Concatenation: Difference between revisions
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(Created page with "'''Concatenation''' is a process where literal or variable STRING values are combined using the + operator. ''Usage:'' value$ = "Literal text" + string_variable$ + "more text." * The STRING values added can be literal or string variable values or a string FUNCTION value. * When combining string values in a variable definition, concatenation MUST be used! * Literal or variable numerical values cannot be used in string concatenation. * A numerical valu...") |
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* The [[STRING]] values added can be literal or string variable values or a string [[FUNCTION]] value. | * The [[STRING]] values added can be literal or string variable values or a string [[FUNCTION]] value. | ||
* When combining string values in a variable definition, concatenation MUST be used! | * When combining string values in a variable definition, concatenation MUST be used! | ||
* Literal or variable numerical values cannot be used in string concatenation. | * Literal or variable numerical values cannot be used in string concatenation. | ||
* A numerical value can be changed to a string value using the [[STR$]](number), [[CHR$]](code), [[HEX$]], [[OCT$]], [[MKI$]], [[MKS$]], [[MKD$]], [[MKL$]], [[_MK$]] or [[VARPTR$]] functions. | * A numerical value can be changed to a string value using the [[STR$]](number), [[CHR$]](code), [[HEX$]], [[OCT$]], [[MKI$]], [[MKS$]], [[MKD$]], [[MKL$]], [[_MK$]] or [[VARPTR$]] functions. | ||
* [[PRINT]] does not require any concatenation, but it can be used instead of using [[semicolon]]s where strings are combined ONLY. | * [[PRINT]] does not require any concatenation, but it can be used instead of using [[semicolon]]s where strings are combined ONLY. | ||
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''Example 1:'' Adding quotation marks to a string value using concatenation. Variables cannot be defined using semicolons! | ''Example 1:'' Adding quotation marks to a string value using concatenation. Variables cannot be defined using semicolons! | ||
{{CodeStart}} | {{CodeStart}} | ||
quote$ = {{Cl|CHR$}}(34) + "Hello World!" + {{Cl|CHR$}}(34) | quote$ = {{Cl|CHR$}}(34) + "Hello World!" + {{Cl|CHR$}}(34) | ||
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''Example 2:'' Inserting numerical values in a PRINT string with semicolons, PRINT USING and PRINT with concatenation. | ''Example 2:'' Inserting numerical values in a PRINT string with semicolons, PRINT USING and PRINT with concatenation. | ||
{{CodeStart}} | {{CodeStart}} | ||
name$ = "Billy" | name$ = "Billy" | ||
boxes% = 102 | boxes% = 102 | ||
| Line 33: | Line 33: | ||
{{Cl|PRINT}} name$; " sold"; boxes%; "boxes for $"; sales!; "." | {{Cl|PRINT}} name$; " sold"; boxes%; "boxes for $"; sales!; "." | ||
{{Cl|PRINT USING}} template$; name$; boxes%; sales! | {{Cl|PRINT USING}} template$; name$; boxes%; sales! | ||
{{Cl|PRINT}} name$ + " sold" + {{Cl|STR$}}(boxes%) + " boxes for $" + {{Cl|LTRIM$}}({{Cl|STR$}}(sales!)) + "." | {{Cl|PRINT}} name$ + " sold" + {{Cl|STR$}}(boxes%) + " boxes for $" + {{Cl|LTRIM$}}({{Cl|STR$}}(sales!)) + "." | ||
{{CodeEnd}} | {{CodeEnd}} | ||
{{OutputStart}} | {{OutputStart}} | ||
Billy sold 102 boxes for $ 306 . | Billy sold 102 boxes for $ 306 . | ||
Revision as of 01:22, 23 January 2023
Concatenation is a process where literal or variable STRING values are combined using the + operator.
Usage: value$ = "Literal text" + string_variable$ + "more text."
- The STRING values added can be literal or string variable values or a string FUNCTION value.
- When combining string values in a variable definition, concatenation MUST be used!
- Literal or variable numerical values cannot be used in string concatenation.
- A numerical value can be changed to a string value using the STR$(number), CHR$(code), HEX$, OCT$, MKI$, MKS$, MKD$, MKL$, _MK$ or VARPTR$ functions.
- PRINT does not require any concatenation, but it can be used instead of using semicolons where strings are combined ONLY.
- String values CANNOT be subtracted from a value! Use LEFT$, RIGHT$ or MID$ to get portions of a string value.
Example 1: Adding quotation marks to a string value using concatenation. Variables cannot be defined using semicolons!
quote$ = CHR$(34) + "Hello World!" + CHR$(34) PRINT "Bill Gates never said "; quote$; " when he answered the telephone!" |
Bill Gates never said "Hello World!" when he answered the telephone! |
Example 2: Inserting numerical values in a PRINT string with semicolons, PRINT USING and PRINT with concatenation.
name$ = "Billy" boxes% = 102 sales! = 306.00 template$ = "& sold ### boxes for $$####,.##." PRINT name$; " sold"; boxes%; "boxes for $"; sales!; "." PRINT USING template$; name$; boxes%; sales! PRINT name$ + " sold" + STR$(boxes%) + " boxes for $" + LTRIM$(STR$(sales!)) + "." |
Billy sold 102 boxes for $ 306 . Billy sold 102 boxes for $306.00. Billy sold 102 boxes for $306. |
- Explanation: Printed numerical values using semicolons have a space on each side. PRINT USING properly formats the string and displays the cent values when they are zero. STR$ converts the number to a string and excludes the right number space, but leaves the sign space. LTRIM$ eliminates the leading sign space between the string number and the $ dollar sign.
See also: