmp$; code%; {{Cl|CHR$}}(Kcode%); Key$;
    END IF
    IF {{Cl|ASC}}(A$) = 0 THEN  'two byte key codes
        code% = ASC({{Cl|RIGHT$}}(A$, 1)) 'QBasic code
        'code% = ASC(A$, 2)        'QB64 code alternative
        SELECT CASE code%
            CASE 16 TO 50: Key$ = "Alt+ letter"
            CASE 72: Key$ = CHR$(24) + " Arrow"
            CASE 75: Key$ = CHR$(27) + " Arrow"
            CASE 77: Key$ = CHR$(26) + " Arrow"
            CASE 80: Key$ = CHR$(25) + " Arrow"
            CASE 83: Key$ = "Delete"
            CASE 59: Key$ = "F1"
            CASE 60: Key$ = "F2"
            CASE 61: Key$ = "F3"
            CASE 62: Key$ = "F4"
            CASE 63: Key$ = "F5"
            CASE 64: Key$ = "F6"
            CASE 65: Key$ = "F7"
            CASE 66: Key$ = "F8"
            CASE 67: Key$ = "F9"
            CASE 68: Key$ = "F10"
            CASE 71: Key$ = "Home"
            CASE 73: Key$ = "Page " + CHR$(24)
            CASE 79: Key$ = "End"
            CASE 81: Key$ = "Page " + CHR$(25)
            CASE 82: Key$ = "Insert"
            CASE 83: Key$ = "Delete"
            CASE 84 TO 93: Key$ = "Shift+ F"
            CASE 94 TO 103: Key$ = "Ctrl+ F"
            CASE 104 TO 113: Key$ = "Alt+ F"
            CASE 114 TO 119: Key$ = "Ctrl + pad"
            CASE 120 TO 129: Key$ = "Alt+ number"
            CASE 132: Key$ = "Ctrl + pad"
            CASE 133: Key$ = "F11"
            CASE 134: Key$ = "F12"
            CASE 135: Key$ = "Shift+ F11"
            CASE 136: Key$ = "Shift+ F12"
            CASE 137: Key$ = "Ctrl+ F11"
            CASE 138: Key$ = "Ctrl+ F12"
            CASE 139: Key$ = "Alt+ F11"
            CASE 140: Key$ = "Alt+ F12"
            CASE ELSE: Key$ = ""
        END SELECT
        LOCATE 10, 5: {{Cl|PRINT USING}} tmp2$; code%; Key$
    END IF
LOOP UNTIL A$ = CHR$(9)
SOUND 400, 4
SLEEP 3
SYSTEM '' ''


{{Cl|COLOR}} {{Text|9|#F580B1}}
{{Cl|DO}}
    {{Cl|DO}}: {{Cl|SLEEP}}: A$ = {{Cl|INKEY$}}: {{Cl|DO...LOOP|LOOP UNTIL}} A$ <> {{Text|<nowiki>""</nowiki>|#FFB100}} {{Text|<nowiki>'legal ASC read keys</nowiki>|#919191}}
    {{Cl|IF}} {{Cl|ASC (function)|ASC}}(A$) > {{Text|0|#F580B1}} {{Cl|THEN}} {{Text|<nowiki>' normal key codes</nowiki>|#919191}}
        code% = {{Cl|ASC (function)|ASC}}(A$)
        {{Cl|SELECT CASE}} code%
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|7|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Beep"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|8|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Backspace"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|9|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Tab Key"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|10|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Line Feed"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|12|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Form Feed"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|13|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Enter"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|27|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Escape"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|32|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Space Bar"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|48|#F580B1}} {{Cl|TO}} {{Text|57|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Number"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|65|#F580B1}} {{Cl|TO}} {{Text|90|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Uppercase"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|97|#F580B1}} {{Cl|TO}} {{Text|122|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Lowercase"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE ELSE}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>""</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
        {{Cl|END SELECT}}
        {{Cl|SELECT CASE}} code% {{Text|<nowiki>'check for unprintable control combo characters</nowiki>|#919191}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|10|#F580B1}} {{Cl|TO}} {{Text|13|#F580B1}}: Kcode% = {{Text|32|#F580B1}}
            {{Cl|CASE ELSE}}: Kcode% = code%
        {{Cl|END SELECT}}
        {{Cl|COLOR}} {{Text|9|#F580B1}}: {{Cl|LOCATE}} {{Text|10|#F580B1}}, {{Text|5|#F580B1}}: {{Cl|PRINT USING}} tmp$; code%; {{Cl|CHR$}}(Kcode%); Key$;
    {{Cl|END IF}}
    {{Cl|IF}} {{Cl|ASC (function)|ASC}}(A$) = {{Text|0|#F580B1}} {{Cl|THEN}} {{Text|<nowiki>'two byte key codes</nowiki>|#919191}}
        code% = {{Cl|ASC (function)|ASC}}({{Cl|RIGHT$}}(A$, {{Text|1|#F580B1}})) {{Text|<nowiki>'QBasic code</nowiki>|#919191}}
        {{Text|<nowiki>'code% = ASC(A$, 2)        'QB64 code alternative</nowiki>|#919191}}
        {{Cl|SELECT CASE}} code%
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|16|#F580B1}} {{Cl|TO}} {{Text|50|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Alt+ letter"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|72|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Cl|CHR$}}({{Text|24|#F580B1}}) + {{Text|<nowiki>" Arrow"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|75|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Cl|CHR$}}({{Text|27|#F580B1}}) + {{Text|<nowiki>" Arrow"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|77|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Cl|CHR$}}({{Text|26|#F580B1}}) + {{Text|<nowiki>" Arrow"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|80|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Cl|CHR$}}({{Text|25|#F580B1}}) + {{Text|<nowiki>" Arrow"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|83|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Delete"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|59|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"F1"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|60|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"F2"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|61|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"F3"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|62|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"F4"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|63|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"F5"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|64|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"F6"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|65|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"F7"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|66|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"F8"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|67|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"F9"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|68|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"F10"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|71|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Home"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|73|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Page "</nowiki>|#FFB100}} + {{Cl|CHR$}}({{Text|24|#F580B1}})
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|79|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"End"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|81|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Page "</nowiki>|#FFB100}} + {{Cl|CHR$}}({{Text|25|#F580B1}})
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|82|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Insert"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|83|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Delete"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|84|#F580B1}} {{Cl|TO}} {{Text|93|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Shift+ F"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|94|#F580B1}} {{Cl|TO}} {{Text|103|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Ctrl+ F"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|104|#F580B1}} {{Cl|TO}} {{Text|113|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Alt+ F"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|114|#F580B1}} {{Cl|TO}} {{Text|119|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Ctrl + pad"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|120|#F580B1}} {{Cl|TO}} {{Text|129|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Alt+ number"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|132|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Ctrl + pad"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|133|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"F11"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|134|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"F12"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|135|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Shift+ F11"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|136|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Shift+ F12"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|137|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Ctrl+ F11"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|138|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Ctrl+ F12"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|139|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Alt+ F11"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE}} {{Text|140|#F580B1}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>"Alt+ F12"</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
            {{Cl|CASE ELSE}}: Key$ = {{Text|<nowiki>""</nowiki>|#FFB100}}
        {{Cl|END SELECT}}
        {{Cl|LOCATE}} {{Text|10|#F580B1}}, {{Text|5|#F580B1}}: {{Cl|PRINT USING}} tmp2$; code%; Key$
    {{Cl|END IF}}
{{Cl|DO...LOOP|LOOP UNTIL}} A$ = {{Cl|CHR$}}({{Text|9|#F580B1}})
{{Cl|SOUND}} {{Text|400|#F580B1}}, {{Text|4|#F580B1}}
{{Cl|SLEEP}} {{Text|3|#F580B1}}
{{Cl|SYSTEM}}
{{CodeEnd}}
{{CodeEnd}}
{{small|Code by Ted Weissgerber}}
{{Small|Code by Ted Weissgerber}}
''Explanation:'' The routine checks for a keypress and [[SLEEP]] guarantees that [[ASC]] will never read an empty string from INKEY$. When the keypress is determined to be two bytes ([[ASC]](A$) = 0) the second SELECT CASE routine is used. You can even display non-keyboard extended characters. Just press Alt + numberpad code, release and press enter.
''Explanation:'' The routine checks for a keypress and [[SLEEP]] guarantees that [[ASC (function)|ASC]] will never read an empty string from INKEY$. When the keypress is determined to be two bytes ([[ASC (function)|ASC]](A$) = 0) the second SELECT CASE routine is used. You can even display non-keyboard extended characters. Just press Alt + numberpad code, release and press enter.


:::Note: Ctrl + letter keys will list the contol keys as normal codes. EX: Ctrl + G will BEEP (CHR$(7)).
:::Note: Ctrl + letter keys will list the contol keys as normal codes. EX: Ctrl + G will BEEP (CHR$(7)).
<p style="text-align: center">([[#toc|Return to Table of Contents]])</p>
<p style="text-align: center">([[#toc|Return to Table of Contents]])</p>


==References==
=== More Examples ===
 
* ''Printable ASCII Table:'' [[_PRINTIMAGE]] (see Example 2 on page)
 
''Printable ASCII Table:'' [[_PRINTIMAGE]] (see Example 2 on page)




Line 463: Line 462:
* [[_KEYHIT]], [[_KEYDOWN]]
* [[_KEYHIT]], [[_KEYDOWN]]
* [[_MAPUNICODE]], [[_MAPUNICODE (function)]]
* [[_MAPUNICODE]], [[_MAPUNICODE (function)]]
* [[Code Pages]] {{text|(Various Unicode Languages)}}
* [[Code Pages]]
* [[ASC (statement)]] {{text|(QB64 only)}}
* [[ASC]], [[ASC (function)]]
* [[ASC]], [[INSTR]]
* [[MID$]], [[MID$ (function)]]
* [[CHR$]], [[INKEY$]]
* [[INSTR]], [[CHR$]], [[INKEY$]]
* [[LEFT$]], [[MID$]], [[RIGHT$]]
* [[LEFT$]], [[RIGHT$]]
* [[PRINT]], [[SCREEN]]
* [[PRINT]], [[SCREEN]]
* [[MKI$]], [[MKL$]], [[MKS$]], [[MKD$]], [[_MK$]]
* [[MKI$]], [[MKL$]], [[MKS$]], [[MKD$]], [[_MK$]]
* [[_PRINTSTRING]], [[_SCREENPRINT]]
* [[_PRINTSTRING]], [[_SCREENPRINT]]
* [[_CONTROLCHR]] {{text|(turns control PRINT actions OFF/ON)}}
* [[_CONTROLCHR]]
* [[Scancodes]](keyboard), [[Unicode]](character table)
* [[Scancodes]], [[Unicode]]
* [[Text Using Graphics]]
* [[Text Using Graphics]]




{{PageNavigation}}
{{PageNavigation}}

Latest revision as of 15:16, 25 September 2024

ASCII and Extended Codes

MS-DOS code page 437:
ASCII Control 0 to 31 | ASCII Keyboard Character Codes 32 to 127
Code Character [key] Code Character Code Character Code Character
0 (NUL) 32 [Spacebar] 64 @ 96 `
1 ☺ (SOH) 33 ! 65 A 97 a
2 ☻ (STX) 34 " 66 B 98 b
3 ♥ (ETX) 35 # 67 C 99 c
4 ♦ (EOT) 36 $ 68 D 100 d
5 ♣ (ENQ) 37 % 69 E 101 e
6 ♠ (ACK) 38 & 70 F 102 f
7 • (BEL) BEEP 39 ' 71 G 103 g
8 ◘ [BackSpace] ** 40 ( 72 H 104 h
9 ○ (HT) [TAB] ** 41 ) 73 I 105 i
10 ◙ (LineFeed) ** 42 * 74 J 106 j
11 ♂ (VT) ** 43 + 75 K 107 k
12 ♀ (FormFeed) ** 44 , 76 L 108 l
13 ♪ (CR) [Enter] ** 45 - 77 M 109 m
14 ♫ (SO) 46 . 78 N 110 n
15 ☼ (SI) 47 / 79 O 111 o
16 ► (DLE) 48 0 80 P 112 p
17 ◄ (DC1) 49 1 81 Q 113 q
18 ↕ (DC2) 50 2 82 R 114 r
19 ‼ (DC3) 51 3 83 S 115 s
20 ¶ (DC4) 52 4 84 T 116 t
21 § (NAK) 53 5 85 U 117 u
22 ▬ (SYN) 54 6 86 V 118 v
23 ↨ (ETB) 55 7 87 W 119 w
24 ↑ (CAN) 56 8 88 X 120 x
25 ↓ (EM) 57 9 89 Y 121 y
26 → (SUB) EOF 58 : 90 Z 122 z
27 ← (ESC) [Esc] 59 ; 91 [ 123 {
28 ∟ (FS) ** 60 < 92 \ 124 |
29 ↔ (GS) ** 61 = 93 ] 125 }
30 ▲ (RS) ** 62 > 94 ^ 126 ~
31 ▼ (US) ** 63 ? 95 _ 127 ⌂ (DEL) *
IBM, International, graphical, mathematical and other characters
Code Character Code Character Code Character Code Character
128 Ç 160 á 192 └ 224 α
129 ü 161 í 193 ┴ 225 ß
130 é 162 ó 194 ┬ 226 Γ
131 â 163 ú 195 ├ 227 π
132 ä 164 ñ 196 ─ 228 Σ
133 à 165 Ñ 197 ┼ 229 σ
134 å 166 ª 198 ╞ 230 µ
135 ç 167 º 199 ╟ 231 τ
136 ê 168 ¿ 200 ╚ 232 Φ
137 ë 169 ⌐ 201 ╔ 233 Θ
138 è 170 ¬ 202 ╩ 234 Ω
139 ï 171 ½ 203 ╦ 235 δ
140 î 172 ¼ 204 ╠ 236 ∞
141 ì 173 ¡ 205 ═ 237 φ
142 Ä 174 « 206 ╬ 238 ε
143 Å 175 » 207 ╧ 239 ∩
144 É 176 ░ 208 ╨ 240 ≡
145 æ 177 ▒ 209 ╤ 241 ±
146 Æ 178 ▓ 210 ╥ 242 ≥
147 ô 179 │ 211 ╙ 243 ≤
148 ö 180 ┤ 212 ╘ 244 ⌠
149 ò 181 ╡ 213 ╒ 245 ⌡
150 û 182 ╢ 214 ╓ 246 ÷
151 ù 183 ╖ 215 ╫ 247 ≈
152 ÿ 184 ╕ 216 ╪ 248 °
153 Ö 185 ╣ 217 ┘ 249 ∙
154 Ü 186 ║ 218 ┌ 250 ·
155 ¢ 187 ╗ 219 █ 251 √
156 £ 188 ╝ 220 ▄ 252 ⁿ
157 ¥ 189 ╜ 221 ▌ 253 ²
158 ₧ 190 ╛ 222 ▐ 254 ■
159 ƒ 191 ┐ 223 ▀ 255 NBSP ***
* DEL was used to erase paper tape data by punching out all of the 7 holes.
** Control characters 8 to 13 and 28 to 31 can move text formatting when printed and do not display
*** NBSP is a Non-breaking Space used to indent text. Some browsers may handle this character differently
More information about ASCII Control Characters


Unicode Character Table


Control Characters

  • INKEY$ will return Control + letter key press combinations as the equivalent control characters or bold function keys listed below:
 CTRL + A = CHR$(1)   ☺  StartHeader (SOH)    CTRL + B = CHR$(2)   ☻  StartText         (STX)
 CTRL + C = CHR$(3)   ♥  EndText     (ETX)    CTRL + D = CHR$(4)   ♦  EndOfTransmit     (EOT)
 CTRL + E = CHR$(5)   ♣  Enquiry     (ENQ)    CTRL + F = CHR$(6)   ♠  Acknowledge       (ACK)
 CTRL + G = CHR$(7)   •  Bell        (BEL)    CTRL + H = CHR$(8)   ◘  [Backspace]       (BSP)
 CTRL + I = CHR$(9)   ○  Horiz.Tab   [Tab]    CTRL + J = CHR$(10)  ◙  LineFeed(printer) (LF)
 CTRL + K = CHR$(11)  ♂  Vert. Tab   (VT)     CTRL + L = CHR$(12)  ♀  FormFeed(printer) (FF)
 CTRL + M = CHR$(13)  ♪  [Enter]     (CR)     CTRL + N = CHR$(14)  ♫  ShiftOut          (SO)
 CTRL + O = CHR$(15)  ☼  ShiftIn     (SI)     CTRL + P = CHR$(16)  ►  DataLinkEscape    (DLE)
 CTRL + Q = CHR$(17)  ◄  DevControl1 (DC1)    CTRL + R = CHR$(18)  ↕  DeviceControl2    (DC2)
 CTRL + S = CHR$(19)  ‼  DevControl3 (DC3)    CTRL + T = CHR$(20)  ¶  DeviceControl4    (DC4)
 CTRL + U = CHR$(21)  §  NegativeACK (NAK)    CTRL + V = CHR$(22)  ▬  Synchronous Idle  (SYN)
 CTRL + W = CHR$(23)  ↨  EndTXBlock  (ETB)    CTRL + X = CHR$(24)  ↑  Cancel            (CAN)
 CTRL + Y = CHR$(25)  ↓  EndMedium   (EM)     CTRL + Z = CHR$(26)  →  End Of File(SUB)  (EOF)

   Red symbols will format text and not PRINT the symbol. _PRINTSTRING can print in QB64
  • Control characters 1 to 26 can be used to simulate Ctrl + letter key shortcuts in Windows programs using _SCREENPRINT.
  • _CONTROLCHR OFF can also be used in QB64 to allow control characters to be printed without formatting the text.


ASCII in Text and Printing
  • Characters 0(NULL) and 255(NBSP) can also be used to print spaces(32). Useful for making file names harder to delete too.
  • Character 7 will create a BEEP sound when printed in QB64 or an error sound in QBasic using a SCREEN 0 window.
  • Character 8 is returned when the Backspace key is pressed.
  • Characters 9 thru 13 and 28 thru 31 can affect screen or file text placements and do not display the character when printed:
  • Character 9 will Tab space the cursor 8 column spaces when printed.
  • Character 10 moves the cursor or "line feeds" the printer head down one row.
  • Character 11 vertical tabs the cursor back to top left position of page or screen. Acts like CLS.
  • Character 12 acts like CLS when printed. "Form feeds" the page out of printers.
  • Character 13 is the cursor or typing "carriage return" to the start of the line on left side. Returned when Enter key pressed.
  • Character 28 designates a File Separator. Moves the print cursor one space right. Combination Ctrl + \
  • Character 29 designates a Group Separator. Moves the print cursor one space left. Combination Ctrl + ]
  • Character 30 designates a Record Separator. Moves the print cursor one row up. Combination Ctrl + ^
  • Character 31 designates a Unit Separator. Moves the print cursor one row down. Combination Ctrl + _
  • QB64 can display all of the control characters without formatting the text using _PRINTSTRING.
  • Characters 13 and 10 can be combined to create the CrLf carriage return used in files or printing. crlf$ = CHR$(13) + CHR$(10).
  • Character 16, the data link escape(DLE) character, can designate that a control character is being sent from a COM port.
Example: (DLE) <XON> <DATA PACKET> (DLE) <XOFF> or (DLE) <STX> <DATA PACKET> (DLE) <ETX>
  • Character 17, Device Control 1, is used with COM ports to mark the start of a transmission as "XON". The character is read.
  • Character 19, Device Control 3, is used with COM ports to mark the end of a transmission as "XOFF". The character is NOT read.
  • Character 26 can be used to designate the end of a file. See EOF.
  • Character 27 ← is returned when the Escape key is pressed.
Control character PRINT actions can be controlled using _CONTROLCHR OFF or ON in QB64.


SCREEN 12
COLOR 14: PRINT "Press Control + letter key combinations."
DO
    K$ = INKEY$
    IF LEN(K$) THEN
        code = ASC(K$)
        IF code < 32 THEN _PRINTSTRING (220, 100), "Ctrl + " + CHR$(code + 64) + " = " + K$ + " "
    END IF
LOOP UNTIL K$ = CHR$(27)

END


ASCII Character Usage
  • Characters are one byte and take up one space(byte) in a STRING value or variable.
  • Extended(non-keyboard) characters can be entered by holding down Alt key and entering the code number on the Number pad.
  • PRINTs text characters and symbols or formats the screen, printer or file.
  • BINARY files often store values below 256 in the one byte character. To read the value get the code with ASC.
  • Numerical values placed into a BINARY or RANDOM file using a GET or PUT variable, they will be stored in _MK$ format.
  • Characters 176 to 223 can be used to create screen borders or boundaries in an ASCII game. See: SCREEN (function)
  • Character 253(small 2) can be found as the first character byte of a BSAVEd image file opened in BINARY mode.
  • Character 255 can be used as the NBSP(non-breaking space) character on web pages to fill in extra spaces.
  • Can be used to crudely encrypt a file so others cannot read it by shifting the code values. See CHR$ example 2.

