ASCII
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ASCII and Extended Codes
ASCII Control 0 to 31 | ASCII Keyboard Character Codes 32 to 127 Code Character [key] Code Character Code Character Code Character 0 (NUL) 32 [Spacebar] 64 @ 96 ` 1 ☺ (SOH) 33 ! 65 A 97 a 2 ☻ (STX) 34 " 66 B 98 b 3 ♥ (ETX) 35 # 67 C 99 c 4 ♦ (EOT) 36 $ 68 D 100 d 5 ♣ (ENQ) 37 % 69 E 101 e 6 ♠ (ACK) 38 & 70 F 102 f 7 • (BEL) BEEP 39 ' 71 G 103 g 8 ◘ [BackSpace] ** 40 ( 72 H 104 h 9 ○ (HT) [TAB] ** 41 ) 73 I 105 i 10 ◙ (LineFeed) ** 42 * 74 J 106 j 11 ♂ (VT) ** 43 + 75 K 107 k 12 ♀ (FormFeed) ** 44 , 76 L 108 l 13 ♪ (CR) [Enter] ** 45 - 77 M 109 m 14 ♫ (SO) 46 . 78 N 110 n 15 ☼ (SI) 47 / 79 O 111 o 16 ► (DLE) 48 0 80 P 112 p 17 ◄ (DC1) 49 1 81 Q 113 q 18 ↕ (DC2) 50 2 82 R 114 r 19 ‼ (DC3) 51 3 83 S 115 s 20 ¶ (DC4) 52 4 84 T 116 t 21 § (NAK) 53 5 85 U 117 u 22 ▬ (SYN) 54 6 86 V 118 v 23 ↨ (ETB) 55 7 87 W 119 w 24 ↑ (CAN) 56 8 88 X 120 x 25 ↓ (EM) 57 9 89 Y 121 y 26 → (SUB) EOF 58 : 90 Z 122 z 27 ← (ESC) [Esc] 59 ; 91 [ 123 { 28 ∟ (FS) ** 60 < 92 \ 124 | 29 ↔ (GS) ** 61 = 93 ] 125 } 30 ▲ (RS) ** 62 > 94 ^ 126 ~ 31 ▼ (US) ** 63 ? 95 _ 127 ⌂ (DEL) * IBM, International, graphical, mathematical and other characters Code Character Code Character Code Character Code Character 128 Ç 160 á 192 └ 224 α 129 ü 161 í 193 ┴ 225 ß 130 é 162 ó 194 ┬ 226 Γ 131 â 163 ú 195 ├ 227 π 132 ä 164 ñ 196 ─ 228 Σ 133 à 165 Ñ 197 ┼ 229 σ 134 å 166 ª 198 ╞ 230 µ 135 ç 167 º 199 ╟ 231 τ 136 ê 168 ¿ 200 ╚ 232 Φ 137 ë 169 ⌐ 201 ╔ 233 Θ 138 è 170 ¬ 202 ╩ 234 Ω 139 ï 171 ½ 203 ╦ 235 δ 140 î 172 ¼ 204 ╠ 236 ∞ 141 ì 173 ¡ 205 ═ 237 φ 142 Ä 174 « 206 ╬ 238 ε 143 Å 175 » 207 ╧ 239 ∩ 144 É 176 ░ 208 ╨ 240 ≡ 145 æ 177 ▒ 209 ╤ 241 ± 146 Æ 178 ▓ 210 ╥ 242 ≥ 147 ô 179 │ 211 ╙ 243 ≤ 148 ö 180 ┤ 212 ╘ 244 ⌠ 149 ò 181 ╡ 213 ╒ 245 ⌡ 150 û 182 ╢ 214 ╓ 246 ÷ 151 ù 183 ╖ 215 ╫ 247 ≈ 152 ÿ 184 ╕ 216 ╪ 248 ° 153 Ö 185 ╣ 217 ┘ 249 ∙ 154 Ü 186 ║ 218 ┌ 250 · 155 ¢ 187 ╗ 219 █ 251 √ 156 £ 188 ╝ 220 ▄ 252 ⁿ 157 ¥ 189 ╜ 221 ▌ 253 ² 158 ₧ 190 ╛ 222 ▐ 254 ■ 159 ƒ 191 ┐ 223 ▀ 255 NBSP ***
- * DEL was used to erase paper tape data by punching out all of the 7 holes.
- ** Control characters 8 to 13 and 28 to 31 can move text formatting when printed and do not display
- *** NBSP is a Non-breaking Space used to indent text. Some browsers may handle this character differently
Control Characters
- INKEY$ will return Control + letter key press combinations as the equivalent control characters or bold function keys listed below:
Template:WhiteStart CTRL + A = CHR$(1) ☺ StartHeader (SOH) CTRL + B = CHR$(2) ☻ StartText (STX)
CTRL + C = CHR$(3) ♥ EndText (ETX) CTRL + D = CHR$(4) ♦ EndOfTransmit (EOT) CTRL + E = CHR$(5) ♣ Enquiry (ENQ) CTRL + F = CHR$(6) ♠ Acknowledge (ACK) CTRL + G = CHR$(7) • Bell (BEL) CTRL + H = CHR$(8) ◘ [Backspace] (BSP) CTRL + I = CHR$(9) ○ Horiz.Tab [Tab] CTRL + J = CHR$(10) ◙ LineFeed(printer) (LF) CTRL + K = CHR$(11) ♂ Vert. Tab (VT) CTRL + L = CHR$(12) ♀ FormFeed(printer) (FF) CTRL + M = CHR$(13) ♪ [Enter] (CR) CTRL + N = CHR$(14) ♫ ShiftOut (SO) CTRL + O = CHR$(15) ☼ ShiftIn (SI) CTRL + P = CHR$(16) ► DataLinkEscape (DLE) CTRL + Q = CHR$(17) ◄ DevControl1 (DC1) CTRL + R = CHR$(18) ↕ DeviceControl2 (DC2) CTRL + S = CHR$(19) ‼ DevControl3 (DC3) CTRL + T = CHR$(20) ¶ DeviceControl4 (DC4) CTRL + U = CHR$(21) § NegativeACK (NAK) CTRL + V = CHR$(22) ▬ Synchronous Idle (SYN) CTRL + W = CHR$(23) ↨ EndTXBlock (ETB) CTRL + X = CHR$(24) ↑ Cancel (CAN) CTRL + Y = CHR$(25) ↓ EndMedium (EM) CTRL + Z = CHR$(26) → End Of File(SUB) (EOF)
Red symbols will format text and not PRINT the symbol. _PRINTSTRING can print in QB64
- Control characters 1 to 26 can be used to simulate Ctrl + letter key shortcuts in Windows programs using _SCREENPRINT.
- _CONTROLCHR OFF can also be used in QB64 to allow control characters to be printed without formatting the text.
- Characters 0(NULL) and 255(NBSP) can also be used to print spaces(32). Useful for making file names harder to delete too.
- Character 7 will create a BEEP sound when printed in QB64 or an error sound in Qbasic using a SCREEN 0 window.
- Character 8 is returned when the Backspace key is pressed.
- Characters 9 thru 13 and 28 thru 31 can affect screen or file text placements and do not display the character when printed:
- Character 9 will Tab space the cursor 8 column spaces when printed.
- Character 10 moves the cursor or "line feeds" the printer head down one row.
- Character 11 vertical tabs the cursor back to top left position of page or screen. Acts like CLS.
- Character 12 acts like CLS when printed. "Form feeds" the page out of printers.
- Character 13 is the cursor or typing "carriage return" to the start of the line on left side. Returned when Enter key pressed.
- Character 28 designates a File Separator. Moves the print cursor one space right. Combination Ctrl + \
- Character 29 designates a Group Separator. Moves the print cursor one space left. Combination Ctrl + ]
- Character 30 designates a Record Separator. Moves the print cursor one row up. Combination Ctrl + ^
- Character 31 designates a Unit Separator. Moves the print cursor one row down. Combination Ctrl + _
- QB64 can display all of the control characters without formatting the text using _PRINTSTRING.
- Characters 13 and 10 can be combined to create the CrLf carriage return used in files or printing. crlf$ = CHR$(13) + CHR$(10).
- Character 16, the data link escape(DLE) character, can designate that a control character is being sent from a COM port.
- Example: (DLE) <XON> (DLE) <XOFF> or (DLE) <STX> (DLE) <ETX>
- Character 17, Device Control 1, is used with COM ports to mark the start of a transmission as "XON". The character is read.
- Character 19, Device Control 3, is used with COM ports to mark the end of a transmission as "XOFF". The character is NOT read.
- Character 26 can be used to designate the end of a file. See EOF.
- Character 27 ← is returned when the Escape key is pressed.
SCREEN 12 COLOR 14: PRINT "Press Control + letter key combinations." DO K$ = INKEY$ IF LEN(K$) THEN code = ASC(K$) IF code < 32 THEN _PRINTSTRING (220, 100), "Ctrl + " + CHR$(code + 64) + " = " + K$ + " " END IF LOOP UNTIL K$ = CHR$(27) END |
- Characters are one byte and take up one space(byte) in a STRING value or variable.
