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The '''&O''' prefix denotes that a integer value is expressed in an Octal base 8 format.
The [[&O]] prefix denotes that an integer value is expressed in a Octal base 8 format.




{{PageSyntax}}
{{PageSyntax}}
:::: a& = &O12345671234
: {{Parameter|a&}} = [[&O]]377




* The base eight numbering system only uses octal digit values of 0 to 7.
{{PageDescription}}
* Leading zero values '''can''' be omitted as they add nothing to the return value.
* The base 8 numbering system uses octal digit values of 0 to 7 only.
* Decimal values returned can be any '''signed''' [[INTEGER]], [[LONG]] integer, or [[_INTEGER64]] value so use those type of variables when converting directly as shown above. The program [[ERROR Codes|"overflow"]] error limits are listed as:
* Leading zero values can be omitted just like in decimal values as they add nothing to the return value.
:: * [[INTEGER]]: 6 octal digits or a decimal value range from -32,768 to 32,767
* Decimal values returned can be any '''signed''' [[INTEGER]], [[LONG]] integer, or [[_INTEGER64]] value so use those type of variables when converting directly as shown above in the Syntax. The program [[ERROR Codes|"overflow"]] error limits are listed as:
:: * [[LONG]]: 11 octal digits or a decimal value range from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
:* [[_BYTE]]: 3 octal digits or a decimal value range from -128 to 127. [[_UNSIGNED]]: 0 to 255.
:: * [[_INTEGER64]]: 22 octal digits or decimal values from -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807.
:* [[INTEGER]]: 6 octal digits or a decimal value range from -32,768 to 32,767. [[_UNSIGNED]]: 0 to 65535.
* [[LONG]] Octal values can be expressed by appending & after the number. Example: &O100000& = 32768
:* [[LONG]]: 11 octal digits or a decimal value range from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647. [[_UNSIGNED]]: 0 to 4294967295.
:* [[_INTEGER64]]: 22 octal digits or decimal values from -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807.
:* [[_UNSIGNED]] [[_INTEGER64]]: 0 to 18446744073709551615.
* The maximum octal value for each numerical type is the maximum number of digits listed above, each valued at '''7''' (except the first digit).
** If the maximum number of digits is used, then the first digit (usually the highest significant position) may not be maxed out to '''7''', but only up to '''3''' ([[_BYTE]] and [[LONG]]) and up to '''1''' ([[INTEGER]] and [[_INTEGER64]]).
* Convert octal to [[LONG]] values by appending the values with the suffix '''&'''. Example: [[&O]]100000 = -32768: [[&O]]100000'''&''' = 32768
* To convert octal strings returned from [[OCT$]] with [[VAL]] you need to prefix the string with [[&O]] (for example, if the string is "377" you should do {{InlineCode}}{{Cl|VAL}}("&O377"){{InlineCodeEnd}} or {{InlineCode}}{{Cl|VAL}}("&O" + octvalue$){{InlineCodeEnd}}.




''Example:'' The maximum octal values of decimal value -1 in each numerical type are:
{{PageExamples}}
;Example 1:The maximum octal values of decimal value -1 in each numerical type are:
{{CodeStart}}
{{CodeStart}}
c&& = -1: d& = -1: e% = -1: f%% = -1
c&& = -1: d& = -1: e% = -1: f%% = -1
Line 25: Line 32:
{{Cl|PRINT}} "Max octal {{Cl|LONG}} = "; oc$; " with"; {{Cl|LEN}}(oc$); "digits ="; {{Cl|VAL}}("{{Cl|&O}}" + oc$)
{{Cl|PRINT}} "Max octal {{Cl|LONG}} = "; oc$; " with"; {{Cl|LEN}}(oc$); "digits ="; {{Cl|VAL}}("{{Cl|&O}}" + oc$)
oc$ = {{Cl|OCT$}}(c&&)
oc$ = {{Cl|OCT$}}(c&&)
{{Cl|PRINT}} "Max octal {{Cl|_INTEGER64}} = "; oc$; " with"; {{Cl|LEN}}(oc$); "digits ="; {{Cl|VAL}}("{{Cl|&O}}" + oc$) '' ''
{{Cl|PRINT}} "Max octal {{Cl|_INTEGER64}} = "; oc$; " with"; {{Cl|LEN}}(oc$); "digits ="; {{Cl|VAL}}("{{Cl|&O}}" + oc$)
oc$ = {{Cl|OCT$}}(9223372036854775807)
{{Cl|PRINT}} "Max {{Cl|_INTEGER64}} value = "; oc$; " with"; {{Cl|LEN}}(oc$); "digits"
oc$ = {{Cl|OCT$}}(-9223372036854775808)
{{Cl|PRINT}} "Min {{Cl|_INTEGER64}} value = "; oc$; " with"; {{Cl|LEN}}(oc$); "digits"
{{CodeEnd}}
{{CodeEnd}}
{{OutputStart}}Max octal _BYTE = 377 with 3 digits = 255
{{OutputStart}}
Max octal _BYTE = 377 with 3 digits = 255
Max octal INTEGER = 177777 with 6 digits = 65535
Max octal INTEGER = 177777 with 6 digits = 65535
Max octal LONG = 37777777777 with 11 digits = 4294967295
Max octal LONG = 37777777777 with 11 digits = 4294967295
Max octal _INTEGER64 = 1777777777777777777777 with 22 digits =-1
Max octal _INTEGER64 = 1777777777777777777777 with 22 digits =-1
Max _INTEGER64 value = 777777777777777777777 with 21 digits
Min _INTEGER64 value = 1000000000000000000000 with 22 digits
{{OutputEnd}}
{{OutputEnd}}




''See also:''
{{PageSeeAlso}}
* [[OCT$]], [[HEX$]], [[VAL]]
* [[_BIN$]], [[HEX$]], [[OCT$]], [[STR$]]
* [[&B]] (binary), [[&H]] (hexadecimal)
* [[&B]] (binary), [[&H]] (hexadecimal), [[VAL]]
* [[Base Comparisons]]
* [[Base Comparisons]]




{{PageNavigation}}
{{PageNavigation}}

Revision as of 22:35, 12 June 2022

The &O prefix denotes that an integer value is expressed in a Octal base 8 format.


Syntax

a& = &O377


Description

  • The base 8 numbering system uses octal digit values of 0 to 7 only.
  • Leading zero values can be omitted just like in decimal values as they add nothing to the return value.
  • Decimal values returned can be any signed INTEGER, LONG integer, or _INTEGER64 value so use those type of variables when converting directly as shown above in the Syntax. The program "overflow" error limits are listed as:
  • _BYTE: 3 octal digits or a decimal value range from -128 to 127. _UNSIGNED: 0 to 255.
  • INTEGER: 6 octal digits or a decimal value range from -32,768 to 32,767. _UNSIGNED: 0 to 65535.
  • LONG: 11 octal digits or a decimal value range from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647. _UNSIGNED: 0 to 4294967295.
  • _INTEGER64: 22 octal digits or decimal values from -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807.
  • _UNSIGNED _INTEGER64: 0 to 18446744073709551615.
  • The maximum octal value for each numerical type is the maximum number of digits listed above, each valued at 7 (except the first digit).
    • If the maximum number of digits is used, then the first digit (usually the highest significant position) may not be maxed out to 7, but only up to 3 (_BYTE and LONG) and up to 1 (INTEGER and _INTEGER64).
  • Convert octal to LONG values by appending the values with the suffix &. Example: &O100000 = -32768: &O100000& = 32768
  • To convert octal strings returned from OCT$ with VAL you need to prefix the string with &O (for example, if the string is "377" you should do VAL("&O377") or VAL("&O" + octvalue$).


Examples

Example 1
The maximum octal values of decimal value -1 in each numerical type are:
c&& = -1: d& = -1: e% = -1: f%% = -1
oc$ = OCT$(f%%)
PRINT "Max octal _BYTE = "; oc$; " with"; LEN(oc$); "digits ="; VAL("&O" + oc$)
oc$ = OCT$(e%)
PRINT "Max octal INTEGER = "; oc$; " with"; LEN(oc$); "digits ="; VAL("&O" + oc$)
oc$ = OCT$(d&)
PRINT "Max octal LONG = "; oc$; " with"; LEN(oc$); "digits ="; VAL("&O" + oc$)
oc$ = OCT$(c&&)
PRINT "Max octal _INTEGER64 = "; oc$; " with"; LEN(oc$); "digits ="; VAL("&O" + oc$)
oc$ = OCT$(9223372036854775807)
PRINT "Max _INTEGER64 value = "; oc$; " with"; LEN(oc$); "digits"
oc$ = OCT$(-9223372036854775808)
PRINT "Min _INTEGER64 value = "; oc$; " with"; LEN(oc$); "digits"

Max octal _BYTE = 377 with 3 digits = 255
Max octal INTEGER = 177777 with 6 digits = 65535
Max octal LONG = 37777777777 with 11 digits = 4294967295
Max octal _INTEGER64 = 1777777777777777777777 with 22 digits =-1
Max _INTEGER64 value = 777777777777777777777 with 21 digits
Min _INTEGER64 value = 1000000000000000000000 with 22 digits


See also


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