(Return to Table of Contents)


ASC Codes

ASC cannot read empty INKEY$ = "" loop reads! Check for them before reading ASC key press codes!
'                                ASCII Keyboard Codes
'
'  Esc  F1  F2  F3  F4  F5  F6  F7  F8  F9  F10  F11  F12  Sys ScL Pause
'   27 +59 +60 +61 +62 +63 +64 +65 +66 +67 +68  +133 +134   -   -    -
'  `~  1!  2@  3#  4$  5%  6^  7&  8*  9(  0) -_ =+ BkSp   Ins Hme PUp   NumL  /   *    -
'  126 33  64  35  36  37  94  38  42  40  41 95 43   8    +82 +71 +73    -    47  42   45
'   96 49  50  51  52  53  54  55  56  57  48 45 61
'  Tab Q   W   E   R   T   Y   U   I   O   P  [{  ]}  \|   Del End PDn   7Hme 8/▲  9PU  + 
'   9  81  87  69  82  84  89  85  73  79  80 123 125 124  +83 +79 +81   +71  +72  +73  43
'     113 119 101 114 116 121 117 105 111 112  91  93  92                 55   56   57 
'  CapL  A   S   D   F   G   H   J   K   L   ;:  '" Enter                4/◄-  5   6/-►
'    -   65  83  68  70  71  72  74  75  76  58  34  13                  +75  +76  +77  E
'        97 115 100 102 103 104 106 107 108  59  39                       52   53   54  n
'  Shift  Z   X   C   V   B   N   M   ,<  .>  /?    Shift       ▲        1End 2/▼  3PD  t
'    *    90  88  67  86  66  78  77  60  62  63      *        +72       +79  +80  +81  e
'        122 120  99 118  98 110 109  44  46  47                          49   50   51  r
'  Ctrl Win Alt       Spacebar          Alt Win Menu Ctrl   ◄-  ▼   -►   0Ins     .Del 
'   *    -   *           32              *   -   -    *    +75 +80 +77   +82       +83  13
'                                                                         48        46
'
'      Italics = LCase/NumLock On  ____________  + = 2 Byte: CHR$(0) + CHR$(code)
NOTE: The above commented table can be copied and pasted directly into the QB64 IDE


Use ASC(RIGHT$(key$, 1)) or ASC(key$, 2) in QB64 to read a two byte code when ASC(key$) = 0
* See the Two Byte Ctrl, Alt and Shift + Function key combinations below
'             Demo displays all ASCII codes and 2 byte code combinations
DO: K$ = INKEY$
    IF K$ <> "" THEN 'ASC will return an error if an empty string is read!
        IF ASC(K$) > 0 THEN
            PRINT "CHR$(" + LTRIM$(STR$(ASC(K$))) + ")" 'display normal keypress codes
        ELSE PRINT "CHR$(0) + CHR$(" + LTRIM$(STR$(ASC(K$, 2))) + ")" 'display 2 byte codes
        END IF
    END IF
LOOP UNTIL K$ = CHR$(27) 'escape key press exits
Note: In QB64 ASC(K$, 2) can read the second byte of the 2 byte code when ASC(K$) reads the first byte as 0.

(Return to Table of Contents)


Two Byte Codes

Two Byte ASCII Keyboard Return Values
  • INKEY$ returns both bytes when two byte keys or key combinations are pressed. The second byte = RIGHT$(keypress$, 1)
  • If the character returned is a two byte code, ASC will return 0. Warning: ASC cannot read empty INKEY$ string values!
  • In QB64 only, ASC(keypress$, 2) can return the second byte code. Don't read empty string values!
  • String values returned can be compared in an IF or SELECT CASE routine by using the actual string definitions such as:
IF INKEY$ = CHR$(0) + CHR$(80) THEN row = row + 1 or IF INKEY$ = CHR$(0) + "P" THEN row = row + 1
                 Two Byte Character Codes       Key                 CHR$(0) + "?" 