- Extended(non-keyboard) characters can be entered by holding down Alt key and entering the code number on the Number pad.
- PRINTs text characters and symbols or formats the screen, printer or file.
- BINARY files often store values below 256 in the one byte character. To read the value get the code with ASC.
- Numerical values placed into a BINARY or RANDOM file using a GET or PUT variable, they will be stored in _MK$ format.
- Characters 176 to 223 can be used to create screen borders or boundaries in an ASCII game. See: SCREEN (function)
- Character 253(small 2) can be found as the first character byte of a BSAVEd image file opened in BINARY mode.
- Character 255 can be used as the NBSP(non-breaking space) character on web pages to fill in extra spaces.
- Can be used to crudely encrypt a file so others cannot read it by shifting the code values. See CHR$ example 2.
ASC Codes
Template:WhiteStart' ASCII Keyboard Codes ' ' Esc F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 Sys ScL Pause ' 27 +59 +60 +61 +62 +63 +64 +65 +66 +67 +68 +133 +134 - - - ' `~ 1! 2@ 3# 4$ 5% 6^ 7& 8* 9( 0) -_ =+ BkSp Ins Hme PUp NumL / * - ' 126 33 64 35 36 37 94 38 42 40 41 95 43 8 +82 +71 +73 - 47 42 45 ' 96 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 48 45 61 ' Tab Q W E R T Y U I O P [{ ]} \| Del End PDn 7Hme 8/▲ 9PU + ' 9 81 87 69 82 84 89 85 73 79 80 123 125 124 +83 +79 +81 +71 +72 +73 43 ' 113 119 101 114 116 121 117 105 111 112 91 93 92 55 56 57 ' CapL A S D F G H J K L ;: '" Enter 4/◄- 5 6/-► ' - 65 83 68 70 71 72 74 75 76 58 34 13 +75 +76 +77 E ' 97 115 100 102 103 104 106 107 108 59 39 52 53 54 n ' Shift Z X C V B N M ,< .> /? Shift ▲ 1End 2/▼ 3PD t ' * 90 88 67 86 66 78 77 60 62 63 * +72 +79 +80 +81 e ' 122 120 99 118 98 110 109 44 46 47 49 50 51 r ' Ctrl Win Alt Spacebar Alt Win Menu Ctrl ◄- ▼ -► 0Ins .Del ' * - * 32 * - - * +75 +80 +77 +82 +83 13 ' 48 46 ' ' Italics = LCase/NumLock On ____________ + = 2 Byte: CHR$(0) + CHR$(code)
'
' Demo displays all ASCII codes and 2 byte code combinations DO: K$ = INKEY$ IF K$ <> "" THEN 'ASC will return an error if an empty string is read! IF ASC(K$) > 0 THEN PRINT "CHR$(" + LTRIM$(STR$(ASC(K$))) + ")" 'display normal keypress codes ELSE PRINT "CHR$(0) + CHR$(" + LTRIM$(STR$(ASC(K$, 2))) + ")" 'display 2 byte codes END IF END IF LOOP UNTIL K$ = CHR$(27) 'escape key press exits |
- Note: In QB64 ASC(K$, 2) can read the second byte of the 2 byte code when ASC(K$) reads the first byte as 0.
Two Byte Codes
- INKEY$ returns both bytes when two byte keys or key combinations are pressed. The second byte = RIGHT$(keypress$, 1)
- If the character returned is a two byte code, ASC will return 0. Warning: ASC cannot read empty INKEY$ string values!
- In QB64 only, ASC(keypress$, 2) can return the second byte code. Don't read empty string values!
- String values returned can be compared in an IF or SELECT CASE routine by using the actual string definitions such as:
- IF INKEY$ = CHR$(0) + CHR$(80) THEN row = row + 1 or IF INKEY$ = CHR$(0) + "P" THEN row = row + 1
Template:WhiteStart Two Byte Character Codes Key CHR$(0) + "?"
CHR$(0) + CHR$(16-50) [Alt] + letter
CHR$(0) + CHR$(59) [F1] ";"
CHR$(0) + CHR$(60) [F2] "<"
CHR$(0) + CHR$(61) [F3] "="
CHR$(0) + CHR$(62) [F4] ">"
CHR$(0) + CHR$(63) [F5] "?"
