&O

The &O prefix denotes that an integer value is expressed in a Octal base 8 format.

Syntax

a& = &O377

Description

• The base 8 numbering system uses octal digit values of 0 to 7 only.
• Leading zero values can be omitted just like in decimal values as they add nothing to the return value.
• Decimal values returned can be any signed INTEGER, LONG integer, or _INTEGER64 value so use those type of variables when converting directly as shown above in the Syntax. The program "overflow" error limits are listed as:

• _BYTE: 3 octal digits or a decimal value range from -128 to 127. _UNSIGNED: 0 to 255.
• INTEGER: 6 octal digits or a decimal value range from -32,768 to 32,767. _UNSIGNED: 0 to 65535.
• LONG: 11 octal digits or a decimal value range from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647. _UNSIGNED: 0 to 4294967295.
• _INTEGER64: 22 octal digits or decimal values from -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807.
• _UNSIGNED _INTEGER64: 0 to 18446744073709551615.

• The maximum octal value for each numerical type is the maximum number of digits listed above, each valued at 7 (except the first digit).
  • If the maximum number of digits is used, then the first digit (usually the highest significant position) may not be maxed out to 7, but only up to 3 (_BYTE and LONG) and up to 1 (INTEGER and _INTEGER64).
• Convert octal to LONG values by appending the values with the suffix &. Example: &O100000 = -32768: &O100000& = 32768
• To convert octal strings returned from OCT$ with VAL you need to prefix the string with &O (for example, if the string is "377" you should do VAL("&O377") or VAL("&O" + octvalue$).

Examples

Example 1

The maximum octal values of decimal value -1 in each numerical type are:

c&& = -1: d& = -1: e% = -1: f%% = -1 oc$ = OCT$(f%%) PRINT "Max octal _BYTE = "; oc$; " with"; LEN(oc$); "digits ="; VAL("&O" + oc$) oc$ = OCT$(e%) PRINT "Max octal INTEGER = "; oc$; " with"; LEN(oc$); "digits ="; VAL("&O" + oc$) oc$ = OCT$(d&) PRINT "Max octal LONG = "; oc$; " with"; LEN(oc$); "digits ="; VAL("&O" + oc$) oc$ = OCT$(c&&) PRINT "Max octal _INTEGER64 = "; oc$; " with"; LEN(oc$); "digits ="; VAL("&O" + oc$) oc$ = OCT$(9223372036854775807) PRINT "Max _INTEGER64 value = "; oc$; " with"; LEN(oc$); "digits" oc$ = OCT$(-9223372036854775808) PRINT "Min _INTEGER64 value = "; oc$; " with"; LEN(oc$); "digits"

Max octal _BYTE = 377 with 3 digits = 255 Max octal INTEGER = 177777 with 6 digits = 65535 Max octal LONG = 37777777777 with 11 digits = 4294967295 Max octal _INTEGER64 = 1777777777777777777777 with 22 digits =-1 Max _INTEGER64 value = 777777777777777777777 with 21 digits Min _INTEGER64 value = 1000000000000000000000 with 22 digits

See also

• _BIN$, HEX$, OCT$, STR$
• &B (binary), &H (hexadecimal), VAL
• Base Comparisons

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