                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(16-50)      [Alt] + letter
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(59)         [F1]                 ";"
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(60)         [F2]                 "<"
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(61)         [F3]                 "="
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(62)         [F4]                 ">"
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(63)         [F5]                 "?"
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(64)         [F6]                 "@"
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(65)         [F7]                 "A"
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(66)         [F8]                 "B"
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(67)         [F9]                 "C"
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(68)         [F10]                "D"
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(71)         [Home]               "G"
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(72)         [↑] Up Arrow         "H"
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(73)         [Page Up]            "I"
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(75)         [←] Left Arrow       "K"
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(76)         [5 NumberPad]        "L" (NumLock off in QB64)
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(77)         [→] Right Arrow      "M"
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(79)         [End]                "O"
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(80)         [↓] Down Arrow       "P"
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(81)         [Page Down]          "Q"
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(82)         [Insert]             "R"
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(83)         [Delete]             "S"
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(84-93)      [Shift] + F1-10
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(94-103)     [Ctrl] + F1-10
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(104-113)    [Alt] + F1-10
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(114-119)    [Ctrl] + keypad
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(120-129)    [Alt] + number
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(130 or 131) [Alt] + _/- or +/=   "é" or "â"
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(133)        [F11]                "à"
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(134)        [F12]                "å"
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(135)        [Shift] + [F11]      "ç"
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(136)        [Shift] + [F12]      "ê"
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(137)        [Ctrl] + [F11]       "ë"
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(138)        [Ctrl] + [F12]       "è"
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(139)        [Alt] + [F11]        "ï"
                    CHR$(0) + CHR$(140)        [Alt] + [F12]        "î"
In QB64, CVI can be used to get the _KEYDOWN 2-byte code value. Example: status = _KEYDOWN(CVI(CHR$(0) + "P"))
See Scancodes for other keyboard function keys.

(Return to Table of Contents)


Examples

Example 1: Using arrow keys to move a text character. A change from a previous position tells program when to PRINT: 

movey = 1: movex = 1 'text coordinates can never be 0
at$ = "@" 'text sprite could be almost any ASCII character
LOCATE movey, movex: PRINT at$;
DO
    px = movex: py = movey 'previous positions
    B$ = INKEY$
    IF B$ = CHR$(0) + CHR$(72) AND movey > 1 THEN movey = movey - 1 'rows 1 to 23 only
    IF B$ = CHR$(0) + CHR$(80) AND movey < 23 THEN movey = movey + 1
    IF B$ = CHR$(0) + CHR$(75) AND movex > 1 THEN movex = movex - 1 'columns 1 to 80 only
    IF B$ = CHR$(0) + CHR$(77) AND movex < 80 THEN movex = movex + 1

    IF px <> movex OR py <> movey THEN 'only changes when needed
        LOCATE py, px: PRINT SPACE$(1); 'erase old sprite
        LOCATE movey, movex: PRINT at$; 'show new position
    END IF
LOOP UNTIL B$ = CHR$(27) 'ESCape key exit
END


Example 2: Routine displays all keypress codes including Ctrl, Alt and Shift combinations. Ctrl + letter = control codes 1 to 26. 

SCREEN 13
tmp$ = "   CHR$(###),\\,\          \       "
tmp2$ = "  CHR$(0) + CHR$(###) \           \"
COLOR 14: LOCATE 3, 3: PRINT "The code can tell what key is pressed"
COLOR 12: LOCATE 5, 14: PRINT CHR$(3); SPACE$(3);
COLOR 13: PRINT CHR$(5); SPACE$(3);
COLOR 12: PRINT CHR$(4); SPACE$(3);
COLOR 13: PRINT CHR$(6)
COLOR 10: LOCATE 7, 4: PRINT " Hit a key to find the ASCII Code"
COLOR 5: LOCATE 13, 1: PRINT " Codes below 33 are called control keys"
LOCATE 14, 1: PRINT " CHR$(0) + are 2 byte Extended key codes"
COLOR 13: LOCATE 16, 1: PRINT " Extended: Press Alt + numberpad: Enter"
LOCATE 18, 1: PRINT "  Try some Ctrl, Alt, or Shift Combo's"
COLOR 5: LOCATE 20, 1: PRINT " INKEY$ is used to detect the key entry"
COLOR 2: LOCATE 22, 15: PRINT CHR$(1); "       "; CHR$(2)
COLOR 4: LOCATE 24, 10: PRINT "To Quit hit the TAB key";