CHR$(0) + CHR$(64) [F6] "@"
CHR$(0) + CHR$(65) [F7] "A"
CHR$(0) + CHR$(66) [F8] "B"
CHR$(0) + CHR$(67) [F9] "C"
CHR$(0) + CHR$(68) [F10] "D"
CHR$(0) + CHR$(71) [Home] "G"
CHR$(0) + CHR$(72) [↑] Up Arrow "H"
CHR$(0) + CHR$(73) [Page Up] "I"
CHR$(0) + CHR$(75) [←] Left Arrow "K"
CHR$(0) + CHR$(76) [5 NumberPad] "L" (NumLock off in QB64)
CHR$(0) + CHR$(77) [→] Right Arrow "M"
CHR$(0) + CHR$(79) [End] "O"
CHR$(0) + CHR$(80) [↓] Down Arrow "P"
CHR$(0) + CHR$(81) [Page Down] "Q"
CHR$(0) + CHR$(82) [Insert] "R"
CHR$(0) + CHR$(83) [Delete] "S"
CHR$(0) + CHR$(84-93) [Shift] + F1-10
CHR$(0) + CHR$(94-103) [Ctrl] + F1-10
CHR$(0) + CHR$(104-113) [Alt] + F1-10
CHR$(0) + CHR$(114-119) [Ctrl] + keypad
CHR$(0) + CHR$(120-129) [Alt] + number
CHR$(0) + CHR$(130 or 131) [Alt] + _/- or +/= "é" or "â"
CHR$(0) + CHR$(133) [F11] "à"
CHR$(0) + CHR$(134) [F12] "å"
CHR$(0) + CHR$(135) [Shift] + [F11] "ç"
CHR$(0) + CHR$(136) [Shift] + [F12] "ê"
CHR$(0) + CHR$(137) [Ctrl] + [F11] "ë"
CHR$(0) + CHR$(138) [Ctrl] + [F12] "è"
CHR$(0) + CHR$(139) [Alt] + [F11] "ï"
CHR$(0) + CHR$(140) [Alt] + [F12] "î"
- In QB64, CVI can be used to get the _KEYDOWN 2-byte code value. Example: status = _KEYDOWN(CVI(CHR$(0) + "P"))
Code Examples
Example 1: Using arrow keys to move a text character. A change from a previous position tells program when to PRINT:
movey = 1: movex = 1 'text coordinates can never be 0 at$ = "@" 'text sprite could be almost any ASCII character LOCATE movey, movex: PRINT at$; DO px = movex: py = movey 'previous positions B$ = INKEY$ IF B$ = CHR$(0) + CHR$(72) AND movey > 1 THEN movey = movey - 1 'rows 1 to 23 only IF B$ = CHR$(0) + CHR$(80) AND movey < 23 THEN movey = movey + 1 IF B$ = CHR$(0) + CHR$(75) AND movex > 1 THEN movex = movex - 1 'columns 1 to 80 only IF B$ = CHR$(0) + CHR$(77) AND movex < 80 THEN movex = movex + 1 IF px <> movex OR py <> movey THEN 'only changes when needed LOCATE py, px: PRINT SPACE$(1); 'erase old sprite LOCATE movey, movex: PRINT at$; 'show new position END IF LOOP UNTIL B$ = CHR$(27) 'ESCape key exit END |
Example 2: Routine displays all keypress codes including Ctrl, Alt and Shift combinations. Ctrl + letter = control codes 1 to 26.
SCREEN 13
tmp$ = " CHR$(###),\\,\ \ "
tmp2$ = " CHR$(0) + CHR$(###) \ \"
COLOR 14: LOCATE 3, 3: PRINT "The code can tell what key is pressed"
COLOR 12: LOCATE 5, 14: PRINT CHR$(3); SPACE$(3);
COLOR 13: PRINT CHR$(5); SPACE$(3);
COLOR 12: PRINT CHR$(4); SPACE$(3);
COLOR 13: PRINT CHR$(6)
COLOR 10: LOCATE 7, 4: PRINT " Hit a key to find the ASCII Code"
COLOR 5: LOCATE 13, 1: PRINT " Codes below 33 are called control keys"
LOCATE 14, 1: PRINT " CHR$(0) + are 2 byte Extended key codes"
COLOR 13: LOCATE 16, 1: PRINT " Extended: Press Alt + numberpad: Enter"
LOCATE 18, 1: PRINT " Try some Ctrl, Alt, or Shift Combo's"
COLOR 5: LOCATE 20, 1: PRINT " INKEY$ is used to detect the key entry"
COLOR 2: LOCATE 22, 15: PRINT CHR$(1); " "; CHR$(2)
COLOR 4: LOCATE 24, 10: PRINT "To Quit hit the TAB key";
COLOR 9
DO
DO: SLEEP: A$ = INKEY$: LOOP UNTIL A$ <> "" 'legal ASC read keys
IF ASC(A$) > 0 THEN ' normal key codes
code% = ASC(A$)
SELECT CASE code%
CASE 7: Key$ = "Beep"
CASE 8: Key$ = "Backspace"
CASE 9: Key$ = "Tab Key"
CASE 10: Key$ = "Line Feed"
CASE 12: Key$ = "Form Feed"
CASE 13: Key$ = "Enter"
CASE 27: Key$ = "Escape"
CASE 32: Key$ = "Space Bar"
CASE 48 TO 57: Key$ = "Number"
CASE 65 TO 90: Key$ = "Uppercase"
CASE 97 TO 122: Key$ = "Lowercase"
CASE ELSE: Key$ = ""
END SELECT
SELECT CASE code% 'check for unprintable control combo characters
CASE 10 TO 13: Kcode% = 32
CASE ELSE: Kcode% = code%
END SELECT
COLOR 9: LOCATE 10, 5: PRINT USING tmp$; code%; CHR$(Kcode%); Key$;
END IF
IF ASC(A$) = 0 THEN 'two byte key codes
code% = ASC(RIGHT$(A$, 1)) 'QBasic code
'code% = ASC(A$, 2) 'QB64 code alternative
SELECT CASE code%
CASE 16 TO 50: Key$ = "Alt+ letter"
CASE 72: Key$ = CHR$(24) + " Arrow"
CASE 75: Key$ = CHR$(27) + " Arrow"
CASE 77: Key$ = CHR$(26) + " Arrow"
CASE 80: Key$ = CHR$(25) + " Arrow"
CASE 83: Key$ = "Delete"
CASE 59: Key$ = "F1"
CASE 60: Key$ = "F2"
CASE 61: Key$ = "F3"
CASE 62: Key$ = "F4"
CASE 63: Key$ = "F5"
CASE 64: Key$ = "F6"
CASE 65: Key$ = "F7"
CASE 66: Key$ = "F8"
CASE 67: Key$ = "F9"
CASE 68: Key$ = "F10"
CASE 71: Key$ = "Home"
CASE 73: Key$ = "Page " + CHR$(24)
CASE 79: Key$ = "End"
CASE 81: Key$ = "Page " + CHR$(25)
CASE 82: Key$ = "Insert"
CASE 83: Key$ = "Delete"
CASE 84 TO 93: Key$ = "Shift+ F"
CASE 94 TO 103: Key$ = "Ctrl+ F"
CASE 104 TO 113: Key$ = "Alt+ F"
CASE 114 TO 119: Key$ = "Ctrl + pad"
CASE 120 TO 129: Key$ = "Alt+ number"
CASE 132: Key$ = "Ctrl + pad"
CASE 133: Key$ = "F11"
CASE 134: Key$ = "F12"
CASE 135: Key$ = "Shift+ F11"
CASE 136: Key$ = "Shift+ F12"
CASE 137: Key$ = "Ctrl+ F11"
CASE 138: Key$ = "Ctrl+ F12"
CASE 139: Key$ = "Alt+ F11"
CASE 140: Key$ = "Alt+ F12"
CASE ELSE: Key$ = ""
END SELECT
LOCATE 10, 5: PRINT USING tmp2$; code%; Key$
END IF
LOOP UNTIL A$ = CHR$(9)
SOUND 400, 4
SLEEP 3
SYSTEM
|
Explanation: The routine checks for a keypress and SLEEP guarantees that ASC will never read an empty string from INKEY$. When the keypress is determined to be two bytes (ASC(A$) = 0) the second SELECT CASE routine is used. You can even display non-keyboard extended characters. Just press Alt + numberpad code, release and press enter.
- Note: Ctrl + letter keys will list the contol keys as normal codes. EX: Ctrl + G will BEEP (CHR$(7)).
References
Printable ASCII Table: _PRINTIMAGE (see Example 2 on page)
See also
- _KEYHIT, _KEYDOWN
- _MAPUNICODE, _MAPUNICODE (function)
- Code Pages (Various Unicode Languages)
- ASC (statement) (QB64 only)
- ASC, INSTR
- CHR$, INKEY$
- LEFT$, MID$, RIGHT$
- PRINT, SCREEN
- MKI$, MKL$, MKS$, MKD$, _MK$
- _PRINTSTRING, _SCREENPRINT
- _CONTROLCHR (turns control PRINT actions OFF/ON)
- Scancodes(keyboard), Unicode(character table)
- Text Using Graphics