COLOR 9
DO
    DO: SLEEP: A$ = INKEY$: LOOP UNTIL A$ <> "" 'legal ASC read keys
    IF ASC(A$) > 0 THEN ' normal key codes
        code% = ASC(A$)
        SELECT CASE code%
            CASE 7: Key$ = "Beep"
            CASE 8: Key$ = "Backspace"
            CASE 9: Key$ = "Tab Key"
            CASE 10: Key$ = "Line Feed"
            CASE 12: Key$ = "Form Feed"
            CASE 13: Key$ = "Enter"
            CASE 27: Key$ = "Escape"
            CASE 32: Key$ = "Space Bar"
            CASE 48 TO 57: Key$ = "Number"
            CASE 65 TO 90: Key$ = "Uppercase"
            CASE 97 TO 122: Key$ = "Lowercase"
            CASE ELSE: Key$ = ""
        END SELECT
        SELECT CASE code% 'check for unprintable control combo characters
            CASE 10 TO 13: Kcode% = 32
            CASE ELSE: Kcode% = code%
        END SELECT
        COLOR 9: LOCATE 10, 5: PRINT USING tmp$; code%; CHR$(Kcode%); Key$;
    END IF
    IF ASC(A$) = 0 THEN 'two byte key codes
        code% = ASC(RIGHT$(A$, 1)) 'QBasic code
        'code% = ASC(A$, 2)        'QB64 code alternative
        SELECT CASE code%
            CASE 16 TO 50: Key$ = "Alt+ letter"
            CASE 72: Key$ = CHR$(24) + " Arrow"
            CASE 75: Key$ = CHR$(27) + " Arrow"
            CASE 77: Key$ = CHR$(26) + " Arrow"
            CASE 80: Key$ = CHR$(25) + " Arrow"
            CASE 83: Key$ = "Delete"
            CASE 59: Key$ = "F1"
            CASE 60: Key$ = "F2"
            CASE 61: Key$ = "F3"
            CASE 62: Key$ = "F4"
            CASE 63: Key$ = "F5"
            CASE 64: Key$ = "F6"
            CASE 65: Key$ = "F7"
            CASE 66: Key$ = "F8"
            CASE 67: Key$ = "F9"
            CASE 68: Key$ = "F10"
            CASE 71: Key$ = "Home"
            CASE 73: Key$ = "Page " + CHR$(24)
            CASE 79: Key$ = "End"
            CASE 81: Key$ = "Page " + CHR$(25)
            CASE 82: Key$ = "Insert"
            CASE 83: Key$ = "Delete"
            CASE 84 TO 93: Key$ = "Shift+ F"
            CASE 94 TO 103: Key$ = "Ctrl+ F"
            CASE 104 TO 113: Key$ = "Alt+ F"
            CASE 114 TO 119: Key$ = "Ctrl + pad"
            CASE 120 TO 129: Key$ = "Alt+ number"
            CASE 132: Key$ = "Ctrl + pad"
            CASE 133: Key$ = "F11"
            CASE 134: Key$ = "F12"
            CASE 135: Key$ = "Shift+ F11"
            CASE 136: Key$ = "Shift+ F12"
            CASE 137: Key$ = "Ctrl+ F11"
            CASE 138: Key$ = "Ctrl+ F12"
            CASE 139: Key$ = "Alt+ F11"
            CASE 140: Key$ = "Alt+ F12"
            CASE ELSE: Key$ = ""
        END SELECT
        LOCATE 10, 5: PRINT USING tmp2$; code%; Key$
    END IF
LOOP UNTIL A$ = CHR$(9)
SOUND 400, 4
SLEEP 3
SYSTEM
Code by Ted Weissgerber

Explanation: The routine checks for a keypress and SLEEP guarantees that ASC will never read an empty string from INKEY$. When the keypress is determined to be two bytes (ASC(A$) = 0) the second SELECT CASE routine is used. You can even display non-keyboard extended characters. Just press Alt + numberpad code, release and press enter.

Note: Ctrl + letter keys will list the contol keys as normal codes. EX: Ctrl + G will BEEP (CHR$(7)).

(Return to Table of Contents)

More Examples

  • Printable ASCII Table: _PRINTIMAGE (see Example 2 on page)


See also


Navigation:
Main Page with Articles and Tutorials
Keyword Reference - Alphabetical
Keyword Reference - By usage
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